1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

1.5 参考关于SLM方法（使用WOCAT记录的SLM方法）的调查问卷

The 4-Wheels Approach for sustainable scaling [突尼斯]

The 4-Wheels Approach addresses the challenge of slow adoption of agricultural innovations among smallholder farmers by establishing Knowledge Hubs and partnerships with diverse stakeholders. The focus is on income-generating technologies and essential factors behind successful scaling up of innovations, ultimately driving agricultural modernization and sustainability.

• 编制者： Joren Verbist
• 08/03/2023 4:33 p.m.

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

The mobile seed cleaning machine improves the livelihoods of smallholder farmers in Tunisia by significantly enhancing seed quality, increasing crop production, reducing workload and costs, and promoting local value chains and social cohesion.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

In Tunisia and Algeria, the agricultural system is characterized by low levels of mechanization, particularly among small and medium-sized farmers who cannot afford expensive imported machines. As a result, a substantial amount of manual labour is required to carry out various agricultural operations, such as seed cleaning, which is traditionally done by women and children. While seed production is often done by large suppliers, this does not always satisfy the demand. Therefore, many smallholder farmers in Tunisia prefer to use their own seeds, despite the time-consuming manual cleaning process and the risk of lower quality.
To address these issues, the International Center for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas (ICARDA) collaborated with national partners to develop a mobile seed cleaning machine for small-scale farmers. The prototype, designed and tested with input from a local manufacturer, is suitable for the primary field crops (such as wheat, barley, vetch, and faba beans) in Tunisia. The machine sort out damaged or small seeds and rock or pebbles, while treating the remaining seeds by removing contamination or weeds, to ensuring quality and longer shelf-life.
The mobile seed cleaning machine, with a capacity of approximately 800 kilograms per hour depending on the seed type, was distributed to four farmer cooperatives, serving a total of 1,000 small-scale farmers. In order to promote ownership, the farmers contributed to a portion of the costs and received training on how to operate the machine effectively.
When using the mobile seed cleaning machine, farmers have the option to choose between two methods: solely cleaning the seeds or cleaning and treating them. The cost for cleaning alone is around 2 Tunisian Dinar per 100 kilograms, while the cost for both cleaning and treating, which includes the application of a fungicide, is 8 Tunisian Dinar per 100 kilograms. Life time is estimated between 5 and 10 years and worn out parts can easily be replaced.
The introduction of the mobile seed cleaning machine has several advantages, including a decrease in workload for women and children, improved production and quality of crops, higher productivity of the land, reduced dependence on imported seeds and machinery, and the promotion of local value chains and social cohesion through cooperative ownership and utilization of the machines.
However, there are still some challenges to overcome. For example, the initial prototype required heavy bags of seeds to be lifted to a height of two meters, leading to additional labour requirements and reduced efficiency. This challenge was addressed by equipping the machine with a conveyor screw, which can double its capacity at an additional cost. Additionally, the cost of purchasing the machine can be a significant investment for farmers, but this can be overcome through collective buying and organizing themselves in cooperatives.
In conclusion, the mobile seed cleaning machine represents an innovative solution that improves the (local) value chain and livelihoods of smallholder farmers in Tunisia by reducing workload and costs, particularly for women and children. This technology has the potential to be scaled up and benefit other regions and cooperatives.

ICARDA’s work on Small-Scale Seed Cleaning Unit is supported by the CGIAR Research Program on Livestock, the IFAD-Funded CLCA Project, the GIZ SWC@Scale project as part of the ProSol global program, and the CGIAR initiative on Agroecology in Collaboration with National Partners in Tunisia and Algeria (OEP-Tunisia, IRESA-Tunisia, INRAT Tunisia, ITGC-Algeria, GIZ Tunisie, DGACTA-Tunisie)

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

国家:

突尼斯

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 适用于特定场所/集中在较小区域

技术现场是否位于永久保护区？:

否

Map

×

2.6 实施日期

注明实施年份:

2019

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 在实验/研究期间
• 通过项目/外部干预

注释（项目类型等）:

see 2.2

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 改良生产
• 创造有益的经济影响
• 创造有益的社会影响

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

同一土地单元内混合使用的土地：:

否

牧场

粗放式放牧:

• 半游牧畜牧业

集约放牧/饲料生产:

• 收割和携带/零放牧

是否实行作物与牲畜的综合管理？:

是

如果是，请具体说明:

Crops like barley, vetch and faba beans, are cultivated to feed livestock. The manure from livestock is used to fertilize the lands.

