1.2 Contact details of resource persons and institutions involved in the assessment and documentation of the Approach

{'additional_translations': {}, 'value': 5, 'label': 'Name of project which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Approach (if relevant)', 'text': 'Preventing and Remediating degradation of soils in Europe through Land Care (EU-RECARE )', 'template': 'raw'} {'additional_translations': {}, 'value': 928, 'label': 'Name of the institution(s) which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Approach (if relevant)', 'text': 'IRNAS-CSIC (IRNAS-CSIC) - Spain', 'template': 'raw'}

1.3 Conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT

When were the data compiled (in the field)?

13/07/2015

The compiler and key resource person(s) accept the conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT:

Yes

1.4 Reference(s) to Questionnaire(s) on SLM Technologies

2.1 Short description of the Approach

Medidas de recuperación del suelo y revegetación desarrolladas en 1999-2000 para reducir la movilidad de los elementos traza del suelo.

2.2 Detailed description of the Approach

Detailed description of the Approach:

Recuperar el área afectada por la contaminación minera.

Retirada de lodos, aplicación de enmiendas, gradeo y revegetación. Expropiación de terrenos afectados y protección del área como espacio natural.

(1) Limpieza de emergencia/retirada de lodos
(2) Aplicación de enmiendas
(3) Expropiación de terrenos afectados
(4) Revegetación de la zona
(5) Declaración de paisaje protegido

La administración regional fue la encargada de limpiar la zona, reforestar, expropiar los terrenos. Actualmente es la encargada de mantener y gestionar el área. Los usuarios de la tierra realizan un uso recreativo de la zona y de pastoreo extensivo.

2.3 Photos of the Approach

2.5 Country/ region/ locations where the Approach has been applied

2.6 Dates of initiation and termination of the Approach

2.7 Type of Approach

• project/ programme based

2.8 Main aims/ objectives of the Approach

Recuperar el área afectada por la contaminación minera.
Problemas: El principal problema fue la contaminación, y la alarma social generada.

2.9 Conditions enabling or hindering implementation of the Technology/ Technologies applied under the Approach

3.1 Stakeholders involved in the Approach and their roles

3.2 Involvement of local land users/ local communities in the different phases of the Approach

	Involvement of local land users/ local communities	Specify who was involved and describe activities
initiation/ motivation	none
planning	none
implementation	none
monitoring/ evaluation	none
Research	none

3.4 Decision-making on the selection of SLM Technology/ Technologies

Specify who decided on the selection of the Technology/ Technologies to be implemented:

• SLM specialists alone

Explain:

Grupo de expertos que asesoraron a políticos.

El desastre ecológico de Aznalcollar provocó que un vertido de un volumen aproximado de dos mil millones de litros de lodos y otros cuatro mil millones de agua contaminada, al río Agrio y al Guadiamar, afectando a una franja de 62 Km. aproximadamente de longitud y 500 m. de anchura media, desde la Mina hasta Entremuros, en el límite con el Parque Nacional de Doñana, sobre una superficie de 4.634 has, pertenecientes a nueve municipios de la provincia de Sevilla.

De forma inmediata tras el accidente, se puso en marcha una comisión de coordinación entre la Administración del Estado y la Junta de Andalucía, para abordar las medidas de urgencia que minimizaran los efectos de la catástrofe, de forma que las medidas iniciales sobre contención de la riada tóxica, salvaguardia de la salud de los habitantes de la zona y sobre protección frente a nuevos vertidos procedentes de la balsa siniestrada.

4.1 Capacity building/ training

Was training provided to land users/ other stakeholders?

Yes

Specify who was trained:

• land users
• field staff/ advisers

• investigación

Form of training:

• demonstration areas
• public meetings
• courses

Subjects covered:

Concienciación y divulgación sobre los efectos de los contaminantes.

4.2 Advisory service

Do land users have access to an advisory service?

Yes

Describe/ comments:

Asistencias técnicas con centros de investigación: Moderadamente adecuado. Es el gobierno local el que ha liderado todo el proceso y por tanto está capacitado para asegurar la continuidad.

4.3 Institution strengthening (organizational development)

Have institutions been established or strengthened through the Approach?

• yes, moderately

Specify the level(s) at which institutions have been strengthened or established:

• local

Specify type of support:

• financial
• capacity building/ training
• equipment

4.4 Monitoring and evaluation

Is monitoring and evaluation part of the Approach?

Yes

4.5 Research

Was research part of the Approach?

