1.2 Detalles de contacto de las personas de referencia e instituciones involucradas en la evaluación y la documentación de la Tecnología

Nombre del proyecto que financió la documentación/ evaluación de la Tecnología (si fuera relevante)

Soil protection and rehabilitation for food security (ProSo(i)l)

Nombre de la(s) institución(es) que facilitaron la documentación/ evaluación de la Tecnología (si fuera relevante)

GIZ India (GIZ India) - India

Nombre de la(s) institución(es) que facilitaron la documentación/ evaluación de la Tecnología (si fuera relevante)

Alliance Bioversity and International Center for Tropical Agriculture (Alliance Bioversity-CIAT) - Kenia

Nombre de la(s) institución(es) que facilitaron la documentación/ evaluación de la Tecnología (si fuera relevante)

Ecociate Consultants (Ecociate Consultants) - India

1.3 Condiciones referidas al uso de datos documentados mediante WOCAT

El compilador y la/s persona(s) de referencia claves aceptan las condiciones acerca del uso de los datos documentados mediante WOCAT:

Sí

1.4 Declaración de la sostenibilidad de la Tecnología descrita

¿La Tecnología aquí descrita resulta problemática en relación a la degradación de la tierra, de tal forma que no puede considerársela una tecnología sostenible para el manejo de la tierra?

No

Comentarios:

The technology described is aimed at restoring community land by controlling the spread of the invasive plant species known as Lantana Camara

2.1 Breve descripción de la Tecnología

Definición de la Tecnología:

Community-based soil rehabilitation by eradicating the invasive plant Lantana Camara using the 'cut rootstock' method (refer to WOCAT technology 6660) is an effective, cost-efficient, and sustainable approach to restoring grasslands on common lands in the Mandla District of Madhya Pradesh. The three-tier institutional structure used in this eradication process involved the formation of informal women groups at the hamlet level (village organisational structure), the Village Environment Committee (VEC) at the village level, and an Executive Committee at the cluster level (higher organisational structure) so to ensure community involvement and ownership.

2.2 Descripción detallada de la Tecnología

Descripción:

Community-based soil rehabilitation after the eradication of the invasive plant species, Lantana Camara, is an effective technique for restoring grasslands on common lands that had earlier been invaded by this species. The invasion of Lantana Camara can have significant negative impacts on the ecosystem, reducing the diversity of plant life and disrupting the local communities' use of common lands for grazing, for agriculture, and for collecting non-timber forest products.

To address these issues, a three-tier institutional structure is being used by the project-implementing organization Foundation for Ecological Security (FES). This structure includes the formation of informal women groups at the hamlet level, the Village Environment Committee (VEC) at the village level, and an executive committee at the cluster level. The VEC prepares proposals on common issues and plans with budgets that are presented to the executive committee, which is made up of a mix of individuals, with 50% of the seats reserved for women.

The first step in the process is for the village executive committee to take the Gram Sabha (Village Governing Body) into confidence and prepare bylaws for the restoration and conservation of the Lantana-eradicated site. These bylaws are regularly discussed in the village institution meeting to refresh the memory of the community and different stakeholders on how to properly conserve the site. Local resource persons facilitate the implementation of work.

One of the major works undertaken by these communities in the Mandla District is the soil rehabilitation from Lantana Camara for grassland restoration on common lands. The uprooting of Lantana is a tricky process, and improper methods can result in an even more forceful recurrence of the species. Therefore, the "cut rootstock" method is used, which involves cutting the root of the plant three inches below the ground and lifting the bush upside down to prevent it from gaining ground. This method is done between July and September before fruiting to avoid seed fall, which can cause recurrence for up to three years, also this is the time when the soil has enough moisture thus softness to uproot the Lantana plants.

The Cut Rootstock (CRS) method to control the spread of Lantana Camara is cost-effective and sustainable as it does not require the use of chemical herbicides or heavy machinery. In addition to using the CRS method, perching trees are located, and saplings are removed from under their canopies and along the nearby surface runoff zone. Regular monitoring and follow-up actions may be necessary to ensure the long-term success of this method in controlling the spread of Lantana Camara.

