Technologies

Water retention/sediment capture pond [Hungary]

Creation: 03/29/2022 4:09 p.m.
Update: 04/21/2023 2:47 p.m.
Compiler: Brigitta Szabó
Editors: Piroska Kassai, Zoltan Toth
Reviewers: William Critchley, Rima Mekdaschi Studer

Víztározó/üledékfelfogó tó

technologies_6196 - Hungary

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Completeness: 96%

1. General information

1.2 Contact details of resource persons and institutions involved in the assessment and documentation of the Technology

Key resource person(s)

SLM specialist:

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{'additional_translations': {}, 'value': 1074, 'label': 'Name of project which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)', 'text': 'OPtimal strategies to retAIN and re-use water and nutrients in small agricultural catchments across different soil-climatic regions in Europe (OPTAIN)', 'template': 'raw'} {'additional_translations': {}, 'value': 6270, 'label': 'Name of the institution(s) which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)', 'text': 'Institute for Soil Sciences, Centre for Agricultural Research (ATK TAKI) - Hungary', 'template': 'raw'}

1.3 Conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT

The compiler and key resource person(s) accept the conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT:

Yes

1.4 Declaration on sustainability of the described Technology

Is the Technology described here problematic with regard to land degradation, so that it cannot be declared a sustainable land management technology?

1.5 Reference to Questionnaire(s) on SLM Approaches (documented using WOCAT)

approaches

Farmer own initiated water harvesting pond in the … [Bangladesh]

This is an indigenous approach to store rain water for irrigating rice and other crops in the hillside earthen dam.

Compiler: Tuku Talukder
12/31/2008 midnight

2. Description of the SLM Technology

2.1 Short description of the Technology

Definition of the Technology:

Sediment capture ponds are constructed and located along networks of ditches which drain watersheds. They slow the velocity of water and cause the deposition of suspended materials. These ponds help to avoid sediment accumulation in the ditches themselves, and can decrease sediment and nutrient pollution of surface water bodies downstream.

2.2 Detailed description of the Technology

Description:

Sediment capture ponds are designed to be able to retain runoff water during rainy periods. They are located along networks of ditches which drain watersheds – and are constructed through mechanical excavation. The technology is usually applied in hilly areas, but sometimes downstream ponds are located in or near urban zones. The ponds slow the velocity of water and cause deposition of suspended materials. They help to avoid sediment accumulation in the ditches themselves, and can decrease sediment and nutrient pollution of surface water bodies downstream. Water retention in the upstream area results in better infiltration and provides a source of water for wildlife. As sediment is regularly deposited in the ponds, they need to be desilted to maintain effectiveness.

2.3 Photos of the Technology

Media Gallery

2.4 Videos of the Technology

Comments, short description:

video is not available

2.5 Country/ region/ locations where the Technology has been applied and which are covered by this assessment

Country:

Hungary

Region/ State/ Province:

Zala County

Further specification of location:

Esztergályhorváti

Specify the spread of the Technology:

applied at specific points/ concentrated on a small area

Is/are the technology site(s) located in a permanently protected area?

2.6 Date of implementation

If precise year is not known, indicate approximate date:

10-50 years ago

2.7 Introduction of the Technology

Specify how the Technology was introduced:

through projects/ external interventions

Comments (type of project, etc.):

A project supported the management of the catchment area to improve municipal security and recreation.

3. Classification of the SLM Technology

3.1 Main purpose(s) of the Technology

reduce, prevent, restore land degradation
protect a watershed/ downstream areas – in combination with other Technologies
reduce risk of disasters
mitigate climate change and its impacts
create beneficial social impact

3.2 Current land use type(s) where the Technology is applied

Land use mixed within the same land unit:

Cropland

Annual cropping

Annual cropping - Specify crops:

cereals - barley
cereals - maize
cereals - wheat (winter)
oilseed crops - sunflower, rapeseed, other

Number of growing seasons per year:

Is intercropping practiced?