Yes

Specify topics:

• sociology
• ecology
• technology

Give further details and indicate who did the research:

Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidades.

5.1 Annual budget for the SLM component of the Approach

If precise annual budget is not known, indicate range:

• > 1,000,000

Comments (e.g. main sources of funding/ major donors):

Gobierno nacional (Plan especial del Gobierno central): 20.0%; Gobierno local (distrito, provincia,municipalidad, aldea etc) (Junta de Andalucía): 80.0%

5.2 Financial/ material support provided to land users

Did land users receive financial/ material support for implementing the Technology/ Technologies?

No

5.4 Credit

Was credit provided under the Approach for SLM activities?

No

5.5 Other incentives or instruments

Were other incentives or instruments used to promote implementation of SLM Technologies?

No

6.1 Impacts of the Approach

6.2 Main motivation of land users to implement SLM

6.3 Sustainability of Approach activities

Can the land users sustain what has been implemented through the Approach (without external support)?

• yes

If yes, describe how:

La zona está convertida en un paisaje protegido, que requiere un mantenimiento mínimo.

6.4 Strengths/ advantages of the Approach

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view
Se ha conseguido una recuperación efectiva de una zona contaminada. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Realizar monitorizaciones para comprobar si son necesarias nuevas intervenciones.)

6.5 Weaknesses/ disadvantages of the Approach and ways of overcoming them

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view	How can they be overcome?
El método utilizado no elimina al 100% la contaminación, si no que estabiliza los contaminantes.	No es posible superarlo, puesto que sacar los elementos traza del suelo es imposible sin alterar sus propiedades.

7.1 Methods/ sources of information

7.2 References to available publications

Title, author, year, ISBN:

Xiong, J., Madejon, P., Madejon, E., Cabrera, F. Assisted natural remediation of a trace element-contaminated acid soil: An eight-year field study (2015) Pedosphere, 25 (2), pp. 250-262. DOI: 10.1016/S1002-0160(15)60010-8

Title, author, year, ISBN:

Burgos, P., Madejón, P., Madejón, E., Girón, I., Cabrera, F., Murillo, J.M. Natural remediation of an unremediated soil twelve years after a mine accident: Trace element mobility and plant composition (2013) Journal of Environmental Management, 114, pp. 36-45. DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.10.060

Title, author, year, ISBN:

Pérez-De-Mora, A., Madejón, P., Burgos, P., Cabrera, F., Lepp, N.W., Madejón, E. Phytostabilization of semiarid soils residually contaminated with trace elements using by-products: Sustainability and risks (2011) Environmental Pollution, 159 (10), pp. 3018-3027. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2011.04.015

Available from where? Costs?

Internet

Title, author, year, ISBN:

Domínguez, M.T., Madejón, P., Marañón, T., Murillo, J.M. Afforestation of a trace-element polluted area in SW Spain: Woody plant performance and trace element accumulation (2010) European Journal of Forest Research, 129 (1), pp. 47-59.DOI: 10.1007/s10342-008-0253-3

Available from where? Costs?

Internet

Title, author, year, ISBN:

Madejón, P., Pérez-de-Mora, A., Burgos, P., Cabrera, F., Lepp, N.W., Madejón, E. Do amended, polluted soils require re-treatment for sustainable risk reduction? - Evidence from field experiments. (2010) Geoderma, 159 (1-2), pp. 174-181. DOI: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.07.009

Available from where? Costs?

Internet

Title, author, year, ISBN:

Madejón, E., Madejón, P., Burgos, P., Pérez de Mora, A., Cabrera, F. Trace elements, pH and organic matter evolution in contaminated soils under assisted natural remediation: A 4-year field study (2009) Journal of Hazardous Materials, 162 (2-3), pp. 931-938. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.05.119

Available from where? Costs?

Internet

Title, author, year, ISBN:

Domínguez, M.T., Marañón, T., Murillo, J.M., Schulin, R., Robinson, B.H. Trace element accumulation in woody plants of the Guadiamar Valley, SW Spain: A large-scale phytomanagement case study (2008) Environmental Pollution, 152 (1), pp. 50-59. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2007.05.021

Available from where? Costs?

Internet

Title, author, year, ISBN:

Pérez-de-Mora, A., Madrid, F., Cabrera, F., Madejón, E. Amendments and plant cover influence on trace element pools in a contaminated soil (2007) Geoderma, 139 (1-2), pp. 1-10. Cited 35 times. DOI: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2006.12.001

Available from where? Costs?

Internet