To prevent a recurrence, measures such as mopping for three years continuously, planting and seed sowing in areas where rootstocks seem to be less, and grass seed sowing are executed. The community institution ensures the collection of indigenous grass species, which are made into seed balls and sown before the advent of monsoon. These grass seeds germinate and grow in the rainy season, reducing the suitable environment for Lantana seed germination. Revegetation measures involve selecting and planting grazing hardy, fire hardy, and water hardy tree species such as bamboo, Khameer, Java Plum, Karanj (Pongame oil tree), Aonla, Harra, and other non-timber forest product-producing tree species. These plants are selected to create a three-tiered forest and sustainably provide food, fuel wood, and fodder. Once established, they do not allow Lantana to grow.

Biomass assessment is undertaken every year to assess the improvement in the status of the biomass in the plot, and the findings are shared with the community to motivate them to follow the rules and regulations formulated by the village institution. Cut and carry practices are allowed from the second year, but open grazing is prohibited, and Lantana eradication from nearby areas is required while cutting the grass. This helps to bring Lantana under control while sustainably utilizing the grass resources.

This initiative has ensured access to common lands for the local communities, access to fodder and green grass for livestock and the emergence of biodiversity in the area. This initiative is well recognised by Government institutions and policy makers.

2.3 Fotografías de la Tecnología

2.5 País/ región/ lugares donde la Tecnología fue aplicada y que se hallan comprendidos por esta evaluación

2.6 Fecha de la implementación

Indique año de implementación:

2016

2.7 Introducción de la Tecnología

Especifique cómo se introdujo la Tecnología:

• durante experimentos/ investigación
• mediante proyectos/ intervenciones externas

Comentarios (tipo de proyecto, etc.):

FES has done extensive research and studies to find out the appropriate technologies and approaches to remove the Lantana plants and rehabilitate the soil by restoring grasslands

3.1 Propósito(s) principal(es) de la Tecnología MST

• mejorar la producción
• reducir, prevenir, restaurar la degradación del suelo
• conservar el ecosistema
• crear impacto económico benéfico
• crear impacto social benéfico

3.2 Tipo(s) actuales de uso de la tierra donde se aplica la Tecnología

Mezcla de tipos de uso de tierras dentro de la misma unidad de tierras: :

Sí

Especifique el uso combinado de tierras (cultivos/ pastoreo/ árboles):

• Silvo-pastoralismo

Comentarios:

The common land in villages which is generally not maintained, so allowing for the growth of invasive species, and unregulated open grazing is restored by the local community in a participatory manner for common benefits.

3.3 ¿Cambió el uso de tierras debido a la implementación de la Tecnología?

¿Cambió el uso de tierras debido a la implementación de la Tecnología?

• Sí (Por favor responda las preguntas de abajo referidas al uso de la tierra antes de implementar la Tecnología)

Mezcla de tipos de uso de tierras dentro de la misma unidad de tierras: :

Sí

Especifique el uso combinado de tierras (cultivos/ pastoreo/ árboles):

• Silvo-pastoralismo

Comentarios:

The common lands are restored to grasslands in a participatory manner

3.4 Provisión de agua

Provisión de agua para la tierra donde se aplica la Tecnología:

• de secano

Comentarios:

Mandla is a predominantly rainfed district of Madhya Pradesh, with agriculture being the mainstay of the local economy. The District receives an average annual rainfall of around 1280 mm, with the monsoon season being the primary source of precipitation.

3.5 Grupo MST al que pertenece la Tecnología

• veda de zona (detener uso, apoyar la restauración)
• pastoralismo y manejo de tierras de pastoreo
• cobertura de suelo/ vegetal mejorada

3.6 Medidas MST que componen la Tecnología

Comentarios:

Invasive species are removed and the land and soil are rehabilitated by promoting the growth of indigenous grasses. During the first year, no grazing is allowed. In the second year of restoration only manual cutting/carry of grasses is permitted.

3.7 Principales tipos de degradación del suelo encarados con la Tecnología

Comentarios:

Lantana has several disadvantages including being unpalatable, hindering the growth of other species, reducing the collection of NTFPs (non-timber forest products), and causing soil infertility and erosion. It also provides shelter to wild boar and tigers, leading to human and cattle conflict, and catching fire. Additionally, it has a hard seed cover and can remain dormant for up to 30 years, making eradication difficult.

