1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

Scaling-up SLM practices by smallholder farmers (IFAD)

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

National Agricultural Research Organisation (NARO) - 乌干达

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

19/10/2017

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Mixed Cropping of coffee (Coffea Canephora) , banana (Musa) and onions (Allium cepa) is a sustainable traditional land management practice that involves the growing of two or more crops (coffee, banana and onions) at the same time on the same field by smallholder farmers for increased production, food security and household income.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

Coffee, banana and onions mixed cropping; is a traditional practice promoted by smallholder farmers in Uganda established in Bulambuli district, Kibande Sub-county, Kimameli village. The area experiences two growing seasons per year; April up to July and September up to December with rainfall ranging from 1, 0001 mm-1,500 mm on 3.4 ha of land located on a gentle sloping area. The aim of this technology is increasing food production, household income , soil fertility improvement , maximizing crop production in a context of population pressure and declining arable land size.
Banana (Musa) and coffee (Coffea Canephora) plantations were established in 2016 followed by onions (Allium cepa) later in August 2017 with Coffee (Coffea robusta) planted at a spacing of 10 feet apart from Coffee to avoid competition for soil nutrients. Using hoes, pangas, coffee and onion seedlings, banana suckers were inter cropped at the ratio of 1 banana to 4 coffee trees on a 3.4 ha. Coffee trees were pruned initially to create room for the banana plants during their establishment. When coffee and banana were planted simultaneously in the field, onions were grown in between them for one year to provide some income before the banana and coffee were ready for harvesting. To establish such a technology the farmer accomplished the following activities: 1.preparing the garden (labor time: four days with three people), 2.Manure application where compost manure was mixed with soil (labor time: one day by three people), 3. Planting (three days by three people for all the crops), 4.Pruning where relevant adjustments were done regularly to the system (e.g. mature coffee trees are pruned to create space for onions to grow is done every three days by one person), and 5. Weeding since inter cropping requires weeding which should be done manually and not with a hoe because it may accidentally damage the roots of the coffee plant.
What is liked about this technology is that its very good according to the farmer’s experience. It is applied on a small piece of land and it incorporates many crops which helps to improve soil fertility, increase crop yield which generates more income and food for consumption. There is also good utilization of labor as a farmer will work on all the crops simultaneously. The farmer testified that bananas provide shade, mulch, nutrients and moisture to young coffee trees. These beneficial effects may particularly be relevant to increase the resilience of the coffee production systems when temperature increases and rainfall becomes more erratic due to climate change. On the other hand coffee being a perennial crop, it requires high levels of initial investment (i.e. labor and capital) with a 10 - 15 years time horizon. The extended time period before realization of economic benefits usually discourages land users from adopting coffee inter cropping with other crops. Also, coffee creates shade which does not favor the growth of maize, beans and tomatoes in the same land, hence there’s competition between the crops for nutrients.

2.3 技术照片

2.4 技术视频

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

注明实施年份:

2017

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过土地使用者的创新
• 通过项目/外部干预

注释（项目类型等）:

Land user knew about the technology but he was motivated through projects

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 改良生产
• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化
• 保护生态系统
• 适应气候变化/极端天气及其影响
• 创造有益的经济影响

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

每年的生长季节数:

• 2

具体说明:

March to May and September to December

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 土壤肥力综合管理
• 病虫害综合管理（包括有机农业）
• 家庭花园

3.5 技术传播

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 均匀地分布在一个区域

如果该技术均匀地分布在一个区域上，请注明覆盖的大致区域。:

• < 0.1 平方千米（10 公顷）

注释:

The technology is practiced on 3.5 hectares.

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 防止土地退化
• 减少土地退化

注释:

The technology prevents and reduces land degradation through reduced soil erosion and soil exposure and increase soil cover.

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

Banana and coffee plantations were established in 2016 and onions added later in August 2017. This practice is carried out on 3.4 ha.
Coffee is the major crop planted with spacing of 3m x 3m, then banana was intercropped at the ratio of 1 banana to 4 coffee trees.
The coffee trees were pruned initially to create room for the banana plants during their establishment. When coffee and banana were planted simultaneously in the field, onions were grown in between them for one year to provide some income before the banana and coffee were ready for harvesting.

The activities and labor demands include:
Digging holes and preparing the garden (labour time: 4 days by 3 people).
Manure application where compost manure was mixed with soil (labour time: 1 day by 3 people).
Planting (3 days by 3 people for all the crops).
Pruning where relevant adjustments are done regularly to the system (e.g. mature coffee trees are pruned to create space for onions to grow is done every three days by one person).
Labor costs are 5000 Uganda shillings per person a day.
Coffee takes three years for the first harvest to happen, onions take four months to grow - here harvesting is continuous.

