Enfoques

Strategies of traditional shifting cultivation [Bangladesh]

approaches_2403 - Bangladesh

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1. Información general

1.2 Detalles de contacto de las personas de referencia e instituciones involucradas en la evaluación y la documentación del Enfoque

Persona(s) de referencia clave/s

Especialista MST:
Especialista MST:
Especialista MST:
Nombre de la(s) institución(es) que facilitaron la documentación/ evaluación del Enfoque si fuera relevante)
Soil Resource Development Institute (SRDI) (Soil Resource Development Institute (SRDI)) - Bangladesh
Nombre de la(s) institución(es) que facilitaron la documentación/ evaluación del Enfoque si fuera relevante)
Society for Environment and Human Development (SEHD) (Society for Environment and Human Development (SEHD)) - Bangladesh

1.3 Condiciones referidas al uso de datos documentados mediante WOCAT

El compilador y la/s persona(s) de referencia claves aceptan las condiciones acerca del uso de los datos documentados mediante WOCAT :

1.4 Referencia/s al/los Cuestionario(s) de Tecnologías MST

Traditional Shifting Cultivation
technologies

Traditional Shifting Cultivation [Bangladesh]

Traditional shifting cultivation is a rain-fed cultivation practice of the trible people of CHT (Chittagong Hill Tracts) for their subsistence, where natural vegetation is cleared off by slash-and-burn, to grow mixed annual crop for one year and then the land is left fallow for 3-5 years for natural regeneration.

  • Compilador: Abdul Gafur

2. Descripción del Enfoque MST

2.1 Breve descripción del Enfoque

Tradtional appraoch to jhuming involving tribal institutions and traditonal knowledge based technologies.

2.2 Descripción detallada del Enfoque MST

Descripción detallada del Enfoque MST:

Aims / objectives: The main purpose of the approach is to facilitate the tribal population with no cultivable landownership to seek their subsistence by adopting tradtional jhum practice by involving the entire family members. The specific objectives is to ensure site allocation within the communites for jhum and to ensure that the age old knowledge about shifting cultivation is passed on to the next generations.

Methods: The method to achieving this is that the tribals have a very strong local institution comprising of King, Dewan, Head man, and Karbari, priests and the villagers. In case of knowledge transfer, head of a family ensures that he/she passes on the technology information to his/her followers.

Stages of implementation: At evry stage of the implementation of jhum, the landusers are supported by the local institutions and their tradtional custams, attitudes and beliefs.

Role of stakeholders: The tribal institution takes care of the problems encourtered by the landusers during selection of jhum sites and overall activities of jhum.

2.5 País/ región/ lugares donde el Enfoque fue aplicado

País:

Bangladesh

Región/ Estado/ Provincia:

Chittagogn Hill Tracts

2.7 Tipo de Enfoque

  • tradicional/ local

2.8 Propósitos/ objetivos principales del Enfoque

The Approach focused mainly on SLM with other activities (Slashing, burning, weeding)

The main purpose of the approach is to facilitate the tribal population with no cultivable landownership to seek their subsistence by adopting tradtional jhum practice by involving the entire family members. The specific objectives is to ensure site allocation within the communites for jhum and to ensure that the age old knowledge about shifting cultivation is passed on to the next generations. The method to achieving this is that the tribals have a very strong local institution comprising of King, Dewan, Head man, and Karbari, priests and the villagers. In case of knowledge transfer, head of a family ensures that he/she passes on the technology information to his/her followers. At evry stage of the implementation of jhum, the landusers are supported by the local institutions and their tradtional custams, attitudes and beliefs. The tribal institution takes care of the problems encourtered by the landusers during selection of jhum sites and overall activities of jhum.

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: That the poor triabal communities with no landownership can make a livelihood by jhum practice without any inter/intra commmunity conflicts. It also ensures that outside interference which might threaten the jhumias livelihood is minimised.

