1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Embankment dams are built to retain rainwater without totally blocking the flow of water, enabling the irrigation of a part of the plain.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

The installation of earth embankment dams in lowland areas comprises the following elements: 1) a compacted earth embankment, 100 to 450 metres in length; 2) a side spillway built with rubble or cyclopean concrete, 40 to 75 metres in length and connected to the embankment with lock walls; 3) a spillway stilling basin of loose stones; 4) dam height of up to five metres and a crest width of up to four metres; 5) a pond upstream of the embankment dug up to three to four metres deep for storing water throughout the dry season and, thereby, ensuring supplies for watering animals, market gardening and fish farming.

Embankment dams retain water in the basin for several months after the end of the rainy season, which can be used for watering livestock and crops off season; and they help raise the water table, which makes well water more easily accessible (at a depth of one to five metres). These dams are used for both controlled and free submersion.
The side of the embankment is about one metre higher than that of the side spillway. When the water level reaches the height of the side spillway, water flows down through the structure and continues along the riverbed on its normal route downstream. In-season rice growing is carried out both upstream and downstream of the dam. Upstream growers farming areas peripheral to the reservoir are advised to use varieties of floating rice or those that can withstand prolonged flooding. The seedlings for this kind of rice must be sown before the reservoir fills with water.
At the end of the growing season, the water is retained in the reservoir for watering animals and for fishing. Market gardening activities are carried out along the entire length of the river, with water being extracted from dug wells (sumps two to six metres deep).
In Mali, there are around 15 schemes in place in the circles of Sikasso, Kadiolo, Bougouni and Yanfolila, covering more than 1,000 hectares and benefiting 1,500 rural families. In these areas, more than 60% of rice growers are women. More than 100,000 head of cattle are watered each year from the reservoirs. The very large quantity of stored water considerably increases the potential to use land for vegetable and tree growing.

Local people formulate the requirement and negotiate with the commune on the investment programme; they identify the rules of access and set up the farming cooperatives and management bodies. The commune plans investments and assumes overall control of the construction work, delegates management to users, and validates the farming rules and oversees their correct application. Consultancies carry out the socio-economic, environmental and technical studies (scheme design, plans, models), draw up the invitation to tender document and support the tender selection process, and monitor and inspect works. Technical services oversee the application of technical and environmental standards and participate in ensuring sound financial practices (collection, financial control, public service concessions). Contractors carry out the construction work. The project team provides training (planning, social engineering, studies involving farmers, etc.), advisory support (organisation of users, formulation and validation of rules, area development plan, plan to develop and exploit value chains, selection of suitable crop varieties, management delegation procedures, procedures for securing land titles, etc.) and co-financing.
The users are divided up into management and maintenance teams and their respective responsibilities are clearly defined prior to the interim and final acceptance of works.

This type of scheme is effective in areas with good rainfall levels and in lowland areas where the water table is not very low. It is important to select lowland areas with the potential to store a substantial volume of water (topographic basins). This type of scheme works best in southern areas of Mali with 1,100 to 1,200 millimetres of precipitation per year.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 10-50年前

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过项目/外部干预

注释（项目类型等）:

Since 2003, by HELVETAS Swiss Intercooperation

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 改良生产
• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

同一土地单元内混合使用的土地：:

是

具体说明混合土地使用（作物/放牧/树木）:

• 农牧业（包括农牧结合）

农田

• 一年一作

每年的生长季节数:

• 1

具体说明:

Longest growing period in days: 120, Longest growing period from month to month: August-November

牧场

水道、水体、湿地

• 池塘、大坝

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): aridification, loss of water
Livestock density: 1-10 LU /km2

3.4 供水

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 混合雨水灌溉

3.5 该技术所属的SLM组

• 灌溉管理（包括供水、排水）
• 引水和排水
• 地表水管理（泉、河、湖、海）

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

结构措施

• S5：大坝、集水斗、水池

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

生物性退化

• Bc：植被覆盖的减少

水质恶化

• Ha：干旱化
• Hs：地表水良变化
• Hg：地下水/含水层水位的变化

注释:

Main causes of degradation: over abstraction / excessive withdrawal of water (for irrigation, industry, etc.), droughts

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 减少土地退化

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

CFA Franc

如相关，注明美元与当地货币的汇率（例如1美元=79.9巴西雷亚尔）：1美元=:

512.0

4.3 技术建立活动

4.5 维护/经常性活动

4.7 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

The cost of a scheme stands at around 40 million CFA francs (77838 Dollars) for between 10 to 80 hectares (0.5 to 4 million CFA francs per hectare (972-7780 Dollars)).

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

5.3 土壤

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Population density: < 10 persons/km2
Annual population growth: 2% - 3%
10% of the land users are rich.
50% of the land users are average wealthy.
30% of the land users are poor.
10% of the land users are very poor.

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者使用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

注释:

The irrigated land is allocated by the chief

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

气象灾害

气候灾害

水文灾害

其他气候相关的后果

其他气候相关的后果

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

注释:

There is a moderate trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology
In Mali, there are around 15 schemes in place in the circles of Sikasso, Kadiolo, Bougouni and Yanfolila, covering more than 1,000 hectares and benefiting 1,500 rural families. The technique has now been mastered by a number of local companies. No dam has failed in the last eight years.
The technology has also been successfully adopted in northern Côte d’Ivoire.

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Manual of Good Practices in Small Scale Irrigation in the Sahel. Experiences from Mali. Published by GIZ in 2014.

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

http://star-www.giz.de/starweb/giz/pub/servlet.starweb

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Intercooperation, Sahel Delegation (2008): Les aménagements de bas-fonds dans le bassin cotonnier de Sikasso. Expérience du programme Jékasy. [Developing lowland areas in the Sikasso cotton-growing basin. The Jékasy programme’s experience.] Intercooperation, Sahel Delegation: Capitalisation des experiences du programme Jékasy en gestion des ressources naturelles et aménagements des bas-fonds. [Capitalising on the experiences of the Jékasy programme in managing natural resources and lowland schemes.] Rapport Collecte de données sur la valorisation des ouvrages réalisés dans le Pôle de Bougouni sur le financement APEL [Data collection report on developing the value of APEL-funded schemes carried out in the Bougouni Hub] – Bougouni, April 2013