1.2 Contact details of resource persons and institutions involved in the assessment and documentation of the Technology

Name of the institution(s) which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)

1.3 Conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT

The compiler and key resource person(s) accept the conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT:

Yes

2.1 Short description of the Technology

Definition of the Technology:

Water borne manuring system involves runoff water driving the manure placed in trenches to every individual citrus tree which fruits through the year.

2.2 Detailed description of the Technology

Description:

The citrus orchard is sited on a gently sloping land. A cowshed is built on the upper part of the slopy land. When it rains the runoff removes the manure from the shed and the trenches to the orchard. This enables the citrus to fruit throught the year. A combination of water harvesting and soil fertility improvement, a process technically known as fertigation.

Purpose of the Technology: Water harvesting and soil fertility improvement for increased production and income.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: After establishing the orchard several trenches are made leading to each citrus tree. The trenches are almost graded which enables the flow of runoff and manure by gravity. Additional manure is heaped at several points along the trenches. The trenches are regularly maintained.

Natural / human environment: The technology involves and is on a perrenial cropland. It is both structural and agronomical in nature, located in a semi-arid zone. Soil is sandy loam and on a very gentle slope.

2.5 Country/ region/ locations where the Technology has been applied and which are covered by this assessment

Country:

Uganda

Region/ State/ Province:

Soroti

Further specification of location:

Soroti

Specify the spread of the Technology:

• evenly spread over an area

If precise area is not known, indicate approximate area covered:

• 1-10 km2

Comments:

The SWC technology is applied by farmers scattered all over Asuret Subcounty

Map

×

2.6 Date of implementation

If precise year is not known, indicate approximate date:

• more than 50 years ago (traditional)

2.7 Introduction of the Technology

Specify how the Technology was introduced:

• through projects/ external interventions

Comments (type of project, etc.):

A farmer own intiative, continously modified as a result of exposure to other landuser and extension staff.

3.1 Main purpose(s) of the Technology

• improve production
• reduce, prevent, restore land degradation
• create beneficial economic impact

3.2 Current land use type(s) where the Technology is applied

Cropland

• Annual cropping
• Perennial (non-woody) cropping
• Tree and shrub cropping

Annual cropping - Specify crops:

• fibre crops - cotton
• oilseed crops - sunflower, rapeseed, other
• oilseed crops - groundnuts
• root/tuber crops - sweet potatoes, yams, taro/cocoyam, other
• root/tuber crops - cassava

Perennial (non-woody) cropping - Specify crops:

• pineapple

Tree and shrub cropping - Specify crops:

• citrus
• mango, mangosteen, guava

Number of growing seasons per year:

• 2

Specify:

Longest growing period in days: 100 Longest growing period from month to month: Mar - Jul Second longest growing period in days: 70 Second longest growing period from month to month: Aug - Nov

Comments:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): inadequate soil moisture due to recurrent drought, declining soil fertility

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): few structures to control runoff water and wind erosion.

3.4 Water supply

Water supply for the land on which the Technology is applied:

• rainfed

3.5 SLM group to which the Technology belongs

• integrated soil fertility management
• water harvesting
• irrigation management (incl. water supply, drainage)

3.6 SLM measures comprising the Technology

3.7 Main types of land degradation addressed by the Technology

chemical soil deterioration

• Cn: fertility decline and reduced organic matter content (not caused by erosion)

water degradation

• Ha: aridification

Comments:

Main type of degradation addressed: Cn: fertility decline and reduced organic matter content

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Ha: aridification

3.8 Prevention, reduction, or restoration of land degradation

Specify the goal of the Technology with regard to land degradation:

• reduce land degradation

4.1 Technical drawing of the Technology

4.2 General information regarding the calculation of inputs and costs

other/ national currency (specify):

Uganda shillings

If relevant, indicate exchange rate from USD to local currency (e.g. 1 USD = 79.9 Brazilian Real): 1 USD =:

1500.0

4.3 Establishment activities

4.4 Costs and inputs needed for establishment

Comments:

Duration of establishment phase: 12 month(s)

4.5 Maintenance/ recurrent activities

4.6 Costs and inputs needed for maintenance/ recurrent activities (per year)

4.7 Most important factors affecting the costs

Describe the most determinate factors affecting the costs:

Labour and farm inputs

5.1 Climate

5.2 Topography

Comments and further specifications on topography:

Altitudinal zone: 1001-1500 m a.s.l. (between 1066 - 1219m a.s.l.)

5.3 Soils

If available, attach full soil description or specify the available information, e.g. soil type, soil PH/ acidity, Cation Exchange Capacity, nitrogen, salinity etc.

Soil fertility: Medium (ranked 1) and low (ranked 2)
Soil drainage/infiltration: Good (ranked 1) and medium (ranked 2)
Soil water storage capacity: medium (ranked 1) and high (ranked 2)

5.6 Characteristics of land users applying the Technology

Indicate other relevant characteristics of the land users:

Population density: 50-100 persons/km2
Annual population growth: 0.5% - 1%
2% of the land users are rich and own 1% of the land.
4% of the land users are average wealthy and own 1% of the land.
14% of the land users are poor and own 8% of the land.
80% of the land users are poor and own 90% of the land.
Level of mechanization: Manual work (ranked 1, concentrated in small area and manual labour is very applicable), animal traction (ranked 2)

5.7 Average area of land used by land users applying the Technology

5.8 Land ownership, land use rights, and water use rights

Land ownership:

• individual, not titled

Land use rights:

• individual

6.1 On-site impacts the Technology has shown

Socio-economic impacts

Production

Income and costs

Other socio-economic impacts

Socio-cultural impacts

Ecological impacts

Water cycle/ runoff

Soil

Biodiversity: vegetation, animals

Climate and disaster risk reduction

Other ecological impacts

6.2 Off-site impacts the Technology has shown

6.4 Cost-benefit analysis

How do the benefits compare with the establishment costs (from land users’ perspective)?

How do the benefits compare with the maintenance/ recurrent costs (from land users' perspective)?

6.5 Adoption of the Technology

Comments:

There is a moderate trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: the technology are permanent and result oriented

6.7 Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities of the Technology

6.8 Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks of the Technology and ways of overcoming them

7.1 Methods/ sources of information

7.2 References to available publications

Title, author, year, ISBN:

Atlas of Uganda dept of lands and survey. 1967.

Available from where? Costs?

Entebbe Uganda

Title, author, year, ISBN:

Promoting farmer innovation project, Min of Agriculture, animal industry, and fisheries. 1997.

Title, author, year, ISBN:

soil map of the world FAO. 1990.

Title, author, year, ISBN:

Soil of Eastern region of Uganda dept of lands and survey UGA.. 1964.