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本和投入是如何计算的:

• 每个技术区域

具体说明成本计算所用货币:

• 美元

注明美元与当地货币的汇率(如相关):1美元=:

3600.0

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	Digging/ Garden preparation	农业学的	1 week before the rains
2.	Fertilizer Application	农业学的	2 days
3.	Planting	农业学的	Before onset of rains
4.	Spraying	农业学的	Every after two weeks
5.	Prunning	农业学的	monthly
6.	Harvesting	农业学的	Seasonal

注释:

Harvesting onions is done every after three months.

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Digging/Garden preparations	man days	4.0	1.39	5.56	100.0
劳动力	Planting	man days	4.0	1.39	5.56	100.0
劳动力	Spraying	man days	1.0	1.39	1.39	100.0
劳动力	Pruning	man days	1.0	1.39	1.39	100.0
设备	Hoes	Piece	4.0	2.78	11.12	100.0
设备	Pangas	Piece	2.0	2.78	5.56	100.0
设备	Wheelbarrow	Piece	1.0	33.4	33.4	100.0
设备	Sprayer pump	Piece	1.0	13.9	13.9	100.0
植物材料	Onions Seeds	kilograms	2.0	1.94	3.88	100.0
植物材料	Coffee seedlings	pieces	2000.0	0.83	1660.0	100.0
植物材料	Banana suckers	pieces	2000.0	0.83	1660.0	100.0
肥料和杀菌剂	Animal Manure	Trip	1.0	22.3	22.3	100.0
肥料和杀菌剂	NPK Mineral fertiliser	Kilograms	5.0	0.84	4.2	100.0
肥料和杀菌剂	Herbicides	litres	2.0	3.34	6.68	100.0
肥料和杀菌剂	Pesticides	litres	2.0	4.17	8.34	100.0
技术建立所需总成本					3443.28

如果土地使用者负担的费用少于100%，请注明由谁负担其余费用:

The land user incurred all the costs

注释:

The farmer got a loan from the village saving loan group to establish the technology

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	Weeding	管理	weekly
2.	Spraying	管理	weekly
3.	Pruning	管理	monthly

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Weeding	Man Days	2.0	2.8	5.6	100.0
劳动力	Spraying	Man Days	1.0	2.8	2.8	100.0
设备	Spray Pump	piece	1.0	1.39	1.39	100.0
设备	Hoes	pieces	2.0	2.78	5.56	100.0
肥料和杀菌剂	NPK Fertiliser	Kilograms	8.0	1.39	11.12	100.0
肥料和杀菌剂	Dudu cyper (pesticide)	litres	2.0	1.39	2.78	100.0
肥料和杀菌剂	Dythene (herbicide)	kilograms	2.0	6.95	13.9	100.0
技术维护所需总成本					43.15

注释:

The land user incurs all the costs.

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

Fertilizers are very expensive to be applied monthly

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

说明该技术是否专门应用于:

• 不相关

5.3 土壤

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

水的盐度有问题吗？:

否

该区域正在发生洪水吗？:

否

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

The farmer's main source of income is agriculture.

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 个人，有命名

土地使用权:

• 个人

用水权:

• 自由进入（无组织）

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

水资源可用性和质量

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	气候变化/极端天气的类型	该技术是如何应对的？
年降雨量		减少	适度
季雨量	湿季/雨季	减少	适度

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

气象灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
局地暴雨	适度

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

• 1-10%

如若可行，进行量化（住户数量和/或覆盖面积）:

Three farmers in the area.

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发地采用该技术，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 90-100%

注释:

All the farmers who adopted the technology used their personal investments.

6.6 适应

最近是否对该技术进行了修改以适应不断变化的条件？:

是

若是，说明它适应了哪些变化的条件:

• 不断变化的市场

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
The technology suppresses weed growth
The technology reduces soil erosion.
Yield and income advantage as the farmer gains from more than one crop from the same plot. Income recived is invested in buying tree seedlings
Reduced crop failure as there is no total crop failure

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
The technology helps the farmer to grow many crops on a small piece of land.
Technology can be promoted by other farmers with same pieces of land or more.
It increases crop yield which generates more income and food for consumption.

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
The technology has too much shade, so other crops cannot grow for example maize and beans.	The farmer should continue to grow onions instead of maize and beans
The technology is expensive to establish because high investments need to be made.	The land user should find financial assistance like savings co-operatives.
The technology is a long term investment since it involves coffee and banana.	The farmer should buy or rent some other land to be in position to grow other crops.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Competition between the crops for nutrients and sunlight.	Proper selection of crops to inter-crop for example inter-crop deep rooted with shallow rooted crops.
The soil is highly depleted of its nutrients as more than one crop is planted.	Inter cropping with some nutrient fixing crops and addition of manure.
There is also more work required at the start of the cultivation and harvesting.	Proper selection of crops to inter-crop and the right spacing.

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.3 链接到网络上可用的相关信息

标题/说明:

Annual Weather in Bulambuli District

URL:

https://weatherspark.com/y/98128/Average-Weather-in-Bulambuli-Uganda-Year-Round