1.2 Contact details of resource persons and institutions involved in the assessment and documentation of the Technology

Name of the institution(s) which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)

Mt. Kitanglad and Agri Development Corporation (MKADC) - Philippines

1.3 Conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT

When were the data compiled (in the field)?

09/12/2015

The compiler and key resource person(s) accept the conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT:

Yes

1.5 Reference to Questionnaire(s) on SLM Approaches

2.1 Short description of the Technology

Definition of the Technology:

Trees as buffer zones are vegetative measures established in the area to prevent pest from crossing in between blocks. Further, the technology provides haven for flora and fauna which are endemic in the area.

2.2 Detailed description of the Technology

Description:

Trees are planted at strategic locations along the road, between blocks, boundaries or in scattered areas within the pineapple plantation. Indigenous trees,"wildlings", which are considered endangered species were preserved in the plantation. Trees serve as habitat for the different tree of faunal species of birds, reptiles, amphibians and mammals.

Purpose of the Technology: It assimilates carbon from carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. It also provides shelter/habitat for wildlife species such as birds and temporary shades for laborer during rest time. The trees also improve the aesthetic value of the plantation.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: The initial step is the identification of specific tree planting areas for supplementation of natural cover. Along road networks are usually utilized as buffer zones. Prior to planting, grass brushing is done followed by hole digging. Maintenance in the area includes brushing of grasses and pruning of the canopy by 5-6 laborers.

Natural / human environment: The area is under humid agro-climate condition with a topography ranging from 1-10% slope. It receives an average annual rainfall of approximately 3072 mm/year. The elevation ranges from 370-890 meter above sea level.
Mt. Kitanglad and Agri Development Corporation (MKADC) operates the area where the technology is being practiced. Farmers living within the area are the laborers of the company.

2.3 Photos of the Technology

2.5 Country/ region/ locations where the Technology has been applied and which are covered by this assessment

2.6 Date of implementation

If precise year is not known, indicate approximate date:

• 10-50 years ago

2.7 Introduction of the Technology

Specify how the Technology was introduced:

• through land users' innovation

Comments (type of project, etc.):

The company integrated trees along roads and between blocks ,years later and trees were grown enough ( around 10 years) , they found its efficiency as habitats for endangered species.

3.2 Current land use type(s) where the Technology is applied

Comments:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Water logging, soil erosion and monocropping ( pineapple production throughout the year).

3.3 Further information about land use

Specify:

Longest growing period from month to month: trees grow for more than a year

3.4 SLM group to which the Technology belongs

• integrated pest and disease management (incl. organic agriculture)

3.5 Spread of the Technology

Specify the spread of the Technology:

• evenly spread over an area

If the Technology is evenly spread over an area, indicate approximate area covered:

• 0.1-1 km2

Comments:

Estimated area planted as buffer zones is 5% of the gross area of the plantation.

3.6 SLM measures comprising the Technology

Comments:

Main measures: vegetative measures

Type of vegetative measures: aligned: -against wind, aligned: -along boundary, scattered / dispersed, in blocks

3.7 Main types of land degradation addressed by the Technology

Comments:

Main type of degradation addressed: Bh: loss of habitats

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion, Wo: offsite degradation effects

Main causes of degradation: other human induced causes (specify) (Cutting of trees, excessive pruning)

3.8 Prevention, reduction, or restoration of land degradation

Specify the goal of the Technology with regard to land degradation:

• prevent land degradation
• reduce land degradation

Comments:

Main goals: mitigation / reduction of land degradation

Secondary goals: prevention of land degradation

4.1 Technical drawing of the Technology

4.2 Technical specifications/ explanations of technical drawing

Trees planted between blocks of pineapple and access roads

Location: Barangay Lurogan. Valencia City, Bukidnon

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: moderate

Technical knowledge required for land users: moderate

Main technical functions: control of raindrop splash, control of dispersed runoff: impede / retard, stabilisation of soil (eg by tree roots against land slides), increase in nutrient availability (supply, recycling,…), increase of infiltration, increase / maintain water stored in soil, increase of groundwater level / recharge of groundwater, reduction in wind speed, increase of biomass (quantity), spatial arrangement and diversification of land use, Improve of biodiversity

Aligned: -against wind
Vegetative material: T : trees / shrubs, F : fruit trees / shrubs

Aligned: -along boundary
Vegetative material: T : trees / shrubs, F : fruit trees / shrubs
Vertical interval between rows / strips / blocks (m): 3
Spacing between rows / strips / blocks (m): 3

Scattered / dispersed
Vegetative material: T : trees / shrubs
Vertical interval between rows / strips / blocks (m): <10

