1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.5 参考关于SLM方法（使用WOCAT记录的SLM方法）的调查问卷

Strategies of traditional shifting cultivation [孟加拉国]

Tradtional appraoch to jhuming involving tribal institutions and traditonal knowledge based technologies.

• 编制者： Abdul Gafur
• 12/31/2008 midnight

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Traditional shifting cultivation is a rain-fed cultivation practice of the trible people of CHT (Chittagong Hill Tracts) for their subsistence, where natural vegetation is cleared off by slash-and-burn, to grow mixed annual crop for one year and then the land is left fallow for 3-5 years for natural regeneration.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

Jhum or Shifting cultivation is an age-old hill farming practice of CHT as elsewhere in the world, especially in the hilly region of the tropics and sub-tropics covering different agro-ecological zones. In this system the plant nutrients, which are gradually released in the soil, added from the atmosphere or from dust or silt deposition, accumulates in the fallow vegetation and in the soil during the fallow period. It is then utilized over a shorter period of time than the period of accumulation. In this rain-fed cultivation system an area is cleared off from natural vegetation by slash-and-burn, cropped for one or two years and then allowed to revert to natural vegetation. After some years, the area may be cleared and cropped again in the similar manner, but not necessarily within the same boundaries, nor by the same farmers.

This is a mixed cropping system of the ethnic people of CHT for their sustainable food supply . In Jhum system sowing and weeding are done without major topsoil disturbance using simple tools. Jhumias grow mixed crops like upland paddy, maize, sesame, flower, chilli , sour leaf, cucurbits, beans, turmeric, ginger, cotton, etc together but harvest the crops in succession. This cultivation system is not environment friendly as it declines soil fertility, acclerates soil erosion, and reduces biodiversity.

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

国家:

孟加拉国

区域/州/省:

Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT)

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 均匀地分布在一个区域

如果技术均匀分布在一个区域，则指定覆盖的区域（单位为平方千米）:

0.04

如果不知道精确的区域，请注明大致覆盖的区域:

• 100-1,000 平方千米

注释:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 0.04 km2.

Shifting cultivation is the common practice of the tribal people and covers about 2.5% area of CHT region.

Map

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2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 50多年前（传统）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 作为传统系统的一部分（> 50 年）

注释（项目类型等）:

From old generation

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化
• 保持/提高生物多样性

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

森林/林地

产品和服务:

• 木材
• 薪材

• Shifting cultivation

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Due to scarcity of land for judicial paddy production, the tribals have resorted to use marginal areas of CHT for Jhum. Unlike the past, the fallow period has reduced to 3-5 years from 15-20 years which has led to decline in the soil fertility, acclerated erosion, and diminishing trend of biodiversity.

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Scarcity of plain land for paddy cultivation & no other alternatives for income generation. Besides labour scarcity, lack of financial support, weed & pest controlt, low fertiltiy etc. are the main constraints for optimum crop production.

Number of growing seasons per year: 1
Longest growing period in days: 8; Longest growing period from month to month: May - Dec

3.5 该技术所属的SLM组

• 轮作制度（轮作、休耕、轮垦）

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

农艺措施

• A1：植被和土壤覆盖层
• A3：土壤表面处理

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

物理性土壤退化

• Pu：由于其他活动而导致生物生产功能的丧失

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 防止土地退化

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

Taka

如相关，注明美元与当地货币的汇率（例如1美元=79.9巴西雷亚尔）：1美元=:

58.0

4.3 技术建立活动

4.4 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

注释:

Duration of establishment phase: 12 month(s)

4.5 维护/经常性活动

4.6 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

注释:

The establishment cost referred to per hactare/year. As this is one year's shifting practice, so no recurring cost were incured.

4.7 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

Labor for land preparation (slashing & burning), sowing, weeding, watching and harvesting.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

Slopes on average: Also Moderate, rolling and very steep

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil depth on average: Also deep

Soil fertility is predominant low but can reach up to high

Soil drainage / infiltration is good

Soil water storage capacity is predominant low but can reach up to high

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Population density: 50-100 persons/km2

Annual population growth: 2% - 3%

Off-farm income specification: 75% (engaged in market oriented production system, off-farm labour, business, jobs etc.)

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 州
• 社区/村庄

土地使用权:

• 自由进入（无组织）
• 租赁

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

• 1-10%

如若可行，进行量化（住户数量和/或覆盖面积）:

9 households covering 10 percent of the stated area

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发的，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 91-100%

注释:

100% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

Comments on spontaneous adoption: estimates

There is a little trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

7.1 信息的方法/来源