1.2 تفاصيل الاتصال بالأشخاص الرئيسيين لمصدر المعلومات والمؤسسات المعنية بتقييم وتوثيق النهج

اسم المشروع الذي سهّل توثيق/تقييم النهج (إذا كان ذلك على صلة)

Integrated natural resources management in drought-prone and salt-affected agricultural production landscapes in Central Asia and Turkey ((CACILM-2))

اسم المؤسسة (المؤسسات) التي سهلت توثيق/تقييم النهج (إذا كان ذلك على صلة)

Kazakh Research Institute for Livestock and Fodder Production (Kazakh Research Institute for Livestock and Fodder Production) - كازاخستان

1.3 الشروط المتعلقة باستخدام البيانات الموثقة من خلال WOCAT

متى تم تجميع البيانات (ميدانيا)؟:

02/02/2020

يوافق جامع المعلومات والشخص (لاشخاص) الرئيسي لمصدر المعلومات على الشروط المتعلقة باستخدام البيانات الموثقة من خلال WOCAT:

نعم

1.4 المراجع الخاصة باستبيان(استبيانات) تقنيات الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي

2.1 وصف موجز للنهج

Raising awareness and strengthening the capability and skills of farmers, agriculture specialists and researchers in developing and adoption resource-saving, profitable and environmentally friendly cereal production through Conservation Agriculture practices.

2.2 وصف تفصيلي للنهج

وصف تفصيلي للنهج:

The main features of the approach:
•Empower farmers to become self-sufficient in managing their lands under Conservation Agriculture through education, awareness raising with a focus on transferring knowledge, skills and tools to improve crop production, increase food security, and incomes of rural communities.
•Promote the transition from traditional farming to modern systems based on minimal soil treatment, diversified crop production, stubble retention and direct seeding by building capacity.
•Facilitate positive change by leveraging the strengths and capabilities of different partners to transfer skills, knowledge and resources to farmers and communities interested in active CA adoption.
In Kazakhstan the most of crop management experiences and education in universities emphasized conventional tillage based production systems. Changing minds to accept crop management practices based on the principles of Conservation Agriculture is one of the biggest constraint of CA adoption. Farmers are ready to change their mind set if they are knowledgeable, well informed and see the benefits of CA-based crop management practices in their fields. The approach is based on awareness raising, training of farmers and farmer testing of CA technology in close collaboration with specialists from international and local institutions. An active dialogue with farmers, knowledge and technology dissemination are built on participation of qualified specialists/experts who are part of the management team of each farm and are able to efficiently test and adapt new technologies to the local conditions. CA is a complex approach and system, it implies changes in a number of technological components of the existing traditional systems of agriculture. It is necessary to change two basic paradigms: the paradigm of soil tillage and the paradigm of linear knowledge flow.
Many agricultural research and extension systems are based on a linear model of knowledge flow, with new knowledge being developed in research organizations, passed on to agricultural extension agents who in turn pass on the new knowledge and information to farmers. While this model may be applied to simple technology, it does not always effectively work with complex technologies, especially when research institutes do not have the capacity to develop functional packages of multiple technological components for all farmer situations. Innovative approaches on the basis of complex technologies are needed in adaptation, system development process and promotion. Innovative approach (platforms) are based on networks of multiple agents, including farmers-innovators and decision-makers, all utilizing their own knowledge, external information and policy support to help overcome problems and develop functional systems for local farming conditions and farmer circumstances.

The target farmers as well as farmers of the neighbouring farming community were trained on-the-job on key topics of CA such as diversified cropping systems, chemical fallow, minimum/no-tillage, direct seeding, and snow and residue management. Altogether four training workshops were carried out. In each session international and national experts trained about 30 farmers. Conservation Agriculture study tour to USA (Washington State, Idaho State) and Canada (Saskatchewan Province) was organized. Public awareness and also training on CA-technology also were generated through six field days and seminars bringing together farmers, stakeholders, policy-makers and researchers to observe and discuss key field demonstrations.