In blocks
Vegetative material: T : trees / shrubs

Trees/ shrubs species: Spectabilis, Calliandra, Mangiam

Fruit trees / shrubs species: Coconut, Mulberry

Other species: Oranamental

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 2-5%%

Construction material (other): Trees (hard wood and fruit trees)

4.3 General information regarding the calculation of inputs and costs

other/ national currency (specify):

Philippine Peso

Indicate exchange rate from USD to local currency (if relevant): 1 USD =:

46.0

4.4 Establishment activities

	Activity	Type of measure	Timing
1.	Grass Brushing	Vegetative
2.	Hole Digging	Vegetative
3.	Planting	Vegetative

4.5 Costs and inputs needed for establishment

	Specify input	Unit	Quantity	Costs per Unit	Total costs per input	% of costs borne by land users
Labour	Grass brushing, hole digging and planting	ha	1.0	117.0	117.0	100.0
Total costs for establishment of the Technology					117.0

4.6 Maintenance/ recurrent activities

	Activity	Type of measure	Timing/ frequency
1.	Brushing of grasses	Vegetative	Every 3 months
2.	Pruning	Vegetative	Every after cropping season/at maturity

4.7 Costs and inputs needed for maintenance/ recurrent activities (per year)

	Specify input	Unit	Quantity	Costs per Unit	Total costs per input	% of costs borne by land users
Labour	Brushing of grasses and pruning	ha	1.0	78.0	78.0	100.0
Total costs for maintenance of the Technology					78.0

Comments:

Machinery/ tools: Pruning Shear

5.1 Climate

5.2 Topography

Comments and further specifications on topography:

Altidudinal zone: 101-500 m a.s.l. (497m)
Landforms: valley floors (256)

5.3 Soils

5.4 Water availability and quality

5.5 Biodiversity

5.6 Characteristics of land users applying the Technology

Indicate other relevant characteristics of the land users:

Land users applying the Technology are mainly common / average land users
Population density: < 10 persons/km2
Annual population growth: < 0.5%
100% of the land users are average wealthy and own 100% of the land.
Market orientation: Commercial/market (pineapples are exported in neighboring Asian countries)

5.7 Average area of land owned or leased by land users applying the Technology

5.8 Land ownership, land use rights, and water use rights

Land ownership:

• individual, not titled
• individual, titled

Land use rights:

• leased

5.9 Access to services and infrastructure

6.1 On-site impacts the Technology has shown

Socio-economic impacts

Production

Income and costs

Socio-cultural impacts

Ecological impacts

Water cycle/ runoff

Soil

Biodiversity: vegetation, animals

Climate and disaster risk reduction

Other ecological impacts

6.2 Off-site impacts the Technology has shown

6.3 Exposure and sensitivity of the Technology to gradual climate change and climate-related extremes/ disasters (as perceived by land users)

Gradual climate change

Gradual climate change

	Season	Type of climatic change/ extreme	How does the Technology cope with it?
annual temperature		increase	well

Climate-related extremes (disasters)

Meteorological disasters

	How does the Technology cope with it?
local rainstorm	well
local windstorm	not known

Climatological disasters

	How does the Technology cope with it?
drought	well

Hydrological disasters

	How does the Technology cope with it?
general (river) flood	well

Other climate-related consequences

Other climate-related consequences

	How does the Technology cope with it?
reduced growing period	not known

6.4 Cost-benefit analysis

How do the benefits compare with the establishment costs (from land users’ perspective)?

How do the benefits compare with the maintenance/ recurrent costs (from land users' perspective)?

6.5 Adoption of the Technology

Of all those who have adopted the Technology, how many have did so spontaneously, i.e. without receiving any material incentives/ payments?

• 90-100%

Comments:

100% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

6.7 Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities of the Technology

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the land user’s view
Land user's view agree with experts opinion.

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view
Protection of wildlife by providing food and shelter How can they be sustained / enhanced? Inclusion in the protocol of the company the prohibition of hunting and preying of alien or wildlife species present in the area.
Preservation of wildlings and endemic species by retaining native tree species during clearing operation. How can they be sustained / enhanced? Maintenance and protection of these trees by marking them.

6.8 Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks of the Technology and ways of overcoming them

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the land user’s view	How can they be overcome?
Land user's view agree with experts opinion.

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view	How can they be overcome?
Reduction of the pineapple production area due to the area allocated for growing trees.	Planting of trees that could be beneficial to the company and to the employees such as fruit bearing trees and those that improve the soil condition.
Trees shades some areas for pineapple production.	Regular pruning of the canopy.
Vulnerability to extreme event such as strong winds/typhoons	Introduce new species tolerant to those events