Enfoques

Land Use Certificate to engage youth in Agriculture [Bután]

'Sa cha Kelchay Lakher'

approaches_6886 - Bután

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1. Información general

1.2 Detalles de contacto de las personas de referencia e instituciones involucradas en la evaluación y la documentación del Enfoque

Persona(s) de referencia clave/s

Usuario de la tierra:

Tenzin Kuenzang

17582178

Tshendung, Lichen Chiwog, Yangtse gewog

Bután

Usuario de la tierra:

Wangmo Sither

17459445

Tshendung, Lichen Chiwog, Yangtse gewog

Bután

Nombre del proyecto que facilitó la documentación/ evaluación del Enfoque (si fuera relevante)
Strengthening national-level institutional and professional capacities of country Parties towards enhanced UNCCD monitoring and reporting – GEF 7 EA Umbrella II (GEF 7 UNCCD Enabling Activities_Umbrella II)
Nombre de la(s) institución(es) que facilitaron la documentación/ evaluación del Enfoque si fuera relevante)
National Soil Services Centre, Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture & Livestock (NSSC) - Bután

1.3 Condiciones referidas al uso de datos documentados mediante WOCAT

¿Cuándo se compilaron los datos (en el campo)?

19/07/2023

El compilador y la/s persona(s) de referencia claves aceptan las condiciones acerca del uso de los datos documentados mediante WOCAT :

Sí

2. Descripción del Enfoque MST

2.1 Breve descripción del Enfoque

The Land Use Certification (LUC) commenced in 2015 as the new allocation system for land and provided a new title of land tenure. Initially, LUC focused on allotting land to Government institutions and Gerab Dratshang (monastic bodies). However, LUC later focused on the unemployed youth who were interested in commercial farming.

2.2 Descripción detallada del Enfoque MST

Descripción detallada del Enfoque MST:

The Land Use Certification (LUC) commenced in 2015 as the new system for the allocation of land and a new title of land tenure. Initially, LUC focused on allotting land to Government institutions and Gerab Dratshang (monastic bodies). However, LUC later focused on the unemployed youth who were interested in commercial farming. This documentation is based on the LUC group ‘Tshendung LUC Integrated Farming Association'.
The main aims of the LUC approach are 1) to help sustainably manage and enhance productive use of land, 2) to encourage next-generation farming through farm mechanization and large-scale enterprising farming, and 3) to enhance the rural economy.
The approach started as an initiative towards the realization of the noble vision of strengthening sovereignty and security and enhancing social policy of equity and the national objective of self-reliance. Unemployed youth groups are expected to help sustainably manage and enhance the productive use of land - and the approach was to encourage next-generation farming through farm mechanization and large-scale production to promote enterprise-based farming and enhance the rural economy. Initially, it started with a meeting between district officials and unemployed youth. Later, bylaws were created, and agreements were signed. This was followed by sending youth for capacity development within and outside the country. They were trained on how to operate power tillers, use grass cutters and chain saws, and on the installation of electric fencing and greenhouses. In addition, they were trained in how to grow vegetables, fruit crops, and livestock production. In parallel infrastructure development activities were taking place in the current project sites.
The Tshendung LUC Integrated Farming Association enables land users to carry out agricultural activities more effectively. In addition, the association was able to transport and market their produce more efficiently than individual households. Other co-benefits reported are the improved community sense and enhanced social cohesion because the exchange of experiences and collaboration builds mutual trust. Working in a group eases hard physical work on the 9 acres (3.6 ha) of land.
The District Office initiated the group formation upon command from higher authority. They were also involved in planning, forming groups, bylaws, and monitoring the activities of the group. The District agricultural and livestock officers provided technical guidance on crop and livestock production. They also provided them with agricultural inputs. Lichen Primary School are consumers of the agricultural and livestock goods produced by the group. Land users are involved in planning the production and marketing of agricultural and animal products.
Initially, there were 11 youths in the group. They were provided with wide-ranging training and support including the preparation of land for growing crops and the construction of their residence. In addition to agricultural inputs like seeds, and saplings, the group was also provided farm machinery and farm tools for easy implementation of farm works. The group is happy with all the initiatives the government has done, however, one thing that discouraged the group from continuing with farming activities was the location of the site. They didn't like the location - which is in the middle of the forest around 15-20km away from the town. This makes transportation of agricultural inputs like seeds and feeds and marketing of agricultural and livestock products very difficult. The government initially supported the group with everything but later this support was withdrawn, which made it very difficult for the group to survive on their own.