Large-scale adoption of Conservation Agriculture (zero/minimum soil tillage, leaving crop residues in the fields, direct seeding with narrow chisel and disk openers, permanent bed-planting and furrow irrigation, etc.) were initiated by the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) and FAO in 2002. Thanks to the joint efforts of national scientists and farmers, international organizations (CIMMYT, FAO, ICARDA, World Bank, UNDP, USAID, etc.), support by the state and government bodies, the areas under no-till have been increasing from virtually none in 2002 to an estimated area of 3 000 000 ha in 2019.

2.3 صور عن النهج

2.4 فيديوهات عن النهج

2.5 البلد/المنطقة/المواقع التي تم تطبيق النهج فيها

2.6 تواريخ بدء وإنهاء تنفيذ النهج

2.7 نوع النهج

• قائم على مشروع/برنامج

2.8 الغايات/الأهداف الرئيسية للنهج

Improve knowledge, raising awareness, enhance capability of farmers, agriculture specialists and different partners in using CA-farming practices for a more sustainable and profitable crop production in rainfed lands of Kazakhstan

2.9 الظروف التي تمكن أو تعيق تنفيذ التقنية/التقنيات المطبقة بموجب النهج

3.1 أصحاب المصلحة المعنيون بالنهج وأدوارهم

3.2 انخراط مستخدمي الأراضي المحليين/المجتمعات المحلية في المراحل المختلفة للنهج

	انخراط مستخدمي الأراضي المحليين/المجتمعات المحلية	حدد من شارك وصف الأنشطة
المبادرة/التحفيز	سلبي	Farmers involved in the project realization participated at the different seminars on CA technologies and innovations in land management organized by international institutions (FAO, CIMMYT)
التخطيط	تفاعلي	Definition of the most appropriate (location, size) lands, needs in labour, equipment, technique support for the project trials.
التنفيذ	تفاعلي	Organization, manage and control field works.
الرصد/التقييم	تفاعلي	Active participation and assistance to the project consultants in monitoring and evaluation processes.

3.3 مخطط التدفق (إذا كان متاحًا)

3.4 اتخاذ القرار بشأن اختيار تقنية/تقنيات الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي

حدد من الذي قرر اختيار التقنية/التقنيات التي سيتم تنفيذها:

• جميع الجهات الفاعلة ذات الصلة، كجزء من نهج تشاركي

اشرح:

Innovative approach on the basis of complex technologies, like Conservation Agriculture, is needed in adaptation, system development process, comprehensive assessment and promotion. That is why and main reason of all relevant actors participate in decision making on the selection of the technology

حدد على أي أساس تم اتخاذ القرارات:

• تقييم المعرفة الموثقة جيدًا بشأن الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي(اتخاذ القرارات القائمة على الأدلة)
• نتائج البحوث
• خبرة وآراء شخصية(غير موثقة)

4.1 بناء القدرات/التدريب

هل تم تقديم التدريب لمستخدمي الأراضي / الأطراف المعنيين الآخرين؟:

نعم

حدد من تم تدريبه:

• مستخدمو الأراضي
• موظفون ميدانيون/ مستشارون

شكل التدريب:

• من مزارع إلى مزارع
• مناطق العرض
• اجتماعات عامة

المواضيع المغطاة:

“Conservation Agriculture for rainfed crop production”, “Conservation Agriculture for irrigated crop production”

التعليقات:

An important factor of wide-scale extension of CA is training and introduction of farmers and specialists with the new innovations and approaches, on-farm demonstration of technology components, expertise of foreign specialists, and wide public awareness activities. As a total, 12 different project events (workshops, training seminars, field days, study tours for farmers and specialists, consultations, lectures and methodological assistance provided by foreign specialists and scientists, etc.) were conducted. The implementation process of the project was regularly highlighted in newspapers, journals, radio and TV.