3.8 Prevención, reducción o restauración de la degradación del suelo

Especifique la meta de la Tecnología con relación a la degradación de la tierra:

• reducir la degradación del suelo
• restaurar/ rehabilitar tierra severamente degradada

4.1 Dibujo técnico de la Tecnología

4.2 Información general sobre el cálculo de insumos y costos

Especifique cómo se calcularon los costos e insumos:

• por área de Tecnología

otra / moneda nacional (especifique):

INR (2023 April)

Si fuera relevante, indique la tasa de cambio de dólares americanos a la moneda local (ej. 1 U$ = 79.9 Reales Brasileros): 1 U$ =:

82,12

4.3 Actividades de establecimiento

	Actividad	Momento (estación)
1.	Removal of lantana	September-October (After Monsoon)
2.	Preparation of seeds for sowing	Before the onset of Monsoon
3.	Sowing of seeds	Just before the onset of monsoon or during the monsoon (June/July)

Comentarios:

The cost for Lantana eradication is being shared between the community institution and project

4.4 Costos e insumos necesarios para el establecimiento

	Especifique insumo	Unidad	Cantidad	Costos por unidad	Costos totales por insumo	% de los costos cubiertos por los usuarios de las tierras
Mano de obra	Removal of lantana	ha	1,0	7229,0	7229,0	20,0
Mano de obra	Land preparation for plantation	Person day	1,0	200,0	200,0	100,0
Mano de obra	Sowing of seeds	Person days	2,0	200,0	400,0	100,0
Equipo	Land preparation for plantation	ha	1,0	1000,0	1000,0	50,0
Material para plantas	Seeds or planting material	Ha	1,0	1000,0	1000,0	50,0
Material para plantas	Cow dung and compost material	Ha	1,0	2500,0	2500,0	100,0
Costos totales para establecer la Tecnología					12329,0
Costos totales para establecer la Tecnología en USD					150,13

Si el usuario de la tierra no cubrió el 100% de los costos, indique quién financió el resto del costo:

The remaining cost is being covered by the project funds routed through community participation.

Comentarios:

The cost varies based on the density of lantana in the field. Depending on density, it varies from Rs 7729 per ha to Rs 2808 per ha. The work is done in a participatory manner by the local community. For the removal of the Lantana project funds routed, the plantation of indigenous grass seeds, curbing the regrowth of Lantana Camara, etc work is undertaken by the local community.

4.5 Actividades de establecimiento/ recurrentes

	Actividad	Momento/ frequencia
1.	Regular monitoring of the plantation area	July to November
2.	Application of compost	June-July

Comentarios:

Lantana Camara is a persistent weed, and even after complete eradication from common lands, its seeds can remain viable in the soil for a prolonged period. Therefore, it is essential to monitor the area regularly and prevent re-growth at the initial stage in the next few years.

Since the community works together on common lands in a participatory manner, there is very little maintenance cost involved in the process.

The density of lantana in the field can be categorized into three levels based on the number of bushes per area. A density of more than 1500 bushes per area is considered high density, while a density between 500-1500 is classified as moderately dense. A density of fewer than 500 bushes per area is known as low density.

4.6 Costos e insumos necesarios para actividades de mantenimiento/ recurrentes (por año)

	Especifique insumo	Unidad	Cantidad	Costos por unidad	Costos totales por insumo	% de los costos cubiertos por los usuarios de las tierras
Mano de obra	Monitoring of plantation area	Person days	12,0	200,0	2400,0	100,0
Material para plantas	Application of compost	Ha	1,0	2000,0	2000,0	100,0
Indique los costos totales para mantenecer la Tecnología					4400,0
Costos totales para mantener la Tecnología en USD					53,58

Si el usuario de la tierra no cubrió el 100% de los costos, indique quién financió el resto del costo:

The Project and other Government agencies support by providing the planting material

Comentarios:

This being a community-based approach a lot of activities are being done in a participatory way without the involvement of monetary transactions

4.7 Factores más determinantes que afectan los costos:

Describa los factores más determinantes que afectan los costos:

The density of lantana in the field is categorized into 3: more than 1500 bushes are considered high density, and between 500-1500 are considered moderately dense, while less than 500 is known as lowly dense. Such categories have a decicive impact on the costs.

5.1 Clima

5.2 Topografía

Indique si la Tecnología se aplica específicamente en:

• no relevante

Comentarios y especificaciones adicionales sobre topografía :

The project area is hilly and forested (Satpura Hill Range) and highly undulating with narrow strips of cultivated plains in the valley portion of the river. The plateau is in the northern part, formed by basalt and east-west trending hill in the southern region. The highest elevation is 934 m amsl in the northern part, and the lowest elevation is around 400 m amsl in the northwestern part of the area. Protected forest areas cover the majority of the site in the District as part of the Kanha National Park.

