1.2 Contact details of resource persons and institutions involved in the assessment and documentation of the Technology

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1.3 Conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT

The compiler and key resource person(s) accept the conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT:

Yes

1.4 Declaration on sustainability of the described Technology

Is the Technology described here problematic with regard to land degradation, so that it cannot be declared a sustainable land management technology?

No

1.5 Reference to Questionnaire(s) on SLM Approaches (documented using WOCAT)

2.1 Short description of the Technology

Definition of the Technology:

Infrastructure of stone, mortar and concrete, built along the waterline, with the aim of retaining sediment dragged by water runoff.

2.2 Detailed description of the Technology

Description:

Structures of large and long-term, in which the size depends on the slope of the stream and the soil and climate of the region. His installation also depends on the hydro-geology and topography and location of financial capital for its construction. The distance between two dikes, means are set, and is calculated by the slope of the bed, and the need to submit the site for its structure. It consists of an amount of vestment, a vestment of downstream foundation, crest and wings. This technique is consolidated with techniques of correction of slopes, as barriers, such as live barriers, banquets, afforestation, and others, increasing your time of life.

The purpose of their construction is to reduce the slope of the rivers and protect the bed, reducing the kinetic energy of flood water. The promotion of agricultural production is also one of its objectives, therefore retains sediment dragged the slopes, creating new agricultural areas. Contributes to the power of water, because it facilitates the infiltration with the decrease of velocity of flow. The implementation of the dam requires several previous studies with regard to its location, safety, design and budget. The activities of this technique, the most demanding in terms of knowledge and more expensive. After this stage do not require maintenance in the infrastructure, activities can occur in soil and water conservation within the basin. The technique is carried out in regions of sub-humid, arid and semi-arid, throughout the basin, regardless of local customs and the land next focus. The land recovered by this technique are mainly agricultural use. The construction of infrastructure USA the labor fronts of high-intensity or the local associations that can show. The most direct beneficiary of this technique, the use of agricultural areas caused, the owner is close to infrastructure. In some cases the ownership of land creates conflict among users of neighboring land.

2.3 Photos of the Technology

2.5 Country/ region/ locations where the Technology has been applied and which are covered by this assessment

2.6 Date of implementation

If precise year is not known, indicate approximate date:

• 10-50 years ago

2.7 Introduction of the Technology

Specify how the Technology was introduced:

• through projects/ external interventions

3.1 Main purpose(s) of the Technology

• reduce, prevent, restore land degradation

3.2 Current land use type(s) where the Technology is applied

Comments:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Loss of soil by water runoff, reducing its thickness and fertility.

3.3 Has land use changed due to the implementation of the Technology?

Has land use changed due to the implementation of the Technology?

• Yes (Please fill out the questions below with regard to the land use before implementation of the Technology)

3.4 Water supply

Water supply for the land on which the Technology is applied:

• rainfed

Comments:

Water supply: Also mixed rainfed - irrigated

3.5 SLM group to which the Technology belongs

• surface water management (spring, river, lakes, sea)

3.6 SLM measures comprising the Technology

3.7 Main types of land degradation addressed by the Technology

Comments:

Main causes of degradation: soil management (Intensive use of land.), crop management (annual, perennial, tree/shrub) (Cultivation of maize in areas unsuitable.), over-exploitation of vegetation for domestic use (Cutting of trees for firewood production.), Heavy / extreme rainfall (intensity/amounts) (High-intensity rainfall), education, access to knowledge and support services

Secondary causes of degradation: deforestation / removal of natural vegetation (incl. forest fires), overgrazing, population pressure, poverty / wealth

3.8 Prevention, reduction, or restoration of land degradation

Specify the goal of the Technology with regard to land degradation:

• prevent land degradation
• reduce land degradation

4.1 Technical drawing of the Technology

4.2 General information regarding the calculation of inputs and costs

other/ national currency (specify):

ECV

If relevant, indicate exchange rate from USD to local currency (e.g. 1 USD = 79.9 Brazilian Real): 1 USD =:

80.0

4.3 Establishment activities

	Activity	Timing (season)
1.	Excavation	Dry period
2.	Masonry Foundation	Dry period
3.	Masonry Lifting	Dry period

4.4 Costs and inputs needed for establishment

Comments:

Duration of establishment phase: 2.8 month(s)

4.7 Most important factors affecting the costs

Describe the most determinate factors affecting the costs:

Labor (cost) access due to transport of materials, mainly cement, sand and stone

5.1 Climate

5.2 Topography

5.3 Soils

If available, attach full soil description or specify the available information, e.g. soil type, soil PH/ acidity, Cation Exchange Capacity, nitrogen, salinity etc.

Soil fertility: Medium
Soil drainage/infiltration: Medium (ranked 1) and good (ranked 2)
Soil water storage capacity: Low (ranked 1) and medium (ranked 2, little deep soils with high slopes)

5.4 Water availability and quality

Comments and further specifications on water quality and quantity:

Ground water table: Also > 50 m
Availability of surface water: Medium (Sources in the period of rains, but also through galleries)
Water quality (untreated): Also good drinking water (ranked 2)

5.5 Biodiversity

5.6 Characteristics of land users applying the Technology

Indicate other relevant characteristics of the land users:

Population density: 100-200 persons/km2
Annual population growth: > 4%; 5% (0.5).
3% of the land users are average wealthy.
80% of the land users are poor.
Market orientation: Subsistence (Many owners have not put their products on the market)
Market orientation: Manual work (ranked 1) and mechanized (ranked 2, some owners rent tractor to plow their land)

5.7 Average area of land used by land users applying the Technology

5.8 Land ownership, land use rights, and water use rights

Land ownership:

• individual, titled

Land use rights:

• leased
• individual

Water use rights:

• communal (organized)
• individual

5.9 Access to services and infrastructure

6.1 On-site impacts the Technology has shown

Socio-economic impacts

Production

Water availability and quality

Socio-cultural impacts

Ecological impacts

Water cycle/ runoff

Soil

6.2 Off-site impacts the Technology has shown

6.3 Exposure and sensitivity of the Technology to gradual climate change and climate-related extremes/ disasters (as perceived by land users)

Gradual climate change

Gradual climate change

	Season	increase or decrease	How does the Technology cope with it?
annual temperature		increase	well

Climate-related extremes (disasters)

Meteorological disasters

	How does the Technology cope with it?
local rainstorm	well
local windstorm	well

6.7 Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities of the Technology

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the land user’s view
Increase in irrigable area for growing crops.
Increased availability of water for irrigation, for livestock and for consumption.

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view
Reducing the slope of the bed of the streams and hence the speed of water runoff.
Facilitates the infiltration of rain water and hence the recharge of aquifers.
Correction of watercourses and protection of the margins of streams.
Contributes to increasing and maintaining soil humidity.

7.1 Methods/ sources of information

7.2 References to available publications

Title, author, year, ISBN:

Field Trip Guid - DESIRE - INIDA - Cabo Verde, 2008

Available from where? Costs?

Library of INIDA

Title, author, year, ISBN:

Técnicas de Conservação de Solos e Água em Cabo Verde, MPAR & CILSS, 1994.

Available from where? Costs?

Library of CFA -INIDA

Title, author, year, ISBN:

Conservação de Solo e Água (teoria e prática), Sabino, António Advino, 1991

Available from where? Costs?

Library of CFA -INIDA

Title, author, year, ISBN:

Conservação de Solo e Água em Cabo Verde, Sabino, António Advino, 1984

Available from where? Costs?

Library of INIDA