1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

Scaling-up SLM practices by smallholder farmers (IFAD)

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

CDE Centre for Development and Environment (CDE Centre for Development and Environment) - 瑞士

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Pigs are kept to produce manure used for soil fertility improvement and household income.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

Pig farming has become a popular and lucrative business among farmers in Northern Uganda. It is considered to be a quick means of improving soil fertility and household incomes, thus improving land productivity and reducing poverty.

Pigs are normally fed reguraly on maize bran purchased or maize grain produced as the most common food ration but could also benefit from having a ratio with protein from soybeans produced on farm, and home-made feeds mainly in the form of cassava, brew waste and potatoes as well as adequate supply of drinking water for purposes of fattening, animal manure and income provision.

10-12 pigs are kept in a pen measuring 6 to 8 m wide, 8 m long and 3.5 m high with a space for feeding and bedding. The materials needed for constructing the pen are iron sheets, wood, and nails. Sanitation in pig farming is important in order to keep the pigs disease-free. Therefore, a mechanism for easy cleaning and removal of waste is necessary for any type of pig housing using sawdust. The farmer uses simple local brooms, basins, and buckets to clean and remove manure on a daily basis and applied in nearby gardens
After five to seven months, pigs are likely to have attained an ideal market weight of more than 70 – 100kg. The farmer may decide to sell or slaughter for meat. Compared to most livestock species, pigs have a higher turnover rate due to a shorter gestation period in addition to providing manure which the farmer applies on the gardens to increase soil fertility for increased food production. Pigs also have higher returns on investment due to a larger litter size and higher feed conversion ratio. These factors make pig farming a more profitable livestock enterprise, since more meat is produced and sold in a shorter period, relative to other domestic animals.
However, the farmer needs to be aware that pigs are easily attacked by bacteria and virus related diseases, which result into diarrhoea, leading to death. Treatment requires high-level skills, which may need the attention of an extension worker to provide advisory services and treatment in case they fall sick.

2.3 技术照片

2.4 技术视频

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

注明实施年份:

2015

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 不到10年前（最近）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过土地使用者的创新
• 通过项目/外部干预

注释（项目类型等）:

Started as a Model farmer under National Agricultural Advisory services (NAADS).

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 改良生产
• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化
• 适应气候变化/极端天气及其影响
• 创造有益的经济影响

• Improve learning with the community on tithered livestock mangement for manure

3.4 供水

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

注释:

Have two rainy season. November to December and March to May.

3.5 该技术所属的SLM组

• 农畜综合管理
• 土壤肥力综合管理

• Piggery

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

Pigs provide manure which is applied on maize field to increase production. Maize corn is fed to Pigs.

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 防止土地退化
• 修复/恢复严重退化的土地

注释:

Through use and application of manure from the tethered animals.

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本和投入是如何计算的:

• 每个技术区域

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

UGX

如相关，注明美元与当地货币的汇率（例如1美元=79.9巴西雷亚尔）：1美元=:

3400.0

4.3 技术建立活动

	活动	时间（季度）
1.	Select site where to put pigs	Once before establishment
2.	Build a pen for pigs	Once before establishment
3.	Look for inputs	Once during estabslsihment/ routine
4.	Purchase pigs	Once during establsihment
5.	Put pigs in the pen	Once during establlsihment
6.	Feedding pigs	Daily
7.	Watering pigs	Daily
8.	Spraying pigs	Weekly

4.4 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Persons days on monthly basis	persons	4.0	210000.0	840000.0	100.0
设备	Nails	kgs	10.0	2500.0	25000.0	100.0
设备	Hoes	Pieces	1.0	10000.0	10000.0	100.0
设备	Spade	Pieces	1.0	10000.0	10000.0	100.0
设备	Wheel barrow	Pieces	1.0	75000.0	75000.0	100.0
设备	Iron sheets	pieces	6.0	20000.0	120000.0	100.0
肥料和杀菌剂	Pestcide	litres	5.0	15000.0	75000.0
施工材料	Poles	Pieces	20.0	5000.0	100000.0	100.0
施工材料	wood	pieces	15.0	5000.0	75000.0	100.0
其它	Feeds on weekly basis	kgs	100.0	3000.0	300000.0	100.0
技术建立所需总成本					1630000.0

注释:

Labour costs are high during estabslishment and it is reduced over time.

4.5 维护/经常性活动

	活动	时间/频率
1.	Cleaning and removing manure	Daily
2.	Giving drinking water to pigs	Daily
3.	Spraying the pigs	Weekly
4.	Feeding the pigs	Daily
5.	Manure application in the field to improve soil fertility	Weekly

4.6 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	persons days on monthly basis	persons	4.0	210000.0	840000.0	100.0
劳动力						100.0
技术维护所需总成本					840000.0

注释:

High costs of labour because its routine compared to costs of equipment which are purchased during establishment.

4.7 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

Labour takes most of the costs because its required regularly during establishment and maintenance.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

说明该技术是否专门应用于:

• 凹陷情况

5.3 土壤

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

水的盐度有问题吗？:

否

该区域正在发生洪水吗？:

否

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者使用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 个人，未命名

土地使用权:

• 社区（有组织）

用水权:

• 自由进入（无组织）

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

水资源可用性和质量

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

土壤

生物多样性:植被、动物

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	增加或减少	该技术是如何应对的？
年温度		增加	适度
季节性温度	湿季/雨季	增加	适度

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

注释:

Short term- High costs on labour and inputs.
Long term - Low costs required only for labour to maintain the technology.

6.5 技术采用

• 11-50%

如若可行，进行量化（住户数量和/或覆盖面积）:

5

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发的，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 51-90%

6.6 适应

最近是否对该技术进行了修改以适应不断变化的条件？:

是

若是，说明它适应了哪些变化的条件:

• 气候变化/极端气候

具体说明技术的适应性（设计、材料/品种等）:

Planted Agroforestry trees ( avocado and calliandra) as feed supplement.

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Can easily be replicated in some other areas.
Cheap to maintain once established: require low costs for maintenance.
Provide manure which is applied on farm for increased maize production.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Rewarding to both small and scale land users in terms of Income from the sale of pigs.
Provide manure for maize production.

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Expensive to feed during the dry season: costly due to shortage of feeds.	Promote alternative farm feeds on farm e.g avocado and calliandra trees.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Easily attacked by bacteria and virus related diseases which result into constant Diarrhoea.	Improve hygiene.
Intensive Labour.	Use both family labour.
Requires some capital which may not be available with the land user who may want to start.	Form saving and loans group/ association. Access agricultural loans for farmers and pay after sale of pigs.

7.1 信息的方法/来源