1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

Scaling-up SLM practices by smallholder farmers (IFAD)

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Uganda Landcare Network (ULN) - 乌干达

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

注释:

This is a sustainable energy saving technology.

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Energy-saving stove is a hole dug in the floor of a hut or in the compound. It helps to reduce the quantity of firewood used for cooking by reducing heat loss and ensuring firewood burning for longer time.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

The rate at which forests are disappearing in northern Uganda is so frightening that strategic ameliorative innovations such as reduced wastage of biomass energy need to be envisioned. As such, the technology known as “energy-saving ground stove or energy-efficient ground stove” is being promoted in the region. This technology ensures that (i) smoke is eliminated in the kitchen, thus achieving a healthy environment, (ii) cooking is done faster while the stove retains beat for longer periods, (iii) up to 60% of firewood used with traditional cooking stoves is saved, and (iv) accidents from open fires are prevented.The energy-saving ground stove is constructed by digging a hole inside the kitchen or in the compound. For domestic food preparation, the hole is usually 1 square meter and 15 cm deep. The end where firewood is inserted is about 20 cm wide; while the opposite end where the fire burns is about 30 cm wide. Sometimes, the ground hole is lined with a layer of clay on the floor and walls. During construction, the common wind direction should be noted, especially when the hole is constructed outside the house. Constructing this ground hole does not require much technical skill although making a good one requires some experience. A hand hoe is commonly used for digging the hole, but any ground excavating tool can be used. This technology helps to preserve heat in the soil for further cooking; thus reducing household demand for firewood considerably. Ultimately, this reduces the pressure on deforestation. It also substantially saves women farmers’ precious time, otherwise spent looking for firewood. This technology is particularly important for people who use firewood for cooking, because most energy- saving stoves available in the markets are expensive and require charcoal. Other locally made portable stoves also require charcoal. The challenge with the ground-stove technology is that it is not portable, hence, cannot be moved from one point to another. When constructed outside the kitchen, it becomes filled with water during rainy season, a factor that constrains its sustained use.

2.3 技术照片

2.4 技术视频

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 10-50年前

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 作为传统系统的一部分（> 50 年）

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化
• 保护生态系统

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

Applied at cooking points or inside kitchen.

3.4 供水

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

注释:

Number of growing seasons per year:

2

Specify:

1st rain between mid march to june, 2nd rain between mid july to november

3.5 该技术所属的SLM组

• 节能技术

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Deforestation since the pressure on wood cutting is reduced.

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 减少土地退化
• 适应土地退化

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本和投入是如何计算的:

• 每个技术单元

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

Uganda shillings

如相关，注明美元与当地货币的汇率（例如1美元=79.9巴西雷亚尔）：1美元=:

3600.0

4.3 技术建立活动

	活动	时间（季度）
1.	Identifying a suitable space	anytime
2.	Marking lot	anytime
3.	digging holes	anytime

注释:

this cost has never been incurred as a person would simply perform the task himself or herself

4.4 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	persons	person hours	1.0	2000.0	2000.0	100.0
设备	hand hoe	piece	1.0	10000.0	10000.0	100.0
技术建立所需总成本					12000.0
技术建立总成本，美元					3.33

注释:

for the cost of hand hoe, the land user maynot meet the cost since it may be available within the farmstead

4.5 维护/经常性活动

	活动	时间/频率
1.	removing the ash	once per week
2.	shaping the corners	once a year

注释:

There are no recurrent activities except from reshaping the hole after 2-3 years when it will have lost shape.

4.6 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	personnel	person hours	1.0	2000.0	2000.0	100.0
技术维护所需总成本					2000.0
技术维护总成本，美元					0.56

4.7 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

price of the hoe

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

说明该技术是否专门应用于:

• 不相关

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

applied in the homestead, compound or inside the house/hut

5.3 土壤

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

水的盐度有问题吗？:

否

该区域正在发生洪水吗？:

否

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者使用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 个人，未命名
• 个人，有命名

土地使用权:

• 个人

用水权:

• 社区（有组织）

注释:

they have spring water for drinking

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

社会文化影响

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

对场外影响（测量）的评估进行具体说明:

This technology has indirect impacts on reducing land degradation.

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

• 11-50%

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发的，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 91-100%

注释:

usually common among people brewing alcohol

6.6 适应

最近是否对该技术进行了修改以适应不断变化的条件？:

否

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Less time needed for collecting firewood since wood demand is reduced.
Reduced cutting down of trees since demand for firewood is reduced.
Heat stored in the ground makes food cook very fast.
After cooking, the heat in the soil is used to roast sweet potatoes or cassava.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
The technology is cheap and does not require technical skills.
It can easily be scaled up to highly populated areas since it takes up a very small space.
The technology is cheaper than any portable energy saving stoves available in the market.

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Cannot be moved from one point to another.
If in the compound, rainwater clogs inside it.	Cover it with carpet during rain.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Corners need shaping over time.	Use clay to stabilise corners of the ground hole.

7.1 信息的方法/来源