5.3 Suelos

Si se halla disponible, adjunte una descripción completa de los suelos o especifique la información disponible, por ej., tipo de suelo, pH/ acidez de suelo, capacidad de intercambio catiónico, nitrógeno, salinidad, etc. :

Soil Testing Parameter status (Average) 2017-20 for the project areas is as follows. This data is based on the soil samples tested by the FES in its soil labs from the project villages.
Soil pH:- 5.906548628; EC (electrical conductivity):- 0.122993577; Soil Organic Carbon:- 0.83%; Nitrogen. :- 293.3696598; Phosphorus:- 25.77762582; Potassium (K):- 139.6696636; Sulphur (S):-18.93457993; Zinc (Zn):- 0.955246706; Boron (Bn):- 0.490850376

5.4 Disponibilidad y calidad de agua

¿La salinidad del agua es un problema?

No

¿Se está llevando a cabo la inundación del área? :

No

Comentarios y especificaciones adicionales sobre calidad y cantidad de agua:

The groundwater status is within the safe limits as per the reports by the Government of Madhya Pradesh. People use water from rivers, streams, and traditional small wells for domestic purposes. In the absence of good vegetative cover, the rainwater washes off the fertile topsoil from the farmlands making the land barren and resulting in the siltation of ponds and other water bodies. Further, a heavy infestation of invasive species such as Lantana Camara compounds the degradation. The studied block Bichhiya is in a better position in terms of stage of groundwater development with 17%, while the average of the district is 7%. (stage of groundwater development refers to the % of groundwater being used for various purposes from the available groundwater in that area e.g. net annual groundwater availability in Bichhiya block is 9087 ham (hectare meters) while the existing annual ground water draft for all usage is 1523 ham, making it a 17% groundwater development stage)

Source: http://cgwb.gov.in/District_Profile/MP/Mandla.pdf

5.5 Biodiversidad

Comentarios y especificaciones adicionales sobre biodiversidad:

The area is surrounded by Kanha National Park and Phen Wildlife Sanctuary, with a good presence of forest area. World famous Kanha Tiger Reserve is situated in the Mandla District. Kanha is famous for Tiger and Barasingha. Kanha has numerous species of insects, butterflies, reptiles, fishes, and other lesser life forms. Important mammals, birds, reptiles, crustaceans, amphibians, insects, mollusks, and fishes are found in Kanha National Park. The faunal diversity of the district represents 32 wild animals, 63 birds, 4 fishes, and 9 reptile species, respectively. Regarding floral diversity, out of 1006 plant species available in the district, 162 are tree species, followed by 71 species of shrubs, 681 species of herbs, 51 species of climbers, 39 species of grasses, and 2 species of parasites. Mandla is richer in herbaceous species than other adjoining districts like Jabalpur and Seoni.
Source:- Documentation of Biodiversity Status in Mandla District of Madhya Pradesh.
https://mpsbb.mp.gov.in/completedProject/MB.pdf

5.6 Las características de los usuarios de la tierra que aplican la Tecnología

Indique otras características relevantes de los usuarios de las tierras:

The majority of the landusers belong to the tribal community, including some households from an ethnic community called Baiga.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baiga_tribe

5.7 Área promedio de la tierra usada por usuarios de tierra que aplican la Tecnología

5.8 Tenencia de tierra, uso de tierra y derechos de uso de agua

Tenencia de tierra:

• comunitaria/ aldea
• individual, con título

Derechos de uso de tierra:

• individual

Derechos de uso de agua:

• comunitarios (organizado)

¿Los derechos del uso de la tierra se basan en un sistema legal tradicional?

Sí

Especifique:

The concerned authorities have issued landowners the land certificates.

Comentarios:

Communities have the legal rights for land ownership and other resources. The mentioned intervention is being undertaken on the commons, having legal rights of local self-governance institutions like Gram Panchayat or Joint Forest Management Committees.

