方法

Strategies of traditional shifting cultivation [孟加拉国]

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approaches_2403 - 孟加拉国

完整性: 75%

1. 一般信息

1.2 参与方法评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

关键资源人员

SLM专业人员:
SLM专业人员:
SLM专业人员:
有助于对方法进行记录/评估的机构名称(如相关)
Soil Resource Development Institute (SRDI) (Soil Resource Development Institute (SRDI)) - 孟加拉国
有助于对方法进行记录/评估的机构名称(如相关)
Society for Environment and Human Development (SEHD) (Society for Environment and Human Development (SEHD)) - 孟加拉国

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

1.4 SLM技术问卷的参考

Traditional Shifting Cultivation
technologies

Traditional Shifting Cultivation [孟加拉国]

Traditional shifting cultivation is a rain-fed cultivation practice of the trible people of CHT (Chittagong Hill Tracts) for their subsistence, where natural vegetation is cleared off by slash-and-burn, to grow mixed annual crop for one year and then the land is left fallow for 3-5 years for natural regeneration.

  • 编制者: Abdul Gafur

2. SLM方法的描述

2.1 该方法的简要说明

Tradtional appraoch to jhuming involving tribal institutions and traditonal knowledge based technologies.

2.2 该方法的详细说明

该方法的详细说明:

Aims / objectives: The main purpose of the approach is to facilitate the tribal population with no cultivable landownership to seek their subsistence by adopting tradtional jhum practice by involving the entire family members. The specific objectives is to ensure site allocation within the communites for jhum and to ensure that the age old knowledge about shifting cultivation is passed on to the next generations.

Methods: The method to achieving this is that the tribals have a very strong local institution comprising of King, Dewan, Head man, and Karbari, priests and the villagers. In case of knowledge transfer, head of a family ensures that he/she passes on the technology information to his/her followers.

Stages of implementation: At evry stage of the implementation of jhum, the landusers are supported by the local institutions and their tradtional custams, attitudes and beliefs.

Role of stakeholders: The tribal institution takes care of the problems encourtered by the landusers during selection of jhum sites and overall activities of jhum.

2.5 采用该方法的国家/地区/地点

国家:

孟加拉国

区域/州/省:

Chittagogn Hill Tracts

2.7 方法的类型

  • 传统/本土

2.8 该方法的主要目的/目标

The Approach focused mainly on SLM with other activities (Slashing, burning, weeding)

The main purpose of the approach is to facilitate the tribal population with no cultivable landownership to seek their subsistence by adopting tradtional jhum practice by involving the entire family members. The specific objectives is to ensure site allocation within the communites for jhum and to ensure that the age old knowledge about shifting cultivation is passed on to the next generations. The method to achieving this is that the tribals have a very strong local institution comprising of King, Dewan, Head man, and Karbari, priests and the villagers. In case of knowledge transfer, head of a family ensures that he/she passes on the technology information to his/her followers. At evry stage of the implementation of jhum, the landusers are supported by the local institutions and their tradtional custams, attitudes and beliefs. The tribal institution takes care of the problems encourtered by the landusers during selection of jhum sites and overall activities of jhum.

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: That the poor triabal communities with no landownership can make a livelihood by jhum practice without any inter/intra commmunity conflicts. It also ensures that outside interference which might threaten the jhumias livelihood is minimised.

2.9 推动或妨碍实施本办法所适用的技术的条件

社会/文化/宗教规范和价值观
  • 阻碍

Lack of ownership, scarcity of judicially cultivated plain land, During site selection.

Treatment through the SLM Approach: Ensure land ownership,Priests advice, local instituion involevment in every steps of Jhuming

财务资源和服务的可用性/可得性
  • 阻碍

Taking more area for jhum and increase inputs, no credit for Jhum.

Treatment through the SLM Approach: They opt for less area and traditional way of cultivation.

机构设置
  • 阻碍

Lack employment opportunities

Treatment through the SLM Approach: Involvement and support from state institutions.

法律框架(土地使用权、土地和水使用权)
  • 启动

The existing land ownership, land use rights / water rights greatly helped the approach implementation: If land tenureship was legalised the tribals may have opted for settled agriculture.

  • 阻碍

No development focus

Treatment through the SLM Approach: Credit facilities may be provided, state ensured landownership.

了解SLM,获得技术支持
  • 阻碍

Scarcity of HYV seeds, fetilizer and pesticide.

Treatment through the SLM Approach: Ensure availability of all farm inputs.

3. 相关利益相关者的参与和角色

3.1 该方法涉及的利益相关者及其职责

  • 社区组织

Specific ethnic groups: Chakma Tribes in the CHT.