2.3 Fotos del Enfoque

Galería de medios

2.5 País/ región/ lugares donde el Enfoque fue aplicado

País:

Bután

Región/ Estado/ Provincia:

Lichen, Trashi Yangtse: Bhutan

Especifique más el lugar :

Tshendung, Lichen chiwog (village), Yangtse gewog (sub district): Trashi Yangtse Dzongkhag (District)

Previsualización del mapa

2.6 Fechas de inicio y conclusión del Enfoque

Indique año del inicio:

2015

Si no se conoce el año preciso, indique la fecha aproximada en la que se inició el Enfoque:

hace menos de 10 años (recientemente)

Comentarios:

The Land Use Certification (LUC) is an initiative commenced in 2015 as the new allotment system of land and a new title of land tenure.

2.7 Tipo de Enfoque

  • iniciativa local reciente/ innovadora

2.8 Propósitos/ objetivos principales del Enfoque

The main aims/objectives of the approach are to 1) foster youth entrepreneurship in the country, 2) promote, foster, encourage, and assist the efficient, convenient marketing and distribution of agricultural products, livestock, and associated by-products with the growing market within Trashi Yangtse and other districts in the country.

2.9 Condiciones que facilitan o impiden la implementación de la/s Tecnología/s aplicadas bajo el Enfoque

normas y valores sociales/ culturales/ religiosos
  • facilitan

Land users are generally from the same local ethnic groups called Yangtsepa. They shared the same social, cultural, religious, norms and values. Gender equality is considered and importance and priority is given equally.

disponibilidad/ acceso a recursos y servicios financieros
  • impiden

Initially, land users were provided all required support by the project including financial support, however, when the land users started implementing and working on the approach own their own. Getting financial support was difficult.

entorno institucional
  • impiden

Initially, there were 11 land users involved, however, today only two of the land users are active. Shortage of human resources hinders production and this result in low profit.

colaboración/ coordinación de actores
  • impiden

Although the land users are able to produce a certain quantity of vegetables there are not many collaborators willing to buy their produce. They also lack a farm manager who can dedicate 100% of his time in marketing and finding collaborators.

conocimiento de MST, acceso a apoyo técnico
  • facilitan

Technical support related to agriculture and livestock is provided by the District Agriculture officer and livestock officers. Inputs like seeds are also freely provided by the district. The activities are also monitored by the officers and advices are given if land users are doing thing wrongly.

mercados (para comprar insumos, vender productos) y precios
  • impiden

The site of the approach is located very far from the market. The size of the market is very small with lots of other competitors like farmers groups i.e., Vegetable group, milk group, etc. And due to this competition, the prices the land users get are very low.

carga de trabajo, disponibilidad de mano de obra
  • impiden

Totally, there are about 9 acres of land and there are only two land users who are active and working in the land. The workload is too much and this affects their production.

3. Participación y roles de las partes interesadas involucradas

3.1 Partes interesadas involucradas en el Enfoque y sus roles

  • usuarios locales de tierras/ comunidades locales

Youth from local communities

They are the land users on the project site.

  • especialistas MST/consejeros agrícolas

District Agriculture and Livestock officers

Advisors: All technical supports related to the production of crops and livestock are provided by these officers.

  • profesores/ niños en edad escolar/ estudiantes

Lichen Primary School

Consumers: Vegetables produced by the land users are sold to the school.

  • gobierno nacional (planificadores, autoridades)

District head office

Decision makers: provide technical support and financial support. involved in the planning and implementation of the activities under the approach.

3.2 Involucramiento de los usuarios locales de tierras/ comunidades locales en las distintas fases del Enfoque
Involucramiento de los usuarios locales de tierras/ comunidades locales Especifique quién se involucró y describa las actividades
iniciación/ motivación apoyo externo District officer, Kidu officer directed the youths on the opportunity through this approach.
planificación interactivo The district officer, engineer, agricultural and livestock extension officer, head of the gewog/block, and land users identified the place and started the planning.
implementación interactivo The district engineer started the land development activities by creating a terrace and farm road. This was later followed by agricultural and livestock activities.
monitoreo y evaluación interactivo Focal person for LUC Agriculture extension officer Livestock extension officer District legal officer

3.3 Flujograma (si estuviera disponible)

Descripción:

Flow chart of the major events that took place before youth started taking care of the land. Also indicates different phase of approach and stakeholders involved.