5.9 Acceso a servicios e infraestructura

Comentarios:

Parts of the District suffer from poor road and transportation network

6.1 Impactos in situ demostrados por la Tecnología

Impactos socioeconómicos

Producción

Otros impactos socioeconómicos

Impactos ecológicos

Suelo

Biodiversidad: vegetación, animales

Reducción de riesgos de desastres y riesgos climáticos

Especifique la evaluación de los impactos en el sitio (mediciones):

All of the impact areas indicated in the document are based on the discussions with community members, community institutions and project implementing teams. However, a detailed scientific assessment has not taken place so far.

6.2 Impactos fuera del sitio demostrados por la Tecnología

6.3 Exposición y sensibilidad de la Tecnología al cambio climático gradual y a extremos relacionados al clima/ desastres (desde la percepción de los usuarios de tierras)

Extremos (desastres) relacionados al clima

Desastres climatológicos

	¿Cómo es que la tecnología soporta esto?
incendio forestal	muy bien
incendio	muy bien

Comentarios:

All of the impact areas indicated in the document are based on the discussions with community members, community institutions and project implementing teams. However, a detailed scientific assessment has not taken place so far.

6.4 Análisis costo-beneficio

¿Cómo se comparan los beneficios con los costos de establecimiento (desde la perspectiva de los usuarios de tierra)?

¿Cómo se comparan los beneficios con los costos de mantenimiento/ recurrentes (desde la perspectiva de los usuarios de tierra)?

Comentarios:

Overall, this is a very cost effective technology without having any negative impact on the human and the natural environment

6.5 Adopción de la Tecnología

• 1-10%

Si tiene la información disponible, cuantifique (número de hogares y/o área cubierta):

On more than 100 locations common land locations this work has been undertaken

De todos quienes adoptaron la Tecnología, ¿cuántos lo hicieron espontáneamente, por ej. sin recibir nada de incentivos/ materiales:

• 0-10%

Comentarios:

This being a relatively new intervention, spontaneous adoption will take some time

6.6 Adaptación

¿La tecnología fue modificada recientemente para adaptarse a las condiciones cambiantes?

No

6.7 Fuerzas/ ventajas/ oportunidades de la Tecnología

Fuerzas/ ventajas/ oportunidades desde la perspectiva del usuario de la tierra
Eradication of Lantana Camara reduces its spread and provided access into the forest areas
The common lands are restored to grasslands
Fodder available for cattle

Fuerzas/ ventajas/ oportunidades desde la perspectiva del compilador o de otra persona de referencia clave
Rehabilitation of the soil by eradication of Lantana Camara
Sustainable use of common resources for the purpose of biodiversity restoration
A participatory approach for resolving common issues

6.8 Debilidades/ desventajas/ riesgos de la Tecnología y formas de sobreponerse a ellos

Debilidades/ desventajas/ riesgos desde la perspectiva del usuario de la tierra	¿Cómo sobreponerse a ellas?
Continuous monitoring of the regrowth of Lantana Camara as the seeds stay dormant in the soil for many years	Monitoring, and promoting growth with indigenous grasses, local trees, etc. so that the land is not kept fallow
Conflict among the members of community institutions for the management of the common property resources	Handholding and training of community institutions

Debilidades/ desventajas/ riesgos desde la perspectiva del compilador o de otra persona de referencia clave	¿Cómo sobreponerse a ellas?
Currently, the program funds the eradication of Lantana Camara undertaken by the local community	Including the work under Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005 or MGNREGA
Mechanism to scale up the program participatory approach to manage common land resources	Integrating it with other government schemes

7.1 Métodos/ fuentes de información

7.2 Vínculos a las publicaciones disponibles

Título, autor, año, ISBN:

Ecological Restoration of Lantana-Invaded Landscapes in Corbett Tiger Reserve, India Suresh Babuy Amit Love and Cherukuri Raghavendra Babu

¿Dónde se halla disponible? ¿Costo?

https://www.jstor.org/stable/43441335

Título, autor, año, ISBN:

Impacts of biochar application on upland agriculture: A review Kumuduni Niroshika Palansooriyaa,1, Yong Sik Oka,1, Yasser Mahmoud Awada, Sang Soo Leeb, Jwa-Kyung Sungc, Agamemnon Koutsospyrosd, Deok Hyun Moone,∗

¿Dónde se halla disponible? ¿Costo?

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30616189/

7.3 Vínculos a la información relevante disponible en línea

Título/ descripción:

Lantana Demo Video

URL:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1d80KyKPkDo