4.2 خدمة استشارية

هل يملك مستخدمو الأراضي وصولا إلى خدمة استشارية؟:

نعم

حدد ما إذا كانت الخدمة الاستشارية متوفرة:

• في مراكز دائمة

وصف/تعليقات:

National Agriculture Research System (NARS) of Kazakhstan represented by the National Agrarian Research and Education Center (NAREC) of the Ministry of Agriculture has research institutes and extension centers in all main agriculture regions of the country where farmers and all needed persons have access to advisory service, including CA-based technologies.

4.3 تعزيز المؤسسات (التطوير التنظيمي)

هل تم إنشاء أو تعزيز مؤسسات من خلال هذا النهج؟:

• نعم، باعتدال

حدد المستوى (المستويات) التي تم فيها تعزيز أو إنشاء المؤسسات:

• إقليمي

صف المؤسسة والأدوار والمسؤوليات والأعضاء وما إلى ذلك.

Agricultural Centers for extension and dissemination of knowledge are located in all main agriculture regions of Kazakhstan. Roles and responsibilities: advisory service, consultations.

حدد نوع الدعم:

• بناء القدرات/التدريب

اعط مزيدا من التفاصيل:

Agricultural Centers for extension and dissemination of knowledge conduct and carry out on regularly basis trainings, seminars, workshops, meetings for and with farmers, visit farm fields and trials to provide on-place consultations and monitoring.

4.4 الرصد والتقييم

هل يشكل الرصد والتقييم جزءا من النهج؟:

نعم

التعليقات:

Monitoring and evaluation were carried out by the project team, consist of National Coordinator, Project Leader, national and international consultants and advisors, heads of the project farms. Also together with agriculture workers implementing field works at farms the project team members participated in main field activities: seeding, weed control, harvesting.

إذا كانت الإجابة بنعم، فهل من المقصود استخدام هذه الوثائق للمراقبة والتقييم؟:

نعم

التعليقات:

By collaborating with national and international partners the project evaluated progress and perception of the aproach by farmers. The documentation of the project, activities realized, reports of the project implementation are to be used for monitoring and evaluation. Defining real "win-wins" in the specific context of the project area as well as whole country aimed at increased understanding to improve and replicate the CA approach and technology on a broader scale.

4.5 البحوث

هل كانت البحوث جزءًا من النهج؟:

نعم

حدد المواضيع:

• الاقتصاد / التسويق
• تكنولوجيا

أعط تفاصيل إضافية وأشر إلى من قام بالبحوث:

Technology and economics research were carried out by two main national research institutes: 1) Kazakh Research and Production Center for Grain Farming, Shortandy settl., Akmola region (province); 2) Kazakh Research Institute for Farming and Crop Production, Almalybak settl., Almaty region (province).

5.1 الميزانية السنوية لمكون الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي في النهج المذكور

إذا لم تكن الميزانية السنوية الدقيقة معروفة، قم بالإشارة إلى نطاقها:

• 100,000-10,000

التعليقات (على سبيل المثال المصادر الرئيسية للتمويل/الجهات المانحة الرئيسية):

Main sources/donors of funding of the SLM component of the approach: FAO (80%), International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center – CIMMYT (20%). The FAO TCP/KAZ/2801 (T) “Conservation Agriculture for Sustainable Crop Production in Northern Kazakhstan” project duration: 2002-2004.

