1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

The Transboundary Agro-ecosystem Management Project for the Kagera River Basin (GEF-FAO / Kagera TAMP )

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) - 意大利

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Bukoba district council (Bukoba district council) - 坦桑尼亚联合共和国

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.5 参考关于SLM方法（使用WOCAT记录的SLM方法）的调查问卷

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Application of Thatch and Hyperrhenia Rufa grass mulch in banana and coffee plantation to reduce soil erosion, improve soil fertility and moisture and ensure high productivity

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

The technology is applied in coffee and banana fields in the sub humid climate. The technology objective is prevention of land degradation specifically nutrient improvement, erosion control, soil moisture and soil health (soil's living organisms) improvement. The materials applied are very variable perennial grass from 60-240 cm high. Panicle loose and narrow up to 50 cm long, with slightly spreading or contiguous racemes with shortly hairy or nearly glabrous spikelets 3.5-5 mm long. The materials are spreaded to 15cm thickness, manually across the slpoe, once per year, at the beginig of short rains.

Purpose of the Technology: The purpose of the technology is to retain moisture content in soil by promoting water infiltration during and after the rains, promoting water holding capacity through decay and formation of organic matter. Grass mulch control soil erosion by intercepting raindrops (splash erosion) that detach soil particles. Grass mulch technology improves soil nutrient through grass decomposition.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: There is no establishment activities for the technology only maintenance activities (operational activities) are required once a year.
Maintenance activities include collection of mulching grasses -The grass is cut and collected by household or hired labor. The quantity of grass required per hectar is 1,500 cubic metre equivalent to 375 bundles.
To spread/apply mulching grasses -Grass is spread manually across the slope preferably to 15cm thickness. Dry grasses are spread across the slope with thickness of maximum 15cm. It is recommended to apply mulch grass around 15cm from the banana trunks.This is done once annually before the onset of short rains (during Augost and September)

Natural / human environment: The technology is applied on coffee/banaana fields. The Rainfall is 1000-1500mm, the subhumid climate (temp 26 -30 degree centigrade) and two growing seasons. The technology is meant for soil water evaporation contol and is tolerant in dry spell season while sensitive to excessive rains.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 50多年前（传统）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 作为传统系统的一部分（> 50 年）

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Soil erosion, excessive soil water evaporation, fertility decline and reduced organic matter content

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Excessive weed invasions and reduced productivity

3.4 供水

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

3.5 该技术所属的SLM组

• 改良的地面/植被覆盖

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

Specification of other agronomic measures: Grass mulching

Type of agronomic measures: mulching

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Bl: loss of soil life

Main causes of degradation: soil management (Cultivation along the slope), Heavy / extreme rainfall (intensity/amounts), land tenure (few farmers own grassland), poverty / wealth (Peasants are not able to purchase grass mulch)

Secondary causes of degradation: crop management (annual, perennial, tree/shrub), disturbance of water cycle (infiltration / runoff) (Poor soil cover), droughts (There is soil water evaporation)

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 防止土地退化
• 减少土地退化

注释:

Secondary goals: mitigation / reduction of land degradation

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本计算所用货币:

• 美元

4.5 维护/经常性活动

	活动	时间/频率
1.	Collection of mulching materials	May-June
2.	Application of mulching materials (spreading)	June-August
3.	Weeding	July and January
4.	De trashing	February and September

4.6 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Collection and Apllication of mulching materials	persons/day/ha	16.0	1.5625	25.0	100.0
施工材料	Mulch	ha	1.0	117.0	117.0	100.0
技术维护所需总成本					142.0
技术维护总成本，美元					142.0

注释:

per hectar of land protected; cost of purchasing 375 bundles of grass and their spread to be $0.3 per bundle and 20 mandays at $ 1.2

4.7 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

Cost of purchasing mulch grass is the most determinate factor. Mostly due to long distance to fetch the grass and the scatered nature due to degradation and encroachment by tree planting.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

说明该技术是否专门应用于:

• 凸形情况

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

Slopes on average: 6.25%

Altitudinal zone: 1194 m a.s.l.

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil fertility is low - medium

Soil drainage / infiltration is medium

Soil water storage capacity is medium

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Land users applying the Technology are mainly common / average land users

Difference in the involvement of women and men: De trashing commonly done by men, collection and application of mulch commonly done by women

Annual population growth: 0.5% - 1%

20% of the land users are rich and own 40% of the land.
80% of the land users are average wealthy and own 60% of the land.

Market orientation of production system: Coffee is purely for commercial while banana is for both subsistance and commercial

Level of mechanization: Cultivation is done at establishment phase, another farming systems limits mechanization

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者使用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 社区/村庄
• 个人，未命名

土地使用权:

• 社区（有组织）
• 个人

用水权:

• 自由进入（无组织）
• 社区（有组织）

注释:

The technology is highly adopted by well to do farmers, either having off farm source of income or old farmer after achieving reasonable savings. This is because the communal range land has encroached by protected forest.

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

水资源可用性和质量

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

生物多样性:植被、动物

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	增加或减少	该技术是如何应对的？
年温度		增加	好

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

气象灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
局地暴雨	不好
局地风暴	好

气候灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
干旱	好

其他气候相关的后果

其他气候相关的后果

	该技术是如何应对的？
缩短生长期	好
	未知

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

注释:

No establishment costs, recurrent costs for mulching Technology for three years consecutively, can increase productivity in two folds and be maintained for more than ten years.

6.5 技术采用

• > 50%

如若可行，进行量化（住户数量和/或覆盖面积）:

1766 households (68 percent of land users in stated area)

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发的，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 91-100%

注释:

1766 land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

Comments on spontaneous adoption: There are farmers who apply dried banana leaves and pseudo stem as mulch.

There is a moderate trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: The adoption is moderate simply because of increasing cost of mulching grasses compared to produce farm gate price increase. Furthermore the labour force is dominated by the elderly.

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Increase in soil moisture especially during the dry season How can they be sustained / enhanced? Perform regularly maintenance activities
Reduced weeds How can they be sustained / enhanced? Apply mulch grasses at the depth of 15 cm twice a year for the first 3 years consecutively
Fertility increase How can they be sustained / enhanced? Soft loan of livestock to be provided to farmers

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Esy to implement and maintain How can they be sustained / enhanced? Promote extended use of the technology (knowledge sharing)
Multiple ecological benefits: improved soil organic matter, soil moisture and soil biodiversity How can they be sustained / enhanced? Educate farmers on diversified mulching materials and systems e.g. intercropping, cover crops, minimum tillage
Prevent soil erosion How can they be sustained / enhanced? Combine other conservation technologies e.g. contour construction with mulching.

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Does not stay longer, it can persist for one season, hence requires twice application	Apply the correct quality and quantity material.
Not readily available to all farmers simply because range land has been allocated to well to do farmers.	Land tenure system and land use planning should be revisited
Increased manual labour (cutting, transportation spreading)	Plant grasses like vertiva

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Grass mulch available only to farmers with grassland	Other measures should be encouraged (use of chopped banana,pseudo stem, leaves and sheaths)
Degradation of grassland	Promotion of SLM Technologies for grassland conservation

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.3 链接到网络上的相关信息

标题/说明:

Kagera TAMP project website

URL:

http://www.fao.org/nr/kagera/en/