2.9 Condiciones que facilitan o impiden la implementación de la/s Tecnología/s aplicadas bajo el Enfoque

normas y valores sociales/ culturales/ religiosos
  • impiden

Lack of ownership, scarcity of judicially cultivated plain land, During site selection.

Treatment through the SLM Approach: Ensure land ownership,Priests advice, local instituion involevment in every steps of Jhuming

disponibilidad/ acceso a recursos y servicios financieros
  • impiden

Taking more area for jhum and increase inputs, no credit for Jhum.

Treatment through the SLM Approach: They opt for less area and traditional way of cultivation.

entorno institucional
  • impiden

Lack employment opportunities

Treatment through the SLM Approach: Involvement and support from state institutions.

marco de trabajo legal (tenencia de tierra, derechos de uso de tierra y agua)
  • facilitan

The existing land ownership, land use rights / water rights greatly helped the approach implementation: If land tenureship was legalised the tribals may have opted for settled agriculture.

  • impiden

No development focus

Treatment through the SLM Approach: Credit facilities may be provided, state ensured landownership.

conocimiento de MST, acceso a apoyo técnico
  • impiden

Scarcity of HYV seeds, fetilizer and pesticide.

Treatment through the SLM Approach: Ensure availability of all farm inputs.

3. Participación y roles de las partes interesadas involucradas

3.1 Partes interesadas involucradas en el Enfoque y sus roles

  • organizaciones comunitarias

Specific ethnic groups: Chakma Tribes in the CHT.

The practice as such involves the poor land users. Working land users were mainly men

3.2 Involucramiento de los usuarios locales de tierras/ comunidades locales en las distintas fases del Enfoque
Involucramiento de los usuarios locales de tierras/ comunidades locales Especifique quién se involucró y describa las actividades
iniciación/ motivación ninguno
planificación interactivo public meetings; Plan within the triabls the distribution of land for jhum.
implementación auto-movilización responsibility for major steps; By individual households.
monitoreo y evaluación interactivo measurements/observations; By the landusers.
Research ninguno

3.4 La toma de decisiones en la selección de Tecnología(s) MST

Especifique quién decidió la selección de las Tecnología/ Tecnologías a implementarse:
  • solamente usuarios de tierras (autoiniciativa)
Explique:

Individual household based decision

Decisions on the method of implementing the SLM Technology were made by by land users* alone (self-initiative / bottom-up). In close consultation with the local jhum based institution.

4. Apoyo técnico, fortalecimiento institucional y gestión del conocimiento

4.1 Construcción de capacidades / capacitación

¿Se proporcionó la capacitación a usuarios de tierras/ otras partes interesadas?

Especifique quién fue capacitado:
  • usuarios de tierras
Forma de capacitación:
  • en el contexto de trabajo
Temas avanzados:

The family head gives training their off spring.

4.2 Servicio de asesoría

¿Los usuarios de tierras tienen acceso a un servicio de asesoría?

Especifique si servicio proporcionado se realizó:
  • en los campos de los usuarios de tierras
Describa/ comentarios:

Name of method used for advisory service: Jhumia to jhumia hands on extension method.; Key elements: Interaction between two generations., Interactions between jhumia based local institutions., On the job training.; 1) Advisory service was carried out through: landusers 2) Advisory service was carried out through: landusers; e 3) Target groups for extension: land users.

4.3 Fortalecimiento institucional (desarrollo institucional)

¿Se establecieron o fortalecieron instituciones mediante el Enfoque?
  • sí, mucho
Especifique el nivel o los niveles en los que se fortalecieron o establecieron las instituciones:
  • local
Especifique el tipo de apoyo:
  • construcción de capacidades/ entrenamiento

4.4 Monitoreo y evaluación

¿El monitoreo y la evaluación forman parte del Enfoque?

