1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

Scaling-up SLM practices by smallholder farmers (IFAD)

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

CDE Centre for Development and Environment (CDE Centre for Development and Environment) - 瑞士

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

09/05/2017

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Different varieties of mangoes such as Banganapalle, Alphonso, Kesar, Haden, Bombay, Kent, Keitt, oranges such as Washington Navel, Valencies, Tangarine, jack fruits and avacados are grown for purposes of household income and soil fertility improvement.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

Home fruit tree groves of grafted mango (mangifera indica) and citrus (citrus aurantium) is a farming practice that farmers practice in Northern Uganda to diversify their economic activity, for soil fertility improvement and household income.

Northern Uganda has tropical savanna climate which receives moderate amount of rainfall ranging from 750-1000mm per annum. The soils are moderately fertile with less organic matters coupled with soil erosion, which leads to low crop productions hence low incomes. The moderate rainfall is also unreliable which makes the region to experience drought. Farmers grow fruits as an alternative source of income.

This land user generates over 90% of his household income from fruit growing. The planted fruit trees increase the organic matter content in the soil when dry leaves decompose, rooting prevents soil erosion, pruned brunches are a source of fuel wood and trees acts as wind breaks. Major fruits grown include jack fruits, grafted mangoes, oranges and avocados.

For all these fruits, seeds are first planted in a nursery bed for a period for about two months with the following required inputs: hoes, pangas, spades, wheelbarrows, and shovels. Afterwards, transplanting into the gardens is done. Selection and clearing of the field is done and the planting holes are marked. Excavation is done in accordance to the slope direction: the top soil is put on the hillward side of the planting hole then the sub-soil is put on the downward side of the planting hole. The planting holes are dug in a square shape at 60*60 cm. Composite manure is mixed with top soil and applied into the hole to speed up the seedling establishment and to enhance growth. When planting, the hole is not fully filled but ends 5 cm below the surface so to enable water harvesting, moisture retentions and infiltration. This ensures ample soil moisture and water supply to plants.

The spacing for avocados is 8 × 8 m (65 seedlings/acre), jack fruits is 10 × 10 m (44 seedlings/acre), mangoes 10 × 10 m (44 seedlings/acre) and oranges 4 × 5 m (200 seedlings/acre). After planting, mulching is done by saw dust, kitchen waste like groundnut husks, vegetables and so on. 75 mangoes, 150 oranges, 20 avocados, 20 jack fruits and 4 grapes trees are spread evenly over the planting area. To realize maximum production, the land user needs to have constant water for irrigation.

On the other side, fruit tree growing has brought negative feelings from neighbors who don't promote this practice. Fruit farmers' lifestyle has changed due to revenues realised from growing fruit trees. To maintain this technology, weeding, pruning and creating fire lines during dry seasons to protect the farm is very critical . The technology is highly susceptible to pests and diseases that may require support from the local extension worker from time to time to be able to obtain high yields.

2.3 技术照片

2.4 技术视频

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

注明实施年份:

2013

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过土地使用者的创新

注释（项目类型等）:

Land user needs to generate income.

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 改良生产
• 适应气候变化/极端天气及其影响
• 创造有益的经济影响

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

如果由于技术的实施而导致土地用途发生变化，则在技术实施前说明土地利的用途。:

The land was use for brick making

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

注释:

Drip irrigation is done during dry seasons

每年的生长季节数:

• 1

牲畜密度（如相关）:

Cows: 5, Goats:7. Improved breeds of goat and cattle which are high yielding

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 改良植物品种/动物品种
• 家庭花园

3.5 技术传播

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 均匀地分布在一个区域

如果该技术均匀地分布在一个区域上，请注明覆盖的大致区域。:

• < 0.1 平方千米（10 公顷）

注释:

The fruits gardens covers 2 acres of land.

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

Fruit growing promotes soil conversation.

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Fruit growing conserves the environment by preventing tree cutting.

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 减少土地退化

注释:

The area initially was severly degraded by brick making work but after putting it under fruit growing, it became very fertile.

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

The fruit trees are planted on a generally flat average land size of 2 acres of land with following spacing: mangoes 10X10msq, jack fruits 10X10msq because it forms a big canopy, oranges 5X5 msq.

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本和投入是如何计算的:

• 每个技术区域

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

UGX

注明美元与当地货币的汇率(如相关):1美元=:

3500.0

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	Site clearing for nursery bed	农业学的	dry season
2.	Raising the nursery	农业学的	dry season
3.	Digging planting holes	农业学的	dry season
4.	Applying composite manure	农业学的	dry season
5.	Transplanting at 15 to 30cm seedling high	农业学的	onset of rain

注释:

Different fruit species have different nursery beds

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Site clearing for nursery bed	Meters	2.0	10000.0	20000.0	100.0
劳动力	Raising the nursery	Meters	2.0	10000.0	20000.0	100.0
劳动力	Transplanting	Acres	2.0	50000.0	100000.0	100.0
劳动力	Pitting for fruit tree planting	Acres	2.0	50000.0	100000.0	100.0
设备	Pangas	Pieces	10.0	5000.0	50000.0	100.0
设备	Hoes	Pieces	15.0	10000.0	150000.0	100.0
设备	Axes	Pieces	5.0	10000.0	50000.0	100.0
设备	Wheelbarrows	Pieces	4.0	95000.0	380000.0	100.0
植物材料	String	Pieces	4.0	5000.0	20000.0	100.0
植物材料	Dipper	Pieces	4.0	45000.0	180000.0	100.0
植物材料	Watering can	Pieces	2.0	25000.0	50000.0	100.0
植物材料	Spray pump	Pieces	4.0	75000.0	300000.0	100.0
施工材料	Bamboo	Pieces	10.0	10000.0	100000.0	100.0
施工材料	Dry grass	Bundles	5.0	3000.0	15000.0	100.0
技术建立所需总成本					1535000.0

注释:

The technology is technically easy to maintain once established and can be replicated by other land users.

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	Weeding	农业学的	after every 3 months
2.	Pest control	农业学的	dry season use cow dung and driny use season pesticide
3.	Stray animal control	农业学的	dry season
4.	Thieves control	农业学的	rainy season
5.	Prunning branches	农业学的	rainy season
6.	Buying pesticides	农业学的	rainy season
7.	Transportation to market	农业学的	season of harvest
8.	Buying mulching materials	农业学的	onset of rain

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Hired labour	Man day	4.0	3000.0	12000.0	100.0
设备	Spray pump	Piece	4.0	75000.0	300000.0	100.0
设备	Irrigation during dry season	Litres	10000.0	200.0	2000000.0	100.0
设备	Syringe pipe	Piece	1.0	2500.0	2500.0	100.0
植物材料	Seedings	Pieces	269.0	3500.0	941500.0	100.0
植物材料	Composite manures	Wheelbarrows	1.0	5000.0	5000.0	100.0
植物材料	Stringes for making holes in a stright line	Rolls	4.0	5000.0	20000.0	100.0
植物材料	Peg for setting holes	Boundle	1.0	10000.0	10000.0	100.0
肥料和杀菌剂	Pesticides (dythen m45)	kg	1.0	40000.0	40000.0
技术维护所需总成本					3331000.0

注释:

The land user has knowledge on agronomic practices.

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

High costs of labor
High transportation cost
Purchase of pesticides

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

说明该技术是否专门应用于:

• 不相关

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Loamy, silty soil at the top and deep down there is gravel. Soil pH is neutral and less saline.

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

水的盐度有问题吗？:

否

该区域正在发生洪水吗？:

否

关于水质和水量的注释和进一步规范:

Very low water table

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

The land user is a typical farmer who is contented with his lifestyle as a fruit grower due to the income derived from sale of fruits.

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 个人，有命名

土地使用权:

• 个人

用水权:

• 社区（有组织）

注释:

The land user has fenced his land and put marked stones.

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

减少气候和灾害风险

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

有关影响评估的意见:

The technology is rewarding in the short, medium and long term and can be replicated by any farmer in any climatic region especially tropical regions.

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	气候变化/极端天气的类型	该技术是如何应对的？
年温度		减少	非常好
季节性温度	湿季/雨季	减少	非常好
年降雨量		增加	好
季雨量	湿季/雨季	增加	非常好

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

气候灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
干旱	非常好
森林火灾	非常好
陆地火灾	适度

水文灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
滑坡	非常好

注释:

This technology is drought resistant and manageable by any farmer who has the interest to practice it.

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

注释:

The fruits are locally sold expensively at 1000 UGX@ and raise much income to the farmer.

6.5 技术采用

• 10-50%

如若可行，进行量化（住户数量和/或覆盖面积）:

20 household

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发地采用该技术，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 90-100%

注释:

The land user uses the little resources he has to establish the technology.

6.6 适应

最近是否对该技术进行了修改以适应不断变化的条件？:

否

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Constant supply of fruits provides high income to the land user. To realize maximum production, there is need for irrigation to have a constant fruit supply with support from extension workers who are readily available with the extension workers for technical advice.
The fruit trees modify the micro-environment making it conducive.
The technology is very rewarding, cost effective once established and can easily be replicated by other land users.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
The technology is good for small , medium and large scale farmers due to its ability to improve soil fertility, increase production and household income.
Can easily be replicated by other land users.

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Before establishment the technology requires some knowledge and skills on fruit growing which can be extended by the extension worker who are located far from the land user. Associated with high costs in terms of transport and allowances to the land user.	Training and capacity building of local land users / experts. Training champion farmers. Establishment of learning sites / demonstrations.
Prone to climate change	Irrigation during the dry season
Requires water supply	Irrigation during dry seasons

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
High establishment costs associated with reduced maintenance costs both in the short, medium and long term.	Adapt low cost practices for those starting and integrate with time and for those with low incomes.
Associated with high prevalence of pests and diseases. Risky to spray during flowering season.	Close monitoring of the field all the time. Seek technical advice from the extension worker.
Labour intensive at the time of establishment.	Supplement with family labour.

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Do Trees on Farms Improve Household Well-Being? Evidence From National Panel Data in Uganda, Daniel, C.Miller,September 2020.2020.0010

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

On-line. Free of cost.