Tecnologías

Soil bund & Fanya Juu combined & vegetated [Etiopía]

Creación: 02/06/2011 14:35
Actualización: 10/09/2019 10:35
Compilador: Daniel Danano
Editor: –
Revisores: Fabian Ottiger, Alexandra Gavilano

technologies_1078 - Etiopía

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1. Información general

2. Descripción de la Tecnología MST

2.1 Breve descripción de la Tecnología

Definición de la Tecnología:

Soil bund and Fanya Juu constructed along the contour lines in microwatershed to conserve soil moisture and control erosion.

2.2 Descripción detallada de la Tecnología

Descripción:

Soil bund and Fanya Juu constructed in combination in a microwatershed for retaining maximum possible rain water in the soil by obstructing runoff water. Soil bunds are suitable for steeper slopes compared to fanya juu terraces which are more effective in gentle and flatter slopes.Land users in the SWC area prefer to combine the two physical structures for many reasons.One important factor is the cost of establishment, which is a function of labour needed for the construction. Fanya juu which means throwing soil upslope in Kiswahili intails throwing soil upslope which is more labours than throwing soil to downslope in the case of soil bunds. The other reason is that cultivated lands with fanya juu terraces are not easily accessed by free grazing livestock. The ditches placed in the downslope side of the embankment (fanya juu) is not easily vrossable but in soil bund although not that easy livestock are seen to trample over the embankment and jump the ditch which is placed in the upslope side. The other advantage farmers consider is that Fanya juu is more efficient in controlling runoff because the water that overtops the embankment is trapped by the ditch. Fanya Juu despite its high cost is preferred to be applied in combination with bunds because of the other advantage that it forms bench terrace rapidly.

Purpose of the Technology: The major purpose is to trap as much rain water as possible and also control soil erosion. Cultivated lands with with Soil bund and Fanya Juu have shown remarkable improvement in soil moistureavailability to crops compared to fields with no measures.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: Soil bund and Fanya Juu are established in the same way by digging soil from and embanking it on a contour line. A contour line is laid out by following zero gradient. Once the soil is dug and embanked it is lightly compacted to avoid colapse. To further ensure bund stabilityuseful trees/shrubs are planted.The planted tree/shrub species are those offering multiuses such as fodder, fertility improving and fuelwood. Maintenance: It is done by repairing breaks and managing planted trees on the structure or by upgrading the structure by increasing its height and plant improved tree and fruit tree species.

Natural / human environment: The technology is suitable to semiarid climatic condition which have erratic rains and where crop production is limited by soil moisture stress. Soils in the technology area are susceptable to erosion and therefore the structure should be stablized by planting trees or grass species.

2.5 País/ región/ lugares donde la Tecnología fue aplicada y que se hallan comprendidos por esta evaluación

País:

Etiopía

Región/ Estado/ Provincia:

Oromia

Especifique más el lugar :

Oromia

Comentarios:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 15 km2.

Soil and water conservation activities started in the area about 30 years ago by the extension program of the Ministry of Agriculture. Systematically planned SWC measures, however, came into picture recently as Integrated microwatersheds planning & implementation approach was introduced.

2.6 Fecha de la implementación

Si no se conoce el año preciso, indique la fecha aproximada:

hace menos de 10 años (recientemente)

2.7 Introducción de la Tecnología

Especifique cómo se introdujo la Tecnología:

mediante proyectos/ intervenciones externas

Comentarios (tipo de proyecto, etc.):

Fanya juu is first practiced in Kenya and soil bunds are also exotic but experienced widely in Ethiopia over the past 30 years.

3. Clasificación de la Tecnología MST

3.1 Propósito(s) principal(es) de la Tecnología MST

reducir, prevenir, restaurar la degradación del suelo
conservar el ecosistema

3.2 Tipo(s) actuales de uso de la tierra donde se aplica la Tecnología

Tierras cultivadas

Cosecha anual
Cultivos perennes (no leñosos)
Cosecha de árboles y arbustos

Cosechas anuales - Especifique cultivos:

cereales - maíz
cereales - otros
cereales - sorgo
leguminosas y legumbres - frijoles
cultivos de semillas oleaginosas - girasol, colza, otros

teff, wheat

local, elephant grass

casea seame, leucanea, sesbania

Especifique:

Longest growing period in days: 210 Longest growing period from month to month: Apr - Nov

¿Se practica el intercultivo?

Sí

Si respondió que sí, especifique qué cultivos son intercultivados:

sorghum-teff-beans

Tierra de pastoreo

Bosques