5.2 الدعم المالي/المادي المقدم لمستخدمي الأراضي

هل حصل مستخدمو الأراضي على دعم مالي/ مادي لتنفيذ التقنية/ التقنيات؟:

كلا

5.3 إعانات لمدخلات محددة (بما في ذلك العمالة)

التعليقات:

not applicable

5.4 الائتمان

هل تم توفير ائتمان في إطار نهج أنشطة الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي؟:

كلا

5.5 حوافز أو وسائل أخرى

هل تم استخدام حوافز أو أدوات أخرى لتشجيع تنفيذ تقنيات الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي؟:

كلا

6.1 آثار النهج

6.2 المحفز الرئيسي لقيام مستخدمي الأراضي بتنفيذ الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي

6.3 استدامة أنشطة النهج

هل يمكن لمستخدمي الأراضي المحافظة على استدامة ما تم تنفيذه من خلال النهج (بدون دعم خارجي)؟:

• غير مؤكد

إذا كان الجواب لا أو غير متأكد، حدد ذلك وعلق عليه:

While CA provides many benefits for farmers and the environment, farmers can face constraints to adopt these practices. Wetlands or soils with poor drainage can make adoption challenging. When crop residues are limited, farmers tend to use them for fodder first, so there might not be enough residues for the soil cover. To initiate CA, appropriate seeders are necessary, and these may not be available or affordable to all farmers. Conservation agriculture is also knowledge intensive and not all farmers may have access to the knowledge and training required on how to practice conservation agriculture. Finally, conservation agriculture increases yields over time but farmers may not see yield benefits immediately. However, innovations, adapted research and new technologies are helping farmers to overcome these challenges and facilitate the adoption of conservation agriculture.

6.4 نقاط قوة/مزايا النهج

نقاط القوة/ المزايا/ الفرص من وجهة نظر مستخدمي الأراضي
Because the approach is focused on awareness raising and the transfer of skills, knowledge and world experience it facilitates the mobilization of strengths and capabilities of farmers and different partners for effective adoption and promotion of CA.

نقاط القوة/ المزايا/ الفرص من وجهة نظر جامع المعلومات أو غيره من الاشخاص الرئيسيين لمصدر المعلومات

The approach aims at sustainably intensifying farming systems and have a positive effect on the environment using natural processes. It helps farmers to adapt and increase profits in spite of climate risks. This approach by bringing awareness on advantages of CA to farmers, decision-makers, general public is a way of highest importance for Kazakhstan's “Area of Risk Farming”. Conservation agriculture can be considered climate-smart as it delivers on the objectives of climate-smart agriculture.

6.5 نقاط الضعف/ العيوب في المنهج وطرق التغلب عليها

نقاط الضعف/ المساوىء/ المخاطر من وجهة نظر مستخدم الأراضي	كيف يمكن التغلب عليها؟
At farms level CA approach, especially on initial stages of its introduction and adoption, requires regular consultations and support by visiting foreign and international specialists on the issues and problems where national personnel is not enough experienced. Financial support of these visits and activities is necessary.	CA-based projects, especially those funded by international R&D agencies, can to some extent help with foreign experts visits and consultations. To accelerate introduction of CA it would be timely and effective if government allocates special funds for invited foreign and international experts through national programs on agriculture research and education.

نقاط الضعف/ المساوىء/ المخاطر من وجهة نظر جامع المعلومات أو غيره من الاشخاص الرئيسيين لمصدر المعلومات

كيف يمكن التغلب عليها؟

Effective promotion of the CA-based approach in the country requires further measures to improve coordination between government, non-governmental and international organizations working in this area

As an innovative approach a CA platform must consist of and be based on interaction, cooperation, and a network of multiple agents: farmers, researchers, specialists in extension and marketing, manufacturers, policy-makers, state bodies, international R&D institutions. The establishment of a National or Regional “Network on Conservation Agriculture” coordinating all necessary activities and processes is considered important to effectively promote CA in the country and region.

