1.2 Contact details of resource persons and institutions involved in the assessment and documentation of the Technology

Name of project which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)

Scaling-up SLM practices by smallholder farmers (IFAD)

Name of the institution(s) which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)

Royal University of Agriculture (RUA) - Cambodia

1.3 Conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT

When were the data compiled (in the field)?

07/04/2017

The compiler and key resource person(s) accept the conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT:

Yes

1.4 Declaration on sustainability of the described Technology

Is the Technology described here problematic with regard to land degradation, so that it cannot be declared a sustainable land management technology?

No

Comments:

Because they grow crop don’t use chemical fertilizer and get high yield

2.1 Short description of the Technology

Definition of the Technology:

This technology involves the cultivation of crops around the house, including pomelos, lemons and other supplementary crops, with solely the application of cattle and chicken manure as fertilizer, whilst abstaining from the use of chemicals. The purpose of this technology is to obtain various products, generate a household income especially from the lemon trees as it is a long-term crop which provides a continuous supply of daily produce and is also relatively easy to grow, as well as to establish a comfortable environment for people to live in.

2.2 Detailed description of the Technology

Description:

A home garden is the practice of planting different crops around the house such as a variety of vegetables, herbs, fruit trees, and other annual crops for the family’s daily consumption as well as for commercial purposes. Home gardens have been set up in Cambodia and in many countries all over the world, albeit they might be named differently (Helen Keller International/Cambodia., 2003). This technique provides both economic and environmental benefits: generating household incomes and regulating the micro-climate by creating a desirable and ambient temperature around the house which makes the lives of family members more comfortable. More importantly, the technology provides opportunities for marginal groups like women, children, aging people and the disabled, to carry out agricultural work that contributes to an increase in household income (Landon-Lane C., 2012; Helen Keller International, 2010).

Home garden technique is being applied at Samraong village, Sambour commune, Sambour district, Kratie province, where the farmer is growing pomelo (30 trees) and lemon (10 trees) as the main crops for sale and other supplementary crops (banana, pineapple, pomegranate, lemongrass, coconut, mango and jackfruit mainly for household consumption. The technology is being implemented in an area of 1500 square meters (30x50 meters), with the Mekong River being located behind the house.

In order to plant the pomelo and lemon trees, the farmer digs 0.6 x 0.6 meter square pits that are 0.5 meters in depth. There is a distance of three meters from one pit to another to allow ample space for the trees to fully spread their branches. Animal manure is also added into the bottom of the pits. In addition, the farmer builds a small circular dike around the trunk of each pomelo and lemon tree in order to avoid water run-off while watering, and furthermore this can retain some water during rainfall. This technology only applies cattle and chicken manure, and avoids the use of chemical fertilizers.

Through the implementation of the home garden technology involving the cultivation of lemon and pomelo trees as the main produce as well as other supplementary crops, the farmer can gain many benefits. These include improving the farmer’s daily income, creating greenery around the house and providing a favorable living environment that can adapt to the rising temperature caused by climate change. Also the technology is preventing or addressing soil erosion, and providing an appropriate environment for poultry raising. This technology is not expensive as the farmers are able to start implementing it on a step by step basis depending on the availability of labor and resources or they are also able to do it during their spare time.

Farmers can harvest lemons on a daily basis (around 10 to 15 kg per day) and also other supplementary crops. The pomelo trees produce fruit once per year (around 30 fruits per tree on average). In addition, such crop diversification also creates a natural habitat for biodiversity underground, which is an important factor in enhancing soil nutrients and other aggregates. It also avoids the use of chemicals that could harm the health of the family.

2.3 Photos of the Technology

2.4 Videos of the Technology

2.5 Country/ region/ locations where the Technology has been applied and which are covered by this assessment

2.6 Date of implementation

Indicate year of implementation:

2010

2.7 Introduction of the Technology

Specify how the Technology was introduced:

• through land users' innovation

Comments (type of project, etc.):

Learn to do this from other farmers

3.1 Main purpose(s) of the Technology

• improve production
• reduce, prevent, restore land degradation
• adapt to climate change/ extremes and its impacts
• create beneficial economic impact

3.2 Current land use type(s) where the Technology is applied

If land use has changed due to the implementation of the Technology, indicate land use before implementation of the Technology:

Before the farmer was growing mango trees.

3.3 Further information about land use

Water supply for the land on which the Technology is applied:

• mixed rainfed-irrigated

Comments:

The farmer pumps water from the Mekong River behind her house.