Yes

If yes, specify which crops are intercropped:

cover crops are grown between cash crops

Is crop rotation practiced?

Yes

If yes, specify:

oilseed rape - winter wheat - maize - spring barley

3.3 Has land use changed due to the implementation of the Technology?

Has land use changed due to the implementation of the Technology?

No (Continue with question 3.4)

Land use mixed within the same land unit:

3.4 Water supply

Water supply for the land on which the Technology is applied:

rainfed

3.5 SLM group to which the Technology belongs

water harvesting
surface water management (spring, river, lakes, sea)
wetland protection/ management

3.6 SLM measures comprising the Technology

structural measures

S5: Dams, pans, ponds

3.7 Main types of land degradation addressed by the Technology

water degradation

Hp: decline of surface water quality

3.8 Prevention, reduction, or restoration of land degradation

Specify the goal of the Technology with regard to land degradation:

prevent land degradation
adapt to land degradation

4. Technical specifications, implementation activities, inputs, and costs

4.1 Technical drawing of the Technology

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Technical specifications (related to technical drawing):

Larger sedimentation ponds can be several square kilometers in size, while others are only a few tens or hundreds of square meters. Generally, the size of sedimentation ponds depends on the characteristics of the surrounding area, the amount and frequency of rainfall, and the sources of water supply to the pond. The depth of a sedimentation pond can also vary depending on its purpose and location. In general, sedimentation ponds are designed to have a shallow depth, typically around 1 to 3 meters.

Author:

Piroska Kassai

Date:

17/04/2023

4.2 General information regarding the calculation of inputs and costs

Specify how costs and inputs were calculated:

per Technology unit

Specify unit:

Pond

Specify dimensions of unit (if relevant):

108,000 m3

Specify currency used for cost calculations:

Indicate average wage cost of hired labour per day:

4.3 Establishment activities

	Activity	Timing (season)
1.	excavation of pond	not relevant
2.	building dam
3.	building flood gate
4.	excavation of ditch system

4.4 Costs and inputs needed for establishment

	Specify input	Unit	Quantity	Costs per Unit	Total costs per input
Other	building the wole system by contractor	whole pond and belongings	1.0	1420000.0	1420000.0
Total costs for establishment of the Technology					1420000.0
Total costs for establishment of the Technology in USD					1420000.0

If you are unable to break down the costs in the table above, give an estimation of the total costs of establishing the Technology:

1420000.0

If land user bore less than 100% of costs, indicate who covered the remaining costs:

costs were covered by public and municipal funds

4.5 Maintenance/ recurrent activities

	Activity	Timing/ frequency
1.	periodic excavation of deposited sediments	not relevant

4.6 Costs and inputs needed for maintenance/ recurrent activities (per year)

	Specify input	Unit	Quantity	Costs per Unit	Total costs per input
Other	periodic excavation of deposited sediments is carried out by contractor	whole work	1.0	40000.0	40000.0
Total costs for maintenance of the Technology					40000.0
Total costs for maintenance of the Technology in USD					40000.0

If you are unable to break down the costs in the table above, give an estimation of the total costs of maintaining the Technology:

40000.0

4.7 Most important factors affecting the costs

Describe the most determinate factors affecting the costs:

amount of sediments, topographical conditions

5. Natural and human environment

5.1 Climate

Annual rainfall

< 250 mm
251-500 mm
501-750 mm
751-1,000 mm
1,001-1,500 mm
1,501-2,000 mm
2,001-3,000 mm
3,001-4,000 mm
> 4,000 mm

Specify average annual rainfall (if known), in mm:

653.00

Specifications/ comments on rainfall:

distribution is uneven

Indicate the name of the reference meteorological station considered:

Keszthely meteorological station

Agro-climatic zone

sub-humid

distribution of rainfall is uneven, heat waves often occur during summertime

5.2 Topography

Slopes on average:

flat (0-2%)
gentle (3-5%)
moderate (6-10%)
rolling (11-15%)
hilly (16-30%)
steep (31-60%)
very steep (>60%)

Landforms:

plateau/plains
ridges
mountain slopes
hill slopes
footslopes
valley floors

Altitudinal zone:

0-100 m a.s.l.
101-500 m a.s.l.
501-1,000 m a.s.l.
1,001-1,500 m a.s.l.
1,501-2,000 m a.s.l.
2,001-2,500 m a.s.l.
2,501-3,000 m a.s.l.
3,001-4,000 m a.s.l.
> 4,000 m a.s.l.