7.1 طرق جمع/مصادر المعلومات

7.2 المراجع للمنشورات المتاحة

العنوان، المؤلف، السنة، النظام القياسي الدولي لترقيم الكتب ISBN:

1.Karabaev M., Vasko I., Matyushkov M., Bektemirov A., Kenzhebekov A., Bakhman T., Friedrich T., Makus L., Morgunov A., Darinov A., Sagimbaev M., Suraev V., Perezdanov V., Rodionov A., Wall P. Zero-processing and direct sowing technologies for the cultivation of grain crops in Northern Kazakhstan. 2005. FAO-SIMMIT, 64 p. (in Russian)

العنوان، المؤلف، السنة، النظام القياسي الدولي لترقيم الكتب ISBN:

2.S. Shpigun, M. Karabayev. No-till and direct seeding technologies for cereals in North Kazakhstan. - Practical recommendations for farmers. Astana, Kazakhstan, 2007, 15 p.

العنوان، المؤلف، السنة، النظام القياسي الدولي لترقيم الكتب ISBN:

3.M. Karabayev, N. Yuschenko, A. Akramkhanov, and S. Shpigun. Forage crops production in dry areas with an allowance for ecological risks. - Methods of seeding and growing of perennial and annual grasses. Astana, Kazakhstan, 2007, 112 p.

العنوان، المؤلف، السنة، النظام القياسي الدولي لترقيم الكتب ISBN:

4.CIMMYT Wheat Improvement Program for Kazakhstan. Together in 21st Century. - 2008, CIMMYT, 56 p.

العنوان، المؤلف، السنة، النظام القياسي الدولي لترقيم الكتب ISBN:

5.Yushenko N., Iskakov Z., Karabayev M., Shpigun S., Yushenko D., Shaushekov T., Baitassov A. Perennial grasses cropping in abandoned lands of Central Kazakhstan based on Conservation Agriculture. – Drylands Management, World Bank-GEF-MOEP Kazakhstan, 2008, p.38-43

العنوان، المؤلف، السنة، النظام القياسي الدولي لترقيم الكتب ISBN:

6.No-Till with Soil Cover and Crop Rotation: A Basis for Policy Support to Conservation Agriculture for Sustainable Production Intensification. – Proceedings of the International Consultation Conference, 8-10 July, 2009, Astana-Shortandy, Kazakhstan. CIMMYT, FAO, Ministry of Agriculture, Kazakhstan, 2009, 350 p.

العنوان، المؤلف، السنة، النظام القياسي الدولي لترقيم الكتب ISBN:

7.Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux International (CABI). 2011. Climate Change and Crop Production. Oxfordshire, UK: CABI, 292 p.

العنوان، المؤلف، السنة، النظام القياسي الدولي لترقيم الكتب ISBN:

8.FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations). 2011. Save and Grow: A Policymaker’s Guide to the Sustainable Intensification of Smallholder Crop Production. Rome, Italy: FAO.

العنوان، المؤلف، السنة، النظام القياسي الدولي لترقيم الكتب ISBN:

9.Ospanbayev Zh., Koishibayev M., Karabayev M., Zhapayev R., Bedoshvili D., Zhunusov K. 2010. Winter wheat direct seeding technology on rainfed lands. Recommendations for farmers, Almaty, Kazakhstan, 13 p.

العنوان، المؤلف، السنة، النظام القياسي الدولي لترقيم الكتب ISBN:

10.Karabayev M., Ushenko N., Baitassov A., Ushenko D., Ishmukhanbetov S. 2011. Conservation agriculture for hayfields and pastures under agricultural landscapes of Central Kazakhstan // INAT-AGRO, GEF, UNDP, CIMMYT. Astana, Kazakhstan, 39 p.

العنوان، المؤلف، السنة، النظام القياسي الدولي لترقيم الكتب ISBN:

11.Ushenko N., Ushenko D., Baitassov A. 2011. Adaptation of no till and direct seeding of cereals in agricultural landscapes of Central Kazakhstan // CIMMYT, ACP, Astana, Kazakhstan, 22 p.

