1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

Scaling-up SLM practices by smallholder farmers (IFAD)

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

CDE Centre for Development and Environment (CDE Centre for Development and Environment) - 瑞士

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Zero grazing by cut and carry feeding. The cows do not graze but are confined inside the stall, feed and water is provided for the animals.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

Due to land fragmentation and conflicts, traditional grazing systems where animals are reared in open grasslands is no longer feasible and sustainable since grassland is limited and stray animals would destroy neighboring crops. Now small holders with limited land but diversified livelihoods have to utilize the available land in full capacity and sustainable ways. For dairy farmers, stall feeding is an innovative and promising system.
In this practice, a Friesian cow and its calf are confined inside the built stall. The stall has four partitions. A Calf room, milking pallor, feeding and drinking area and sleeping room. Within the feeding area is placed a wooden box of width 0.5m, length 1.5m and height 0.3m; into which feed is put for the animal. A half drum that can hold 80 liters of water is also put inside the feeding area. Both the wooden feeder and half drum are raised to a height of 0.5 m above the ground surface to prevent contamination of the feed with dung and urine; and also ensure efficient feed intake.
The farmer cultivated 1 acre of Napier grass (elephant grass), which provides adequate feed for the demands of the cow (75-100 kg of fresh grass per day). The Napier grass is cut, chopped and put inside the wooden box, while water is fetched from the stream and put into the half drum.
Through this method, the animal movement is restricted. This reduces the exposure to parasites such as ticks, and contagious diseases such as East Coast Fever. This practice also reduces land conflicts that would be caused by stray animals destroying crops of neighbors. The animal does not waste energy to look for pasture and water, hence milk productivity is enhanced. Manure is also deposited within the feeding area and thus easy to collect, decompose and apply in both farmers’ crop and pasture fields. Animals do not need to be attended to, hence farmer has more time to rest and carry out other activities.
However, a lot of labor is required for cutting and chopping the grass, and carrying the feeds and water especially during the dry season. Treatment of animals and maintenance of the stall is costly and if management is poor, parasites and diseases can also build up within the stall. Stall feeding requires feed preservation in the form of fermented pasture (silage) and/or dried pasture (hay); stored and to be used for feeding the animals during dry seasons when pasture is dry and of poor quality.
To sustain this technology, the land users can supplement the feed through cultivating multipurpose tree species (Calliandra spp and Grivellia spp), leguminous forages such as lablab spp and macuna beans. Non-conventional feeds such as kitchen wastes (cassava, sweet potato and banana peelings) can also supplement the cut and carried Napier grass.

2.3 技术照片

2.4 技术视频

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

注明实施年份:

2014

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 不到10年前（最近）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过项目/外部干预

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 创造有益的经济影响
• 创造有益的社会影响

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

3.3 由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？

3.4 供水

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

注释:

Use tap water from neighbour(brother) who pump under ground using generator.

Number of growing seasons per year:

2

3.5 该技术所属的SLM组

• 农畜综合管理
• 土壤肥力综合管理

• Stall feeding

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

Cut and carry

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 减少土地退化

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本和投入是如何计算的:

• 每个技术区域

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

UGX

如相关，注明美元与当地货币的汇率（例如1美元=79.9巴西雷亚尔）：1美元=:

3803.0

4.3 技术建立活动

	活动	时间（季度）
1.	looking for land where to plant pasture	During the first rainy season
2.	Looking for labour to clear the land, planting	Once in a year(April-June)
3.	Looking for seed	once before establsihment
4.	Planting the pasture	Daily after establishment
5.	Initial construction of the stall	Once before establishment
6.	Initial construction of of feeding and drinking troughs	Once before establishment
7.	Putting the cow/s in the stall	Once after establishment
8.	Feeding and watering	Daily