Number of growing seasons per year:

• 1

Specify:

Long term crop

Livestock density (if relevant):

20 chickens, cage size 3 x 5 = 15 square meters

3.4 SLM group to which the Technology belongs

• integrated pest and disease management (incl. organic agriculture)
• home gardens

3.5 Spread of the Technology

Specify the spread of the Technology:

• evenly spread over an area

If the Technology is evenly spread over an area, indicate approximate area covered:

• < 0.1 km2 (10 ha)

3.6 SLM measures comprising the Technology

Comments:

As structural measures of small the dikes 10 cm in height are piled ub around the tree.

3.7 Main types of land degradation addressed by the Technology

3.8 Prevention, reduction, or restoration of land degradation

Specify the goal of the Technology with regard to land degradation:

• prevent land degradation
• reduce land degradation

Comments:

Getting shadow for the soil and supporting the increase of beneficial species

4.1 Technical drawing of the Technology

4.2 Technical specifications/ explanations of technical drawing

The total land area of the technology is 1500 square meters (30 m x 50 m), with the Mekong River behind the house. Within the home garden around the house, there are 30 trees of pomelo and 10 trees of lemon, together with another supplementary crops such as banana, coconut, lemongrass, coconut and pineapple. The space between lemon and pomelo trees is three meters and a small circular dike around the trunk of each pomelo and lemon tree is made to prevent water run-off. The other supplementary crops are scattered amongst the pomelo and lemon trees especially at the backyard and along the fence. The farmer used a pumping machine to pump the water from the river which was then connected with a pipe for irrigation.

4.3 General information regarding the calculation of inputs and costs

Specify how costs and inputs were calculated:

• per Technology area

other/ national currency (specify):

Riel

Indicate exchange rate from USD to local currency (if relevant): 1 USD =:

4000.0

4.4 Establishment activities

	Activity	Type of measure	Timing
1.	Buy pomelo it at Koh Trong	Other measures	Dry season
2.	Buy Lemon along road	Other measures	Dry season
3.	Buy equipment, pump machine, pipes	Other measures	Dry season
4.	Buy tools: hoe, shovel, basket	Other measures	Dry season
5.	Ridge of the row for plantation	Structural	Dry season
6.	Plant the crops	Agronomic	Rainy season
7.	Constructing small dikes around the tree trunks	Structural	Dry season

Comments:

Growing in raining season could damage the plant due to muvh of rainfall.

4.5 Costs and inputs needed for establishment

	Specify input	Unit	Quantity	Costs per Unit	Total costs per input	% of costs borne by land users
Labour	Digging hole (own self)	day	10.0	20000.0	200000.0	100.0
Equipment	Pumping machine and pipe	set	1.0	2000000.0	2000000.0	100.0
Equipment	Hoe	piece	4.0	20000.0	80000.0	100.0
Equipment	Shovel	piece	1.0	15000.0	15000.0	100.0
Equipment	Basket	piece	5.0	10000.0	50000.0	100.0
Plant material	Buy soil to fill	Small trucks	100.0	25000.0	2500000.0	100.0
Plant material	Pomelo seedlings	Tree	30.0	40000.0	1200000.0	100.0
Plant material	Lemon seedlings	Tree	10.0	15000.0	150000.0	100.0
Fertilizers and biocides	Cattle Manure	Sack	20.0	3000.0	60000.0	100.0
Total costs for establishment of the Technology					6255000.0

4.6 Maintenance/ recurrent activities

	Activity	Type of measure	Timing/ frequency
1.	Puting fertilizer 3 times per year	Agronomic	Early, middle and lately year
2.	Weeding	Agronomic	Every week
3.	Watering	Agronomic	Every 3 days
4.	Pick out some pomelo if it is too much	Agronomic	For the first fruiting
5.	Spray mosquito killer to kill ants	Agronomic	In rainy season during no rain
6.	Pomelo harvesting	Management	In May
7.	Lemon harvesting	Management	Everyday

Comments:

When the plant grows big, weeding can be reduced.

4.7 Costs and inputs needed for maintenance/ recurrent activities (per year)

	Specify input	Unit	Quantity	Costs per Unit	Total costs per input	% of costs borne by land users
Labour	Put fertilizer (done by the farmer herself)	day	10.0	20000.0	200000.0	100.0
Labour	Weeding	times	32.0	14000.0	448000.0	100.0
Labour	Harvesting	hours	635.0	2500.0	1587500.0	100.0
Equipment	Gasoline for pumping mechine	liters	608.0	3000.0	1824000.0	100.0
Fertilizers and biocides	Manure	Sack	30.0	3000.0	90000.0	100.0
Total costs for maintenance of the Technology					4149500.0

If land user bore less than 100% of costs, indicate who covered the remaining costs:

អត់មាន

Comments:

Everyday for lemons can be piked, which concludes in average an hour per day.

4.8 Most important factors affecting the costs

Describe the most determinate factors affecting the costs:

They use own labour and only natural fertilizer, so that they get more income and reduce costs.

