1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

Soil protection and rehabilitation for food security (ProSo(i)l)

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

CIAT International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT International Center for Tropical Agriculture) - 肯尼亚

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

1.5 参考关于SLM方法（使用WOCAT记录的SLM方法）的调查问卷

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Crop residue management involves leaving stover and other trash from cereal crops (including tef, wheat and maize), as well as haulms of legumes, in the field. Crop residues keep the soil covered, retain organic matter and moisture in the soil, and help to ensure better production.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

Crop residue management involves leaving stover and other trash from cereal crops (including tef, wheat and maize), as well as haulms of legumes, in the field. Crop residue (CR) management is integral to soil health: it yields multiple benefits such as mitigating the risks of soil loss to water erosion, reducing the decomposition of organic matter and storing extra carbon. It also increases the fertility status of degraded soils and helps to improve soil structure and moisture properties. Degraded soils are at risk of tillage, water, and wind erosion. Soils degrade quickly when not covered and when no effort is made to increase organic matter levels or improve soil structure. Crop residue management plays an important role in arresting soil degradation and improving soil properties, and eventually increasing crop production. Therefore, it has positive economic and ecological functions. The aim of applying this technology is to improve soil fertility, reduce soil acidity and demands for synthetic fertilizers. Overall, crop residue management allows land users to sustainably use their land over a long period without losing its productive potential. In this part of Ethiopia, land users used to leave maize and millet stover in the fields but this is challenged by the prevalence of free (open access) grazing. Thus, controlling grazing is one prerequisite to ensuring adoption of the technology. Monocropping also reduces biomass production. Land users appreciate the extra grain yields from crop residue-rich farms. CR management also retains moisture and enables early tillage operations. In summary, the application of appropriate CR management provides multiple benefits. It mitigates the risks of erosion, reduces excessive mining of CR, reduces the rate of decomposition of organic matter, increases the fertility status of degraded soils, and increases crop production and sustainable productivity.

2.3 技术照片

2.4 技术视频

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

注明实施年份:

2015

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 不到10年前（最近）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 作为传统系统的一部分（> 50 年）
• 通过项目/外部干预

注释（项目类型等）:

Integrated Soil Fertility Management Project (ISFM+) of the GIZ.

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 改良生产
• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化
• 保护生态系统
• 保持/提高生物多样性
• 创造有益的经济影响

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

同一土地单元内混合使用的土地：:

否

3.3 由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？

由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？:

• 否（继续问题3.4）

3.4 供水

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

3.5 该技术所属的SLM组

• 农畜综合管理
• 改良的地面/植被覆盖
• 土壤肥力综合管理

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

With tillage, the crop residue is incorporated well into the soil system. It improves soil structure by contributing organic matter with the benefits of facilitating infiltration and reducing surface runoff.

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 减少土地退化
• 修复/恢复严重退化的土地

注释:

It ensures the sustainable productivity potential of the soil.

4.2 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本和投入是如何计算的:

• 每个技术区域

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

ETB

如相关，注明美元与当地货币的汇率（例如1美元=79.9巴西雷亚尔）：1美元=:

53.12

4.3 技术建立活动

	活动	时间（季度）
1.	Mowing the crop by leaving some proportion on the ground.	Harvesting
2.	Keep of livestock grazing	Dry season
3.	Plow over the crop residue early on.	Late in the dry season.

4.4 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

注释:

The technology needs changing the mindset of the land users than the money/finance for the establishment and maintenance of it. Uniform distribution of rainfall is essential to plan the plowing time to incorporate the residue well into the soil.

4.5 维护/经常性活动

	活动	时间/频率
1.	Keep the farm with crop residue intact from livestock	During off-season.

注释:

Prohibiting the use of a proportion of crop residue for fuel, construction, and livestock feed is enough to put in place the technology.

4.6 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

如果您无法分解上表中的成本，请估算维护该技术所需要的总成本。:

2500.0

注释:

Allocated some money just to keep off the interference of livestock to the farmland during the off-season. The cost can be covered by land users themselves but need awareness creation on SLM using crop residue as one of the best practices.

4.7 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

Change of the cost is related to the inflation and economic instability.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

Since the farming at stallholder level is manual using traction power, the introduction of this technology is not obstructed by the topography as long as the land is under farming.

5.3 土壤

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

水的盐度有问题吗？:

否

该区域正在发生洪水吗？:

否

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

The land users engage in livestock business as off-farm income.

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者使用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 州
• 个人，有命名

土地使用权:

• 个人

用水权:

• 自由进入（无组织）
• 社区（有组织）

土地使用权是否基于传统的法律制度？:

是

具体说明:

The land is inherited from the predecessors, though there was a land reallocation program in the past.

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

注释:

Land users are benefited from various financial institutions to access credit and other services. Various credit institutions and revolving funds were mentioned my the land users.

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

水资源可用性和质量

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

生物多样性:植被、动物

减少气候和灾害风险

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	增加或减少	该技术是如何应对的？
年温度		增加	好
季节性温度	旱季	增加	好
年降雨量		减少	好

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

生物灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
流行病	未知
昆虫/蠕虫侵扰	不好

其他气候相关的后果

其他气候相关的后果

	该技术是如何应对的？
延长生长期	好
缩短生长期	非常好

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

注释:

Actually, the technology demands only labor costs for the protection of the farmland from grazing the leftover and to avoid illegal burning of crop residues.

6.5 技术采用

• 11-50%

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发的，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 91-100%

注释:

Land users adopted the practice and plow over the crop residue when the first shower of rainfall intercepted.

6.6 适应

最近是否对该技术进行了修改以适应不断变化的条件？:

否

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
It improves soil fertility on gradual basis.
It assists to reduce soil acidity.
Increases production and productivity.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Absorbs and retain soil moisture for the crop to rely on for growth and grain filling as a coping mechanism to the unpredictable distribution of rainfall.
It reduces soil temperature and smother the weeds.
Sequesters carbon, a beneficial for climate change/variability.

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Create tillage inconvenience as mechanization is less common among smallholders.	Using the excessive residue as trash line support the purpose of soil and water conservation.
Free grazing system and multiple uses of crop residue challenges retention of crop residue.	Institutionalizing controlled grazing system is of paramount important.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Less fodder available for the livestock and other multiple uses of crop residues.	Limit the amount of crop residue to be retained on the farm to 15 to 30 percent of the total non-grain biomass produced in the farm.

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Renard, C. 1997. Crop Residues in Sustainable Mixed Crop/Livestock Farming Systems. CAB International, Walingford. ISBN 0 851991777

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

https://core.ac.uk › download ›

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

IIRR and ACT. 2005. Conservation Agriculture. A manual for farmers and extension workers in Africa. International Institute of Rural Agriculture, Nairobi; African Conservation Tillage Network, Harare.

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

http://www.act-africa.org ›

7.3 链接到网络上的相关信息

标题/说明:

Best management practices: residue management

URL:

http://omaf.gov.on.ca/english/environment/bmp/AF179.pdf

7.4 一般注释

Similar to any other technologies. some questions in the questionnaire are not relevant to this particular technology. Meaning, the technology doesn't address every issue stated therein.