Indicate if the Technology is specifically applied in:

concave situations

Comments and further specifications on topography:

landscape is hilly and different land use patterns (arable land, ward and forest) are mixed in the area

5.3 Soils

Soil depth on average:

very shallow (0-20 cm)
shallow (21-50 cm)
moderately deep (51-80 cm)
deep (81-120 cm)
very deep (> 120 cm)

Soil texture (topsoil):

fine/ heavy (clay)

Soil texture (> 20 cm below surface):

fine/ heavy (clay)

Topsoil organic matter:

medium (1-3%)

If available, attach full soil description or specify the available information, e.g. soil type, soil PH/ acidity, Cation Exchange Capacity, nitrogen, salinity etc.

Soil type is Luvisol

5.4 Water availability and quality

Ground water table:

5-50 m

Availability of surface water:

good

Water quality (untreated):

good drinking water

Water quality refers to:

ground water

Is water salinity a problem?

Is flooding of the area occurring?

Comments and further specifications on water quality and quantity:

source of pollution is agriculture (manure, fertilisers, pesticides)

5.5 Biodiversity

Species diversity:

medium

Habitat diversity:

high

5.6 Characteristics of land users applying the Technology

Sedentary or nomadic:

Sedentary

Market orientation of production system:

commercial/ market

Off-farm income:

less than 10% of all income

Relative level of wealth:

average

Individuals or groups:

individual/ household
groups/ community

Level of mechanization:

mechanized/ motorized

Gender:

women
men

Age of land users:

middle-aged
elderly

Indicate other relevant characteristics of the land users:

The pond was built by communal and local water authority collaboration.

5.7 Average area of land used by land users applying the Technology

< 0.5 ha
0.5-1 ha
1-2 ha
2-5 ha
5-15 ha
15-50 ha
50-100 ha
100-500 ha
500-1,000 ha
1,000-10,000 ha
> 10,000 ha

Is this considered small-, medium- or large-scale (referring to local context)?

medium-scale
large-scale

Comments:

large cooperatives and small farms are mixed in the area

5.8 Land ownership, land use rights, and water use rights

Land ownership:

individual, not titled
individual, titled

Land use rights:

leased
individual

Water use rights:

communal (organized)

Are land use rights based on a traditional legal system?

Yes

5.9 Access to services and infrastructure

health:

poor
moderate
good

education:

poor
moderate
good

technical assistance:

poor
moderate
good

employment (e.g. off-farm):

poor
moderate
good

markets:

poor
moderate
good

energy:

poor
moderate
good

roads and transport:

poor
moderate
good

drinking water and sanitation:

poor
moderate
good

financial services:

poor
moderate
good

6. Impacts and concluding statements

6.1 On-site impacts the Technology has shown

Socio-economic impacts

Water availability and quality

irrigation water availability

decreased

increased

Comments/ specify:

Water of sediment capture/retention ponds can be used for irrigation purposes, depending on the quality of the water and the intended use of the irrigation.

Socio-cultural impacts

recreational opportunities

reduced

improved

Comments/ specify:

Some retention ponds allow for some recreational activities too such as fishing, bird-watching, or walking trails around the pond.

Ecological impacts

Water cycle/ runoff

water quality

decreased

increased

Comments/ specify:

The water flowing out of the stormwater retention pond may be clearer than the water flowing into it because the sedimentation process in the pond removes suspended solids from the water.

harvesting/ collection of water

reduced

improved

Comments/ specify:

Water retention ponds are an effective way to collect and manage stormwater runoff.

surface runoff

increased

decreased

Comments/ specify:

Water retention ponds can help to reduce surface runoff during periods of heavy rainfall or snowmelt, which can help to mitigate the risk of flooding and erosion.