Autor:

Ongpo Lepcha

3.4 La toma de decisiones en la selección de Tecnología(s) MST

Especifique quién decidió la selección de las Tecnología/ Tecnologías a implementarse:
  • solamente usuarios de tierras (autoiniciativa)
Explique:

Initially, a part of electric fencing was done by the government, and later the group installed a part of greenhouse. Chicken manure and leaf mould, and top soil from the forest were collected and applied.

Especifique las bases que sustentaron la toma de decisiones:
  • la experiencia personal y opiniones (no documentadas)

4. Apoyo técnico, fortalecimiento institucional y gestión del conocimiento

4.1 Construcción de capacidades / capacitación

¿Se proporcionó la capacitación a usuarios de tierras/ otras partes interesadas?

Sí

Especifique quién fue capacitado:
  • usuarios de tierras
Si fuese relevante, también especifique género, edad, estatus, etnicidad, etc.

10 males and a female were trained. They were all under the age of 25.

Forma de capacitación:
  • de agricultor a agricultor
  • áreas de demostración
Temas avanzados:

Production of fruits and vegetables, Poultry and dairy production, Power tiller operation, and record keeping.

Comentarios:

Land users were sent to India for the site visit to explore and learn about poultry production, dairy production, and vegetable and fruit production. Some of them attended training on how to operate power tillers.

4.2 Servicio de asesoría

¿Los usuarios de tierras tienen acceso a un servicio de asesoría?

Sí

Especifique si servicio proporcionado se realizó:
  • en los campos de los usuarios de tierras
  • en centros permanentes
Describa/ comentarios:

The agricultural extension officer and livestock officer provided advice on what crop to grow, and what livestock to rear.

4.3 Fortalecimiento institucional (desarrollo institucional)

¿Se establecieron o fortalecieron instituciones mediante el Enfoque?
  • sí, moderadamente
Especifique el nivel o los niveles en los que se fortalecieron o establecieron las instituciones:
  • local
Describa la institución, roles y responsabilidades, miembros, etc.

Institutional strengthening between the group and the Lichen Primary School was strengthened. Here the group is a producer of vegetables, butter, and cheese and the school is the buyer.

4.4 Monitoreo y evaluación

¿El monitoreo y la evaluación forman parte del Enfoque?

Sí

Comentarios:

Crop and livestock production were monitored through observation by the agricultural officer and livestock officer.

Si respondió que sí, ¿la documentación se utilizará para monitoreo y evaluación?

Sí

4.5 Investigación

¿La investigación formó parte del Enfoque?

Sí

Especifique los temas:
  • economía/ marketing
  • tecnología
Proporcione detalles adicionales e indique quién hizo la investigación:

The research was conducted to study the feasibility of different vegetables in different seasons. Trials were conducted and land users found out that most vegetables don't do well except vegetables like cabbage, beans, and chilli.

5. Financiamiento y apoyo material externo

5.1 Presupuesto anual para el componente MST del Enfoque

Comentarios (ej. fuentes principales de financiamiento/ donantes principales):

There is no budget allocated for any SLM technologies in this approach. All financial needs were met by the project.

5.2 Apoyo financiero/material proporcionado a los usuarios de tierras

¿Los usuarios de tierras recibieron financiamiento/ apoyo material para implementar la Tecnología/ Tecnologías? :

Sí

Si respondió sí, especifique el tipo o los tipos de apoyo, condiciones y proveedor(es) :

Construction support: Road constructed by project, land development done by project
Constructional material support: Electric fencing, housing, Irrigation, greenhouse, power tillers, power chain, grass cutter, wheelbarrow, secateurs, spades, shovels, etc.

