1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

Scaling-up SLM practices by smallholder farmers (IFAD)

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

CDE Centre for Development and Environment (CDE Centre for Development and Environment) - 瑞士

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

12/05/2017

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Teak commonly refered to as Tectona grandis is preferred as a timber species in Northern Uganda by both small, medium and large scale farmers. A teak plantation is normally established for purposes of providing timber and income but also sequester atmospheric carbon dioxide and act as wind break.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

To establish this practice, the land-user puts into consideration the following: pitting at a depth of 3.5 inch, trees to be planted and spaced at 3 metres x 3 meters using the following inputs: tree seedlings, wheelbarrow, hoes, pangas and labour.

During the process, the tree stems are cut at 30cm length and planted. The stem is placed upright and later covered with soil. If there is adequate rain then some tip of the stem is left exposed but if rainfall is inadequate then the stem tip is covered in order for the plant to have enough moisture for its growth. It takes two weeks for the tip to get exposed on the surface when fully covered. The plant automatically appears with two leave lets.

The leaves when exposed to excessive sunlight can dry up and this retards its growth. This may require watering by the land user. At the early stage, the teak plantation can be inter cropped with beans and other crops such as sesame since the teak plantation has not yet formed a big canopy. This can be done for two years and later only slashing within the plantation needs to be done to maintain the plantation. The dry fallen leaves also kill weeds hence easing maintenance work. The trees are to be protected from fire outbreaks during dry season. In the month of November, fire lines are to be created and the dry leaves collected to mulch the plantation.

The cost of establishing a Teak plantations is high in the first 2-3 years but reduces significantly after first thinning. The cost of weeding can be reduced by spot-weeding of seedlings up to age 3 years, after which slashing or spraying with herbicides, usually Round-up is used for weed control. Wood from thinning is also sold as firewood or construction poles to recover some the establishment costs.

Shedding of teak leaves is heavy during the dry season and this causes a risk of fire. It’s advisable at this stage that the land user puts in place fire lines, an open space of 6 meters to separate the plantation into compartments in order to restrict fire from spreading from one part to another part.

Teak plantations are good at responding to dry conditions and can provide high-quality timber which in turn provides income. Teak trees provide hardwood timber, poles and modify the micro-climate through evapotranspiration. Fencing is done using bulb wires to avoid damage by wild animals and encroachments. The teak trees occupy land for a long period of time that can be used for other purposes like planting food crops. The piled dry teak leaves may harbour dangerous animals like snakes. Community members also complain about too much rainfall brought about by the plantation.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

注明实施年份:

2009

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过土地使用者的创新

注释（项目类型等）:

The land user copied the technique of teak planting from his friend in Arua District.

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 改良生产
• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化
• 降低灾害风险
• 适应气候变化/极端天气及其影响
• 减缓气候变化及其影响
• 创造有益的经济影响

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

如果由于技术的实施而导致土地用途发生变化，则在技术实施前说明土地利的用途。:

Crop land garden for sesame growing.

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

注释:

improved variety drought resistant and fast maturing

每年的生长季节数:

• 1

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 森林种植管理

3.5 技术传播

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 均匀地分布在一个区域

如果该技术均匀地分布在一个区域上，请注明覆盖的大致区域。:

• < 0.1 平方千米（10 公顷）

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

Firelines to prevent fire out breaks during the dry season.

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 防止土地退化
• 减少土地退化

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

Teak is planted on a gently sloping natural environment with pitting done at a depth of 3.5 inch Trees are spaced at 3 metres x 3 meters using the following in puts: tree seedlings, wheel barrow hoe, pangas and labour.

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本和投入是如何计算的:

• 每个技术区域

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

UGX

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	Site clearing for nursery bed	植物性的	dry and wet
2.	Ploughing	植物性的	wet season
3.	Pitting	植物性的	wet season
4.	Planting	植物性的	wet season

注释:

Constant weeding and slashing is needed.

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Hired labours	Manday	30.0	3000.0	90000.0	100.0
设备	Ox-plough	pieces	1.0	280000.0	280000.0	100.0
设备	Pangas	pieces	15.0	10000.0	150000.0	100.0
设备	Axes	pieces	7.0	15000.0	105000.0	100.0
设备	String for lining	bundle	2.0	10000.0	20000.0	100.0
植物材料	Teak-seedlings	Stem	6000.0	1000.0	6000000.0	100.0
技术建立所需总成本					6645000.0

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	Hiring plantation manager	管理	dry and wet
2.	Weeding for 2years after planting	管理	wet season
3.	Slashing only after 2years	管理	dry and wet
4.	Prunning	管理	wet season
5.	Thining	管理	wet season
6.	Fenching the plantation	管理	dry and wet
7.	Creating firelines during dry seasons	管理	dry season
8.	spraying	管理	wet and dry season

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Plantation watchman	acres	2.0	150000.0	300000.0	100.0
劳动力	Labour for fenching	acres	8.0	100000.0	800000.0	100.0
设备	Poles for fenching	acres	790.0	2000.0	1580000.0	100.0
设备	Bulb wires	bundle	4.0	150000.0	600000.0	100.0
设备	Fellkin (for termites)	bottles	5.0	7000.0	35000.0	100.0
技术维护所需总成本					3315000.0

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

说明该技术是否专门应用于:

• 不相关

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

Flat landscape supports mechanisation

5.3 土壤

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

水的盐度有问题吗？:

否

该区域正在发生洪水吗？:

否

关于水质和水量的注释和进一步规范:

The community uses borehole water which is suitable for consumption.

5.5 生物多样性

关于生物多样性的注释和进一步规范:

Variety of wild species exists

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 个人，未命名

土地使用权:

• 个人

用水权:

• 社区（有组织）

注释:

Land user has to acquire land title for security purposes.

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

土壤

生物多样性:植被、动物

减少气候和灾害风险

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	气候变化/极端天气的类型	该技术是如何应对的？
年温度		增加	适度
季节性温度	旱季	增加	适度
年降雨量		减少	适度
季雨量	湿季/雨季	减少	适度

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

气象灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
局地暴雨	适度
局地风暴	适度

气候灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
干旱	适度
森林火灾	不好
陆地火灾	不好

生物灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
流行病	适度
昆虫/蠕虫侵扰	适度

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

注释:

After five years the poles can be harvested for construction and income purposes

6.5 技术采用

• 1-10%

如若可行，进行量化（住户数量和/或覆盖面积）:

02

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发地采用该技术，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 90-100%

6.6 适应

最近是否对该技术进行了修改以适应不断变化的条件？:

否

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
The technology is good at providing income from sale of branches, timber and poles.
The technology is good at creating good neighborhood since it marks boundaries clearly.
The technology is good at modifying micro climate.
Very good at improving biodiversity.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
The technology prevents land conflict since firelines are established to reduce fire out breaks.
Dry leaves provided by teak as litter is good for mulching hence increasing productivity.
The technology is good at providing cool and pleasant environment.
Initial costs of implementation high

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Fire outbreak during the dry season	Creating fire lines during dry season
Negative attitude from other community members	Encouraging tree plantation among community members.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Teak takes long to mature	At least poles can be sold after five years

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.3 链接到网络上可用的相关信息

标题/说明:

Forest plantations and woodlots in Kenya

URL:

https://www.sifi.se/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Forest-plantations-and-woodlots-in-Kenya.pdf