1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Agricultural Research Council (ARC) - 南非

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.5 参考关于SLM方法（使用WOCAT记录的SLM方法）的调查问卷

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

In-field water harvesting technique

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

The technique consists of the construction of a 1 m wide basin with a 2 m wide runoff area. They are mulched with either straw or stones and, for the sake of comparison, the runoff area should be left bare. The soil is not tilled to encourage development of a crust, over which water runs off into the basin.

The basins collect the maximum amount of water during rain and because it accumulates in the basin, it is allowed more infiltration time. Mulch minimises evaporation and the efficiency varies with the type of mulch used.

The construction of basin and runoff areas and mulching maintenance involves keeping basins open and mulch intact.

This technique is used under semi-arid conditions on soils with very high clay contents. The depth of the profile must be greater or equal to 900 mm and the A-horizon must also be 250 mm or more.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 不到10年前（最近）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过项目/外部干预

注释（项目类型等）:

Other methods of water harvesting is used elsewhere in Africa.

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 适应气候变化/极端天气及其影响

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

major cash crop: Sunflower
major food crop: Maize
other: Beans

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): The area is marginal for crop production because of relatively low and erratic rainfall and dominantly clay soils with high water losses due to runoff and evaporation from the soil surface.

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Lack of good fertile soils and to little rain to produce a good crop.

3.3 由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？

由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？:

• 是（请在技术实施前填写以下有关土地利用的问题）

3.4 供水

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

3.5 该技术所属的SLM组

• 集水

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

Main measures: agronomic measures

Type of agronomic measures: mulching, mineral (inorganic) fertilizers, zero tillage / no-till

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion, Cn: fertility decline and reduced organic matter content

Main causes of degradation: other human induced causes (specify) (Agricultural causes - Traditional, conventional cultivation methods not feasible), inputs and infrastructure: (roads, markets, distribution of water points, other, …) (Lack of knowledge)

Secondary causes of degradation: other natural causes (avalanches, volcanic eruptions, mud flows, highly susceptible natural resources, extreme topography, etc.) specify (Low and erratic rainfall events), poverty / wealth (Lack of captial - No resources to cultivate)

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 防止土地退化

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.5 维护/经常性活动

	活动	时间/频率
1.	Preparation of basins	Before planting / Once in 10 years7
2.	Preparing seed bed	At planting / annual

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil fertility is low

Soil drainage / infiltration is poor

Soil water storage capacity is high

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

100% of the land users are poor and own 100% of the land.

Market orientation of production system: Also commercial/ market but less common

Level of mechanization: Also mechanized, but less common

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者使用的平均土地面积

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

注释:

There is a moderate trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Can obtain higher crop yields in dry seasons.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Minimize runoff and evaporation losses.
More water available for plant growth that leads to higher yields.
Save on input costs (Use no-till).
Unemployed people in rural semi-arid areas can produce food for themselves.

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Initially labour intensive to construct basins.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Some soil movement into the basins.
Organic mulch may absorb some rainwater.

7.1 信息的方法/来源