5.3 Subsidios para insumos específicos (incluyendo mano de obra)

  • equipo
Especifique qué insumos se subsidiaron En qué grado Especifique los subsidios
maquinaria totalmente financiado The cost for 3 power tillers, 3 power tillers, 3 grass cutters, and 1 chaffer is all provided by the project for free.
herramientas totalmente financiado Tools like spades, secateurs, shovels, spade, sickle, rake, pruning saw, wheelbarrow, knife,
  • agrícola
Especifique qué insumos se subsidiaron En qué grado Especifique los subsidios
semillas totalmente financiado Vegetable seeds were provided free by the project
fertilizantes totalmente financiado Suphala were initially provided for free.
  • construcción
Especifique qué insumos se subsidiaron En qué grado Especifique los subsidios
caminos totalmente financiado The cost involved in road and land development was paid by the project.
House totalmente financiado All materials used for making house and stores were provided by the project.
  • infraestructura
Especifique qué insumos se subsidiaron En qué grado Especifique los subsidios
Si la mano de obra de usuarios de tierras fue un insumo sustancial, ¿fue:
  • recompensado con otro tipo de apoyo material?
Comentarios:

Land users (youth) worked in the group for the installation of the greenhouse, electric fencing, construction of a poultry shed, and apartment bungalow for themselves.

5.4 Crédito

¿Se proporcionó crédito bajo el Enfoque para actividades MST?

No

5.5 Otros incentivos o instrumentos

¿Se usaron otros incentivos o instrumentos para promover la implementación de Tecnologías MST?

Sí

Si fuera el caso, especifique :

Land development was carried out under the supervision of the District Agricultural and livestock officers, who are SLM experts at the district level. Greenhouses with simi automated irrigation, terraces with bunds, and electric fencing were promoted as incentives through the project.

6. Análisis de impacto y comentarios de conclusión

6.1 Impactos del Enfoque

¿El Enfoque empoderó a los usuarios locales de tierras, mejoró el involucramiento de las partes interesadas?
  • No
  • Sí, un poco
  • Sí, moderadamente
  • Sí, mucho

Land users received various training which helped them equip with knowledge and skills related to the use of agricultural machinery like power tillers, grass cutters, and chaffer machines. In addition, they also learned how to grow vegetables and fruits scientifically.

¿El Enfoque facilitó la toma de decisiones basada en evidencia?
  • No
  • Sí, un poco
  • Sí, moderadamente
  • Sí, mucho

Land users initially practiced growing crops based on the local communities, however, later they learned to do off-season vegetables using a greenhouse, and the vegetables they grew were all based on the evidence that some vegetables are not doing good in the location.

¿El Enfoque ayudó a los usuarios de tierras a implementar y mantener Tecnologías MST?
  • No
  • Sí, un poco
  • Sí, moderadamente
  • Sí, mucho

The site of the approach is located away from local communities. Using technologies like electric fencing became very important. The land user also shared their view on aspects and slopes of the land and their activities like maintaining the slope and fertility of the land. Land user also added that they were taught how to grow Napier grass to reduce land degradation.

¿El Enfoque mejoró el conocimiento y capacidades de los usuarios para implementar MST?
  • No
  • Sí, un poco
  • Sí, moderadamente
  • Sí, mucho

Land users received various training which helped them equip with knowledge and skills related to the use of agricultural machinery like power tillers, grass cutters, and chaffer machines. In addition, they also learned how to grow vegetables and fruits scientifically. This knowledge and skills indirectly helped them to maintain soil fertility and increase production.

¿El Enfoque empoderó a grupos en desventaja social y económica?
  • No
  • Sí, un poco
  • Sí, moderadamente
  • Sí, mucho

Land users were mostly unemployed youths from nearby villages. They were sons and daughters of socially and economically disadvantaged groups. Some of them had an educational background and some never went to school. The approach have empower this youth very much in term of knowledge and skills.

¿El Enfoque alentó a jóvenes/ la siguiente generación de usuarios de tierras a involucrarse con MST?
  • No
  • Sí, un poco
  • Sí, moderadamente
  • Sí, mucho

Land users were mostly youth between the age group of 20 to 30. This indicates that the approach has encouraged young people to engage in SLM.

¿El Enfoque llevó a oportunidades de empleo, ingresos?
  • No
  • Sí, un poco
  • Sí, moderadamente
  • Sí, mucho

It was learned that initially when this approach first started there were around 20 youths involved. Many youths have left the group after they have improved their skills and knowledge through the approach. Today many of them have their own farm and business.

6.2 Motivación principal del usuario de la tierra para implementar MST

  • producción incrementada

The land user shared that increased agricultural production through the approach motivated them the most. More production means more money for the youth.

  • pagos/ subsidios

More than the production, payments/subsidies motivated them the most. The project supported them from land preparation to providing capacity development through training and site visits to some international sites.