Comentarios:

bio-physical aspects were ad hoc monitored through observations

socio-cultural aspects were regular monitored through observations

5. Financiamiento y apoyo material externo

5.1 Presupuesto anual para el componente MST del Enfoque

Comentarios (ej. fuentes principales de financiamiento/ donantes principales):

Approach costs were met by the following donors: local community / land user(s) (Meetings): 100.0%

5.2 Apoyo financiero/material proporcionado a los usuarios de tierras

¿Los usuarios de tierras recibieron financiamiento/ apoyo material para implementar la Tecnología/ Tecnologías? :

No

5.3 Subsidios para insumos específicos (incluyendo mano de obra)

  • ninguno
 

5.4 Crédito

¿Se proporcionó crédito bajo el Enfoque para actividades MST?

No

6. Análisis de impacto y comentarios de conclusión

6.1 Impactos del Enfoque

¿El Enfoque ayudó a los usuarios de tierras a implementar y mantener Tecnologías MST?
  • No
  • Sí, un poco
  • Sí, moderadamente
  • Sí, mucho
Did other land users / projects adopt the Approach?
  • No
  • Sí, un poco
  • Sí, moderadamente
  • Sí, mucho

Other tribal communities of CHT (about 12 in number) have a similar approach to jhum.

6.3 Sostenibilidad de las actividades del Enfoque

¿Pueden los usuarios de tierras sostener lo que se implementó mediante el Enfoque (sin apoyo externo)?

6.4 Fortalezas/ ventajas del Enfoque

Fuerzas/ ventajas/ oportunidades desde la perspectiva del usuario de la tierra
Food security and poverty aleviation. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: They would rather prefer settled agriculture.)
Multiple crop production round the year.
Less costly and less laborious.
Availability of fuel and timber.
Fuerzas/ ventajas/ oportunidades desde la perspectiva del compilador o de otra persona de referencia clave
Inspite of land ownership conflicts, local institutions function efficiently to maintain harmony in the community. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: The strenght of local institutions need to be optimally used by the projects and programs to develop and test better and sustainable production systems from a SWC perspective in CHT.)
Easy to adopt and less costly to implement.
Marginal lands can be used.
Self employment for the entire family.
Ensures food security and poverty elevation.
Multi-crop based production system for the whole year.
Gender equity.
Availability of fuel and timber.
Traditional knowledge based practice.

6.5 Debilidades/ desventajas del Enfoque y formas de sobreponerse a ellos

Debilidades/ desventajas/ riesgos desde la perspectiva del usuario de la tierra ¿Cómo sobreponerse a ellas?
Soil degradation and low productivity. Financial support and land rights ensured.
Debilidades/ desventajas/ riesgos desde la perspectiva del compilador o de otra persona de referencia clave ¿Cómo sobreponerse a ellas?
The appraoch promotes soil and land degradation, deforestation and loss of flora and fauna. The landusers should be encoraged to take up settled agriculture ensuring their land rights and logistic supports from liquidity and technical amd material support.

7. Referencias y vínculos

7.1 Métodos/ fuentes de información

  • visitas de campo, encuestas de campo
  • entrevistas con usuarios de tierras

7.2 Referencias a publicaciones disponibles

Título, autor, año, ISBN:

Sustainability Appraisal of Shifting Cultivation in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh. By Ole K. Borggaard, Abdul Gafur and Leif Petersen.

¿Dónde se halla disponible? ¿Costo?

Ambio Vol. 32 No. 2, 118-123, March 2003.

Título, autor, año, ISBN:

Runoff and losses of soil and nutrients from small watersheds under shifting cultivation (Jhum) in the CHT of Bangladesh. Abdul Gafur et al. 2003

¿Dónde se halla disponible? ¿Costo?

Journal of Hydrology, Volume 274, Issues 1-4, 1 April 2003, Pages 30-46

Título, autor, año, ISBN:

Changes in Soil Nutrient Content under Shifting Cultivation in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh. Abdul Gafur, et al. 2000.

¿Dónde se halla disponible? ¿Costo?

Danish Journal of Geography 100: 37-46

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