Soil

soil loss

increased

decreased

Comments/ specify:

By reducing the volume and peak flow rate of stormwater runoff, retention ponds can help to reduce the velocity and erosive power of water

Biodiversity: vegetation, animals

animal diversity

decreased

increased

Comments/ specify:

Water retention ponds can have both positive and negative effects on biodiversity. Besides fish and waterfowl, mosquitoes may also proliferate, which can be disturbing for nearby settlements.

habitat diversity

decreased

increased

Climate and disaster risk reduction

flood impacts

increased

decreased

Comments/ specify:

Stormwater retention ponds are the most effective solutions to prevent floods and their impacts

landslides/ debris flows

increased

decreased

micro-climate

worsened

improved

Comments/ specify:

Ponds can increase humidity levels and the presence of vegetation around the water body can also have a cooling effect

6.2 Off-site impacts the Technology has shown

downstream flooding

increased

reduced

downstream siltation

increased

decreased

Comments/ specify:

Lakes are capable of capturing large amounts of sediment.

groundwater/ river pollution

increased

reduced

Comments/ specify:

The stream water flowing out of lakes is generally much cleaner and less polluted due to the settling of suspended sediment.

buffering/ filtering capacity

reduced

improved

Comments/ specify:

Stormwater retention ponds and other similar water bodies can act as natural filters.

damage on public/ private infrastructure

increased

reduced

Comments/ specify:

By providing a place for the excess water to go, these ponds reduce the amount of water that flows onto streets and buildings, which can help prevent flash flooding and water damage.

6.3 Exposure and sensitivity of the Technology to gradual climate change and climate-related extremes/ disasters (as perceived by land users)

Gradual climate change

	Season	increase or decrease	How does the Technology cope with it?
annual temperature		increase	well
annual rainfall		decrease	very well

Climate-related extremes (disasters)

Hydrological disasters

	How does the Technology cope with it?
general (river) flood	well
flash flood	moderately

6.4 Cost-benefit analysis

How do the benefits compare with the establishment costs (from land users’ perspective)?

Short-term returns:

positive

Long-term returns:

positive

How do the benefits compare with the maintenance/ recurrent costs (from land users' perspective)?

Short-term returns:

neutral/ balanced

Long-term returns:

positive

Comments:

These ponds are not generally constructed by land users, but by municipalities using grants/subsidies. Therefore, it is a very cost-effective solution from land users perspective in both the short and long term.

6.5 Adoption of the Technology

single cases/ experimental

Of all those who have adopted the Technology, how many did so spontaneously, i.e. without receiving any material incentives/ payments?

0-10%

Comments:

zero

6.6 Adaptation

Has the Technology been modified recently to adapt to changing conditions?

6.7 Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities of the Technology

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the land user’s view
water reservoir for irrigation

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view
possible fish pond management
recreation
increasing habitat and bio diversity

6.8 Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks of the Technology and ways of overcoming them

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the land user’s view	How can they be overcome?
habitats for mosquitoes

7. References and links

7.1 Methods/ sources of information

field visits, field surveys

interviews with land users

When were the data compiled (in the field)?

15/10/2022

7.2 References to available publications

Title, author, year, ISBN:

Ponds - Planning, Design, Construction (Agriculture Handbook 590), USDA, ISBN 9781365086069

Available from where? Costs?

enbook.hu, 25 USD

7.3 Links to relevant online information

Title/ description:

European NWRM Platform

URL:

http://nwrm.eu/measures-catalogue

7.4 General comments

Questionnaire is very detailed

Links and modules

Collapse all

Links

approaches

Farmer own initiated water harvesting pond in the … [Bangladesh]

This is an indigenous approach to store rain water for irrigating rice and other crops in the hillside earthen dam.

Compiler: Tuku Talukder
12/31/2008 midnight

Modules

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