The practice as such involves the poor land users. Working land users were mainly men

3.2 当地土地使用者/当地社区参与该方法的不同阶段
当地土地使用者/当地社区的参与 指定参与人员并描述活动
启动/动机
计划 互动 public meetings; Plan within the triabls the distribution of land for jhum.
实施 自我动员 responsibility for major steps; By individual households.
监测/评估 互动 measurements/observations; By the landusers.
Research

3.4 有关SLM技术选择的决策

具体说明谁有权决定选择要实施的技术:
  • 仅限土地使用者(自主)
解释:

Individual household based decision

Decisions on the method of implementing the SLM Technology were made by by land users* alone (self-initiative / bottom-up). In close consultation with the local jhum based institution.

4. 技术支持、能力建设和知识管理

4.1 能力建设/培训

是否为土地使用者/其他利益相关者提供培训?:

明确受训人员:
  • 土地使用者
培训形式:
  • 在职
涵盖的主题:

The family head gives training their off spring.

4.2 咨询服务

土地使用者有权使用咨询服务吗?:

指明是否提供了咨询服务:
  • 在土地使用者的土地上
说明/注释:

Name of method used for advisory service: Jhumia to jhumia hands on extension method.; Key elements: Interaction between two generations., Interactions between jhumia based local institutions., On the job training.; 1) Advisory service was carried out through: landusers 2) Advisory service was carried out through: landusers; e 3) Target groups for extension: land users.

4.3 机构强化(组织发展)

是否通过这种方法建立或加强了机构?:
  • 是,非常
具体说明机构的强化或建立程度:
  • 本地
具体说明支持类型:
  • 能力建设/培训

4.4 监测和评估

监测和评估是该方法的一部分吗?:

注释:

bio-physical aspects were ad hoc monitored through observations

socio-cultural aspects were regular monitored through observations

5. 融资和外部物质支持

5.1 该方法中SLM组成部分的年度预算

注释(例如主要的资助来源/主要捐助者):

Approach costs were met by the following donors: local community / land user(s) (Meetings): 100.0%

5.2 为土地使用者提供财政/物质支援

土地使用者是否获得实施该技术的财政/物质支持?:

5.3 对特定投入的补贴(包括劳动力)

 

5.4 信用

是否根据SLM活动的方法给予信用值?:

6. 影响分析和结论性陈述

6.1 方法的影响

该方法是否帮助土地使用者实施和维护SLM技术?:
  • 是,很少
  • 是,中等
  • 是,支持力度很大
Did other land users / projects adopt the Approach?
  • 是,很少
  • 是,中等
  • 是,支持力度很大

Other tribal communities of CHT (about 12 in number) have a similar approach to jhum.

6.3 方法活动的可持续性

土地使用者能否维持通过该方法实施的措施(无外部支持的情况下)?:

6.4 该方法的长处/优点

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Food security and poverty aleviation. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: They would rather prefer settled agriculture.)
Multiple crop production round the year.
Less costly and less laborious.
Availability of fuel and timber.
编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Inspite of land ownership conflicts, local institutions function efficiently to maintain harmony in the community. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: The strenght of local institutions need to be optimally used by the projects and programs to develop and test better and sustainable production systems from a SWC perspective in CHT.)
Easy to adopt and less costly to implement.
Marginal lands can be used.
Self employment for the entire family.
Ensures food security and poverty elevation.
Multi-crop based production system for the whole year.
Gender equity.
Availability of fuel and timber.
Traditional knowledge based practice.

6.5 该方法的弱点/缺点以及克服它们的方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险 如何克服它们?
Soil degradation and low productivity. Financial support and land rights ensured.
编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险 如何克服它们?
The appraoch promotes soil and land degradation, deforestation and loss of flora and fauna. The landusers should be encoraged to take up settled agriculture ensuring their land rights and logistic supports from liquidity and technical amd material support.

7. 参考和链接

7.1 方法/信息来源

  • 实地考察、实地调查
  • 与土地使用者的访谈

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Sustainability Appraisal of Shifting Cultivation in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh. By Ole K. Borggaard, Abdul Gafur and Leif Petersen.

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

Ambio Vol. 32 No. 2, 118-123, March 2003.

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Runoff and losses of soil and nutrients from small watersheds under shifting cultivation (Jhum) in the CHT of Bangladesh. Abdul Gafur et al. 2003

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

Journal of Hydrology, Volume 274, Issues 1-4, 1 April 2003, Pages 30-46

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Changes in Soil Nutrient Content under Shifting Cultivation in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh. Abdul Gafur, et al. 2000.

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

Danish Journal of Geography 100: 37-46

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