4.4 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	labour for transporting wood and cement	Persons	25.0	5000.0	125000.0	70.0
劳动力	Labour for preparing and planting fields	Persons	45.0	5000.0	225000.0	30.0
劳动力	Labour for constructing stall	persons	12.0
设备	Hoe	Pieces	2.0	10000.0	20000.0	100.0
设备	Panga	Pieces	1.0	7000.0	7000.0	100.0
设备	Spranger	Pieces	1.0	10000.0	10000.0	100.0
植物材料	Elephant grass	bundles	5.0	100000.0	500000.0	100.0
植物材料	lab lab	Pieces	4.0	5000.0	20000.0	100.0
植物材料	Mucuna	Pieces	1.0	20000.0	20000.0	100.0
施工材料	Timber	Pieces	40.0	3000.0	120000.0	100.0
施工材料	Cement	bags	10.0	30000.0	300000.0	100.0
施工材料	Logs	Pieces	60.0	3000.0	180000.0	100.0
施工材料	Nails	kgs	10.0	3500.0	35000.0	100.0
其它	Grass to thatch the stall	bundles	24.0	2000.0	48000.0	100.0
技术建立所需总成本					1610000.0
技术建立总成本，美元					423.35

注释:

Some seed like Macuna and brucheria was provided for free

4.5 维护/经常性活动

	活动	时间/频率
1.	Weeding pasture	Three times per year
2.	Repairing of stall	once after establishment and when need
3.	Treatment of cow	When need arises(sick)
4.	Insemination	Once in two years
5.	Spraying	Twice per week
6.	Reseeding	During the rainy season
7.	Replanting of pasture	During the rainy season
8.	Cutting and carrying the grass to the animal	Daily after establishment
9.	Collection of manure	Daily
10.	Applying manure to the garden	Daily
11.	Making silage and hay	During the wet season

4.6 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Labour on daily basis	Persons	3.0	5000.0	15000.0	70.0
劳动力	Hired labour on monthly basis	Persons	2.0	150000.0	300000.0	30.0
设备	Hoe	Pieces	10.0	10000.0	100000.0	100.0
设备	Rake	Pieces	2.0	7000.0	14000.0	100.0
设备	Tauplin	Pieces	1.0	35000.0	35000.0	100.0
设备	Polythene	Rolls	1.0	25000.0	25000.0	100.0
植物材料	pasture for planting	Bundles	43.0	10000.0	430000.0	100.0
其它	Pesticides (monthly)	litres	2.0	12000.0	24000.0	100.0
技术维护所需总成本					943000.0
技术维护总成本，美元					247.96

4.7 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

Labour costs for establishing and maintaining the technology.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

说明该技术是否专门应用于:

• 不相关

5.3 土壤

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

水的盐度有问题吗？:

否

该区域正在发生洪水吗？:

否

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者使用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 个人，未命名

土地使用权:

• 个人

用水权:

• 社区（有组织）

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

水资源可用性和质量

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

土壤

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	增加或减少	该技术是如何应对的？
年温度		增加	适度

注释:

The land user requires more knowledge and skills for sustainability of this technology.

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

注释:

Once established the farmer needs only to pay for labour to cut and carry grass and make silage and hay only.

6.5 技术采用

• 1-10%

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发的，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 0-10%

注释:

Motivated by NGO.

6.6 适应

最近是否对该技术进行了修改以适应不断变化的条件？:

是

若是，说明它适应了哪些变化的条件:

• 气候变化/极端气候

具体说明技术的适应性（设计、材料/品种等）:

During the dry season, the land user seeks fodder from the swamps.

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
The technology is good at providing income for household needs.
The technology is replicable in other areas and helps diversify income source because of the many products derived from the technology.
Does not require labour to attend to it for 12 hours in a day unlike those technologies that concern cultivation. This means the farmer has more time to do other activities in a day.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Appropriate for low maintenance costs.
The technology does not promote conflicts among land users.

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
High costs of treatment.	Reduce risk of infection and infestation.
Veterinary services expensive and not easily available.	Training of local trainers to support extension.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
The technology is not sustainable if not well manged by the land user.	Improve management of the technology.
Requires day to day monitoring of diseases.	Engage household labour to keep alternating.
The land user require skills on how to make concentrates.	Train the land user on how to make concentrates.

7.1 信息的方法/来源