العنوان، المؤلف، السنة، النظام القياسي الدولي لترقيم الكتب ISBN:

12.Advancement and impact of conservation agriculture/no-till technology adoption in Kazakhstan. FAO Investment Centre, Information Note, December 6, 2012

العنوان، المؤلف، السنة، النظام القياسي الدولي لترقيم الكتب ISBN:

13.Karabayev M., P.Wall., K.Sayre, R.Zhapayev, A.Morgounov, V.Dvurechenski, N.Yushenko, T.Friedrich, T.Fillecia, A.Jumabayeva, M.Guadagni. Adoption of Conservation Agriculture in Kazakhstan // Soil-Water Journal. 2013, Vol. 2, #r 2, p. 2003-2006.

العنوان، المؤلف، السنة، النظام القياسي الدولي لترقيم الكتب ISBN:

14.Zhapayev R., K.Iskandarova, M.Karabayev, K.Toderich. Ecological testing of the sorghum genotypes in South-East Kazakhstan // Agroecological bases of improvement the productivity and sustainability of Agriculture in the XXI century. 2013, Kazakhstan, p. 124-127.

العنوان، المؤلف، السنة، النظام القياسي الدولي لترقيم الكتب ISBN:

15.Karabayev M., V.Dvurechenski, P.Wall, K.Sayre, T.Friedrich, N.Yushenko, Zh.Ospanbayev, R.Zhapayev, A.Morgounov, A.Darinov, A.Nazarenko, E.Gossen, T.Fillecia, M.Guadagni. Conservation Agriculture in Kazakhstan // CIMMYT-Kazakhstan, 2013, 32 p.

العنوان، المؤلف، السنة، النظام القياسي الدولي لترقيم الكتب ISBN:

16.Karabayev M., A.Morgounov, P.Wall, K.Sayre, Y.Zelenskiy, R.Zhapayev, V.Dvurechenskii, A.Akhmetova, T.Friedrich, T.Fileccia, M.Guadagni. Conservation Agriculture and breeding for sustainable wheat production in Kazakhstan // Journal of Bahri Dagdas Crop Research, 2014, (1-2), 50-53 p.

العنوان، المؤلف، السنة، النظام القياسي الدولي لترقيم الكتب ISBN:

17.Nurbekov A., A.Akramkhanov, J.Lamers, A.Kassam, T.Friedrich, R.Gupta, H.Muminjanov, M.Karabayev, D.Sydyk, J.Turok, M.Bekenov. Conservation Agriculture in Central Asia (chapter) // Conservation Agriculture. Global prospects and challenges. CABI (CAB Int.), 2014, UK-USA, p.223-248

العنوان، المؤلف، السنة، النظام القياسي الدولي لترقيم الكتب ISBN:

18.Karabayev M., A.Morgounov, H.-J.Braun, P.Wall, K.Sayre, Yu.Zelenskiy, R.Zhapayev, A.Akhmetova, V.Dvurechenskii, K.Iskandarova, T.Friedrich, T.Fileccia, M.Guadagni. Effective approaches to wheat improvement in Kazakhstan: Breeding and Conservation Agriculture // Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, USA, 2014, v.4, #10, p.761-765.

العنوان، المؤلف، السنة، النظام القياسي الدولي لترقيم الكتب ISBN:

19.Goddard T., Basch G., Derpsh R., Hongwen L., Jin H., Karabayev M., Moriya K., Peiretti R., Smith H. Institutional and policy support for CA uptake // Advances in Conservation Agriculture, Volume 1: Systems and Science, Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing, Cambridge, UK, 2020, (ISBN: 978 1 78676 264 1; 52 p.

متاح من أين؟كم التكلفة؟:

www.bdspublishing.com

7.3 روابط للمعلومات ذات الصلة المتوفرة على الإنترنت

العنوان/الوصف:

1.No-Till: A Climate Smart Agriculture Solution for Kazakhstan

عنوان الرابط URL:

http://www.worldbank.org/en/results/2013/08/08/no-till-climate-smart-agriculture-solution-for-kazakhstan