产品和服务:

• 肉类
• 奶类

品种:

绵羊

品种:

山羊

3.3 由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？

由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？:

• 否（继续问题3.4）

3.4 供水

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 混合雨水灌溉

3.5 该技术所属的SLM组

• 节能技术
• 收割后的措施

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

农艺措施

• A5：种子管理，改良品种

结构措施

• S10：节能措施

管理措施

• M2：改变管理/强度级别

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 不适用

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

技术规范（与技术图纸相关）:

The seed cleaning machine has the following dimensions:
-Length = 180cm
-Width = 80cm
-Height = 175cm.

Equipped with a high-quality sieve measuring 140cm in length and 65cm in width, the seed cleaning machine ensures that even the smallest impurities are removed from the seeds. With a hopper capacity of 200kg, the machine can accommodate large batches of seeds, allowing for uninterrupted cleaning.

The machine has a cleaning capacity of around 600 till 1000kg/h.

Its lifetime is estimated to be between 5 and 10 years. Worn-out parts are easily replaceable and locally available.

4.2 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本和投入是如何计算的:

• 每个技术单元

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

Tunisian Dinar

如相关，注明美元与当地货币的汇率（例如1美元=79.9巴西雷亚尔）：1美元=:

3.0

4.4 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

4.6 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

注释:

Farmers can choose to only clean or to also treat. Treating consists of applying fungicide as well. Farmers usually pay 2 TD/100kg for only cleaning and 8 TD/100kg for cleaning and treating.
Cleaning (and treating) 100 kilograms of seeds results in 70 kilogram of good useful seeds.

4.7 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

The costs of purchasing the machine is substantial. However, this should be shared among farmers within the cooperation.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

说明该技术是否专门应用于:

• 不相关

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

This innovation can be implemented in many different environments.

5.3 土壤

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

水的盐度有问题吗？:

是

该区域正在发生洪水吗？:

否

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

This innovation also affects the children of the land users because the children are often the ones who do the seed cleaning

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者使用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 个人，未命名
• 个人，有命名

土地使用权:

• 个人

用水权:

• 社区（有组织）
• 个人

土地使用权是否基于传统的法律制度？:

是

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

收入和成本

社会文化影响

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

生物灾害

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

• 1-10%

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发的，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 0-10%

6.6 适应

最近是否对该技术进行了修改以适应不断变化的条件？:

否

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Rudiger, U., Zaiem, A., Idoudi, Z., Frija, A., Rekik, M. and Taher, A. 2021. Mobile seed cleaning and treatment unit improves forage seed quality and quantity and presents a successful business model for farmer cooperatives. Business Model Brief. Nairobi, Kenya: ILRI.

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

https://hdl.handle.net/10568/116748

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Aymen, F., Idoudi, Z., Rudiger, U. and Rekik, M. 2020. Collaboration between ICARDA projects and linkages to IFAD investment portfolio for enhancing seeds quality and forage production through entrepreneurship and farmers associations. Some examples from ICARDA activities in Tunisia. Lebanon: International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA)

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

https://repo.mel.cgiar.org/handle/20.500.11766/11134

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Rudiger, U. 2020. Report on small mobile seed treatment units for cooperatives in Tunisia

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11766/12323

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Udo Rudiger. (15/12/2020). Workshop with beneficiaries.

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11766/12556

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Frija, A., et al. 2022. Soil Protection and Rehabilitation of Degraded Soil for Food Security – ProSol: Towards the Effective Scaling of Soil and Water Conservation Technologies under Different Agroecosystems in North and Central West Tunisia – SWC@Scale/ProSol: Technical Progress Report/ January – August 2022. Beirut, Lebanon: International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA)

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11766/67835

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Idoudi, Z. 2020. Encouraging Entrepreneurship with Mobile Grinders and Seed Cleaning Machines

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

https://www.icarda.org/media/blog/encouraging-entrepreneurship-mobile-grinders-and-seed-cleaning-machines

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Idoudi, Z., Najjar, D., Rekik, M., Frija, A. 2022. Integrating Gender in the Use of Conservation Agriculture for Crop and Livestock System (CLCA). Beirut, Lebanon: International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA)

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11766/67126

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Rekik, M., Frija, A., Idoudi, Z. 2022. Overview of CLCA Main Achievements in NA and LAC Countries. Beirut, Lebanon: International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA)

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11766/68177

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Rudiger, U., Zaiem, A., Idoudi, Z., Frija, A., Rekik, M. and Taher, A. 2021. Mobile seed cleaning and treatment unit improves forage seed quality and quantity and presents a successful business model for farmer cooperatives. Business Model Brief. Nairobi, Kenya: ILRI

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

https://hdl.handle.net/10568/116748