5.1 Climate

5.2 Topography

Indicate if the Technology is specifically applied in:

• not relevant

Comments and further specifications on topography:

Sandy clay along river bank

5.3 Soils

If available, attach full soil description or specify the available information, e.g. soil type, soil PH/ acidity, Cation Exchange Capacity, nitrogen, salinity etc.

Sandy clay along river bank

5.4 Water availability and quality

Is water salinity a problem?

No

Is flooding of the area occurring?

Yes

Regularity:

episodically

Comments and further specifications on water quality and quantity:

The famer use water from the Mekong River for drinking and for irrigation.

5.5 Biodiversity

5.6 Characteristics of land users applying the Technology

Indicate other relevant characteristics of the land users:

The land user is 45 years old.

5.7 Average area of land owned or leased by land users applying the Technology

5.8 Land ownership, land use rights, and water use rights

Land ownership:

• individual, not titled

Land use rights:

• individual

Water use rights:

• open access (unorganized)

5.9 Access to services and infrastructure

6.1 On-site impacts the Technology has shown

Socio-economic impacts

Production

Water availability and quality

Income and costs

Socio-cultural impacts

Ecological impacts

Soil

Biodiversity: vegetation, animals

6.2 Off-site impacts the Technology has shown

6.3 Exposure and sensitivity of the Technology to gradual climate change and climate-related extremes/ disasters (as perceived by land users)

Climate-related extremes (disasters)

Meteorological disasters

	How does the Technology cope with it?
local rainstorm	moderately
local thunderstorm	moderately

Climatological disasters

	How does the Technology cope with it?
drought	moderately

Hydrological disasters

	How does the Technology cope with it?
general (river) flood	moderately
flash flood	moderately

Biological disasters

	How does the Technology cope with it?
epidemic diseases	moderately
insect/ worm infestation	moderately

Other climate-related consequences

Other climate-related consequences

	How does the Technology cope with it?
extended growing period	moderately
reduced growing period	moderately
sea level rise	moderately

Comments:

The last a few years, there is no drought and floods

6.4 Cost-benefit analysis

How do the benefits compare with the establishment costs (from land users’ perspective)?

How do the benefits compare with the maintenance/ recurrent costs (from land users' perspective)?

Comments:

After 2-3 years they can harvest the fruits and it should continue for the next 15 years.

6.5 Adoption of the Technology

• single cases/ experimental

Comments:

There are 10 to 20 households which bought 1or 2 trees for cultivating them in the same way.

6.6 Adaptation

Has the Technology been modified recently to adapt to changing conditions?

No

6.7 Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities of the Technology

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the land user’s view
Easier to sell due to the high demand of lemons and pomelo which are not planted frequently.

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view
The kind of crops that can stand for a long time, provide high yields, be harvested for many years and the lemon crop delivers produce on a daily basis.
There are lack of people growing pomelos and lemon trees in this area, so it is quite good for market demand.
Applying animal manure can attain high yields and produce high quality crops.

6.8 Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks of the Technology and ways of overcoming them

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the land user’s view	How can they be overcome?
Labor is needed to take care of the plants and to do the watering on a regular basis.	When busy, just keep it going on or take sometimes to do it specially in the early morning and evening after doing the other primary work.

7.1 Methods/ sources of information

7.2 References to available publications

Title, author, year, ISBN:

Helen Keller International/Cambodia, 2003. Handbook for Home Garden in Cambodia: The Complete Manual for Vegetable and Fruit Production. Phnom Penh: Helen Keller Worldwide.

Available from where? Costs?

file:///C:/Users/HTPP-ROYAL-INC/Downloads/Home%20_Gardening_Cambodia.pdf

Title, author, year, ISBN:

Landon-Lane C. (2012) Livelihoods grow in gardens. Rome: Rural Infrastructure and Agro-industries Division Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Available from where? Costs?

http://www.fao.org/3/a-i2463e.pdf

7.3 Links to relevant information which is available online

Title/ description:

Galhena D.H, Freed R., and Maridia K.M. (2013) Home Gardens: a promising approach to enhance household food security and wellbeing.

URL:

https://agricultureandfoodsecurity.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/2048-7010-2-8

Title/ description:

Helen Keller International (2010) Homestead Food Production Model Contributes to Improved Household Food Security, Nutrition and Female Empowerment-Experience From Scaling-up Programs in Asia (Bangladesh, Cambodia, Nepal and Philippines). Nutrition Bullein 8 (1).

URL:

http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/user_upload/wa_workshop/docs/Homestead_Food_Production_Nutrition_HKI.pdf

Title/ description:

World Vegetable Center (2016) Home Garden in Cambodia. Retrieved on May 14 2017 from

URL:

https://avrdc.org/home-gardens-cambodia/