6.3 Sostenibilidad de las actividades del Enfoque

¿Pueden los usuarios de tierras sostener lo que se implementó mediante el Enfoque (sin apoyo externo)?
  • no
Si respondió no o incierto, especifique y comente:

Initially, many land users were involved in sustaining and implementing the approach. However, later many land users could not continue to be part of the approach. In this case, the present land user said that in the future it will be very difficult to sustain what has been implemented through the approach. This is mainly because different land users were trained in different aspects of the approach. Secondly, the less number of land users involved cannot look after a huge area i.e., 9 acres.

6.4 Fortalezas/ ventajas del Enfoque

Fuerzas/ ventajas/ oportunidades desde la perspectiva del usuario de la tierra
Employment: The approach provided employment opportunities to more than 20 youth who were from socially and economically disabled groups.
Income: The approach also became the source of income for 20 youths who were involved in the approach.
Diversified source of income: With support from the project many technologies were incorporated into the site, like a poultry farm, fruit trees, vegetables, and a greenhouse. These technologies acted as a source of income for the land users.
Fuerzas/ ventajas/ oportunidades desde la perspectiva del compilador o de otra persona de referencia clave
Capacity building and opportunities: Through the approach, land users were trained in different aspects like how to use power tillers, power chains, and grass cutters. livestock rearing, vegetables, and fruit cultivation. Through this training, their knowledge and skills were developed which was plus point as it provided an opportunity to look for better options.

6.5 Debilidades/ desventajas del Enfoque y formas de sobreponerse a ellos

Debilidades/ desventajas/ riesgos desde la perspectiva del usuario de la tierra ¿Cómo sobreponerse a ellas?
Labor shortage: Initially 20 land users were involved however as time passed by, many left the group and this created a labor shortage. If the government can penalize those who leave the group.
Crop failure: Since the site is located in a high altitude area (2300 masl) many crops do not grow well. This discourages land users and many left the group. Greenhouses are provided with drip irrigation facilities only. If Automation is added in the greenhouse it could solve the problem.
Marketing: Local markets are captured by local producers. Land users shared their views on exploring market opportunities in another district. They also added that even if they find a good market it will be difficult since they don't have their own marketing van. Providing marketing van.
Debilidades/ desventajas/ riesgos desde la perspectiva del compilador o de otra persona de referencia clave ¿Cómo sobreponerse a ellas?
A penalty for breach of contract: The land users were free to leave the group even after receiving capacity development training. If this was the case a time will come when everyone will leave. Therefore, we felt the government should make strict rules on those who leave the group after getting training.
Wrong site selection: The current site is located 15-20Km away from the main town. The site is also located in the middle of the forest. When sites are very far from the market, it will be difficult for transporting agricultural inputs/products to and from the market. Providing a marketing van or changing the site.
Loan: Government should arrange loan facilities for land users. This is because initially they were huge in number and the government supported them with everything. Now there are very less number of active land users and they require financial support to hire laborers and to buy agricultural inputs like seeds and feed for animals. If loan facilities are arranged for active land users it would solve the problem.

7. Referencias y vínculos

7.1 Métodos/ fuentes de información

  • visitas de campo, encuestas de campo

field visits to a site representative of other sites and a survey was carried out.

  • entrevistas con usuarios de tierras

Interviewed two active land users who were representative of the land users involved in the approach.

  • entrevistas con especialistas/ expertos en MST

interviewed the District Livestock officer who is a focal person involved in the approach.

  • compilación de informes y otra documentación existente

Existing documents like agreement of the approach, their guidelines, and national reports were used for documentation.

7.2 Referencias a publicaciones disponibles

Título, autor, año, ISBN:

Tshendung LUC Integrated Farming Association By-laws, Trashi Yangtse, 2020

¿Dónde se halla disponible? ¿Costo?

Copy of the agreement provided by the land users (free)

7.3 Vínculos a la información relevante disponible en línea

Título/ descripción:

Land Use Certification, National Land Commission quarterly newsletter (Vol. V, Issue II), 2018

URL:

https://www.nlcs.gov.bt/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/English-Newsletter-Volume-V-Issue-II.pdf

Título/ descripción:

Land Use Certification pilot project covers Six Eastern Dzongkhags, National Land Commission quarterly newsletter (Vol. V, Issue III), 2018

URL:

https://www.nlcs.gov.bt/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/English-Newsletter-Volume-V-Issue-III.pdf

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