1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

stone terrace more or less along the contour, combined with artificial waterways and traditional ditches to drain excess water, and heightened field borders

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

stone bunds, height 0.5 m to 2.5 m, base width 1m to 1.5 m, top width 0.2 m to 1 m (top width mainly below 0.5 m). stones are piled very carefully to form stable terraces, masonry-like, stable drystone walls. In some cases, gesho (local hop, Rhamnus prinoides) is planted above the stone terrace. Bisana (Croton macrostachytus) is planted below the stone bund or along raised field borders. Stone bunds vary in height depending on the slope angle to reach, if possible, flat terraces behind the bund. Bunds are maintained regularly and if necessary bunds are raised. The technology is applied since generations in this area. Farmers continue to build bunds on new plots. A factor favouring the construction and maintenance of bunds - compared with many areas of the Ethiopian Highlans - is that the land distribution of 1996/97 was not carried out in Mesobit & Gedeba.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

国家:

埃塞俄比亚

区域/州/省:

North Shewa

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 均匀地分布在一个区域

如果不知道精确的区域，请注明大致覆盖的区域:

• 100-1,000 平方千米

注释:

Technology known since generations. Knowledge passed down from father to son. One person mentioned the year 1906 EC (1913 gregor. calendar) as the time when SWC started to be applied on a bigger scale in the area. Area of application: unknown. Information given below is for Mesobit and Gedeba KA only (ca 500 ha).

Map

×

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 50多年前（传统）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 作为传统系统的一部分（> 50 年）

注释（项目类型等）:

No historical record

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

农田

• 一年一作
• 多年一作（非木材）
• 乔木与灌木的种植

• gesho (local hop, Rhamnus prinoides)

• Bisana (Croton macrostachytus), accacia

每年的生长季节数:

• 2

具体说明:

Longest growing period from month to month: Apr - DecSecond longest growing period from month to month: Feb - May

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): continuous cultivation and overgrazing due to high population pressure; declining soil fertility, which is only partially made up with increased inputs; pests

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): continuous cropping and overgrazing due to high population pressure, change of climate, pests

3.4 供水

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

注释:

Water supply: Also mixed rainfed - irrigated

3.5 该技术所属的SLM组

• 横坡措施
• 灌溉管理（包括供水、排水）
• 引水和排水

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

植物措施

• V1：乔木和灌木覆盖层
• V2：草和多年生草本植物

结构措施

• S2：堤、岸
• S3：分级沟渠、渠道、水道

注释:

Main measures: structural measures

Secondary measures: vegetative measures

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

土壤水蚀

• Wt：表土流失/地表侵蚀
• Wg：冲沟侵蚀/沟蚀

化学性土壤退化

• Cn：肥力下降和有机质含量下降（非侵蚀所致）

水质恶化

• Ha：干旱化

注释:

Main type of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Wg: gully erosion / gullying, Cn: fertility decline and reduced organic matter content, Ha: aridification

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

Ethiopia Birr

如相关，注明美元与当地货币的汇率（例如1美元=79.9巴西雷亚尔）：1美元=:

7.0

4.3 技术建立活动

4.4 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

注释:

Duration of establishment phase: 48 month(s)

4.5 维护/经常性活动

4.6 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

注释:

length of structure, per day one person constructs about 3 m new stone bund

4.7 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

financial costs are very small compared to manual labour. Costs for labour as indicated in 2.7.1. are given as opportunity costs!
much of the labour is done using traditional group work debo (= working party) or wenfel (= reciprocal work) or newly introduced group work (mass mobilisation).

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil depth on average: Moderately deep, also deep (soil depths estimated only. soil depth also varies depending on location in relation to stone bund.)
Soil fertility is medium
Soil infiltration/drainage is good
Soil water storage capacity is high

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Annual population growth: 2% - 3%

5% of the land users are rich (yield lasts for 12 months).
80% of the land users are average wealthy (yield lasts for 8 months).
15% of the land users are poor (yield lasts for less than 8 monts and people are involved in petty trade).

Off-farm income specification: Some families rely heavily on off-farm income (petty trade, handicraft). For these families, off-farm income can be as high as 50%, usually it is in the order of 10-20%.

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 州

土地使用权:

• 个人

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发的，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 91-100%

注释:

Comments on acceptance with external material support: estimates

Comments on spontaneous adoption: estimates

Comments on adoption trend: young farmers are a bit more reluctant to continue building new bunds, however they maintain existing bunds.

7.1 信息的方法/来源