1.2 Coordonnées des personnes-ressources et des institutions impliquées dans l'évaluation et la documentation de l'Approche

Nom du ou des institutions qui ont facilité la documentation/ l'évaluation de l'Approche (si pertinent)

School of Environmental Science and Development, North West University (NWU) - Afrique du Sud

1.3 Conditions relatives à l'utilisation par WOCAT des données documentées

Le compilateur et la(les) personne(s) ressource(s) acceptent les conditions relatives à l'utilisation par WOCAT des données documentées:

Oui

2.1 Courte description de l'Approche

Participatory Rural Approach including a partly holistic approach; between social and environmental sciences.

2.2 Description détaillée de l'Approche

Description détaillée de l'Approche:

Aims / objectives: Developing sustainable management of land and other natural resources in rural communities. Assess the historical process, causes, nature and extent of desertification and its human impact. An empirical study of the attitudes, perceptions and knowledge of the local population with regard to land use. Develop policy guidelines for integrated rural development focussing on spatial planning, settlement models, land use control measures, ecological restoration and sustainable farming practices. Pilot interviews with the extension officers were followed by interviews with members of the communities themselves. Plant surveys were conducted at the study areas.

Stages of implementation: There were 5 stages of implementation included in the pilot interviews, the main interviews and the plant surveys. Task 1: Preliminary negotiations with officials, authorities and local communities, including a literature and methodological review. Task 2: Data collection includes satellite data and aerial photographs, ground truth (site visits, meetings, surveys, interviews and questionnaires - a PRA approach. Task 3: Analysis and interpretation include archival research, image processing ad interpretation and analysis of surveys and questionnaires. Task 4: Validation and cross referencing by accuracy testing of remotely sensed results, historical cross referencing, comparison to Botswana results, comparison of results (communal land vs. commercial land). Task 5: Reporting.

2.3 Photos de l'approche

2.5 Pays/ région/ lieux où l'Approche a été appliquée

2.6 Dates de début et de fin de l'Approche

2.7 Type d'Approche

• fondé sur un projet/ programme

2.8 Principaux objectifs de l'Approche

The Approach focused mainly on other activities than SLM (Suitable management, integrated community-base, rural development, land resources, natural resources.)

Developing sustainable management of land and other natural resources in rural communities. Specific objectives: Assess the historical process, courses, nature and extent of desertification and its human impact. Did an empirical study of the attitudes, perceptions and knowledge of the local population with regard to land use. Finally, we want to develop policy guidelines for integrated rural development focussing on spatial planning, settlement models, land use control measures, ecological restoration and sustainable farming practices.

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: Desertification and its human impact, with the specific incorporation of indigenous or traditional knowledge. Inadequate policy towards integrated rural development.

2.9 Conditions favorisant ou entravant la mise en œuvre de la(des) Technologie(s) appliquée(s) sous l'Approche

3.1 Parties prenantes impliquées dans l'Approche et rôles

3.2 Participation des exploitants locaux des terres/ communautés locales aux différentes phases de l'Approche

	Participation des exploitants locaux des terres/ communautés locales	Spécifiez qui était impliqué et décrivez les activités
initiation/ motivation	aucun
planification	interactive	interviews/questionnaires, public meetings; Interviews with most viable group. Public meetings: what should we look at in the areas.
mise en œuvre	interactive	casual labour, responsibility for minor steps; Erosion control.
suivi/ évaluation	aucun
Research	aucun

3.3 Diagramme/ organigramme (si disponible)

3.4 Prises de décision pour la sélection de la Technologie/ des Technologies

Indiquez qui a décidé de la sélection de la Technologie/ des Technologies à mettre en œuvre:

• principalement les exploitants des terres soutenus par des spécialistes de la GDT

Expliquez:

consultative.

Decisions on the method of implementing the SLM Technology were made by mainly by SLM specialists with consultation of land users. consultative.

4.1 Renforcement des capacités/ formation

Une formation a-t-elle été dispensée aux exploitants des terres/ autres parties prenantes?

Oui

Spécifiez qui a été formé:

• exploitants des terres

• school children/students

Formats de la formation:

• sur le tas

Thèmes abordés:

Gabion construction

4.2 Service de conseils

Les exploitants des terres ont-ils accès à un service de conseils?

Oui

Spécifiez si le service de conseils est fourni:

• dans les champs des exploitants?

Décrivez/ commentez:

Participatory rural approach; Key elements: Involvement in gabion construction; 1) Mainly: government's existing extension system, Partly: projects own extension structure and agent. Extension staff: mainly government employees 3) Target groups for extension: land users; Activities: erosion control through gabion construction

Advisory service is inadequate to ensure the continuation of land conservation activities; Extension officers available for information on erosion and encroachment control.

4.3 Renforcement des institutions (développement organisationnel)

Des institutions ont elles été mises en place ou renforcées par le biais de l'Approche?

• oui, modérément

Spécifiez à quel(s) niveau(x), ces institutions ont été renforcées ou mises en place:

• local

Précisez le type de soutien:

• renforcement des capacités/ formation

4.4 Suivi et évaluation

Le suivi et l'évaluation font ils partie de l'Approche? :

Oui

Commentaires:

bio-physical aspects were regular monitored through measurements

socio-cultural aspects were ad hoc monitored through observations

economic / production aspects were ad hoc monitored through observations

area treated aspects were regular monitored through measurements

no. of land users involved aspects were regular monitored through measurements

There were several changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation: Initially only the extension officers were interviewed in groups; the communities as well, but in the end individual interviews proofed more effective. Woody component analysis: Where all members worked on one quadrate at the start, we changed the strategy to three teams of two people each, each team having their own specific responsibilities.

4.5 Recherche

La recherche a-t-elle fait partie intégrante de l’Approche?

Oui

Spécifiez les thèmes:

• sociologie
• écologie
• technologie

Donnez plus de détails et indiquez qui a mené ces recherches:

Sociology: interviews/trust building. Ecology: explain what we are doing. Technology: gabion construction

Research was carried out both on station and on-farm

5.1 Budget annuel de la composante GDT de l'Approche

Si le budget annuel précis n'est pas connu, indiquez une fourchette:

• 10 000-100 000

Commentez (par ex. principales sources de financement/ principaux bailleurs de fonds):

Approach costs were met by the following donors: international non-government (funding): 80.0%; local community / land user(s) (labour, material): 20.0%

5.2 Soutiens financiers/ matériels fournis aux exploitants des terres

Les exploitants des terres ont-ils reçu un soutien financier/ matériel pour la mise en œuvre de la Technologie/ des Technologies?

Oui

5.3 Subventions pour des intrants spécifiques (incluant la main d'œuvre)

Si la main d'œuvre fournie par les exploitants des terres était un intrant substantiel, elle était:

• vivres-contre-travail

Commentaires:

Guides received food parcels. Other incentives; future change in policy.

5.4 Crédits

Des crédits ont-ils été alloués à travers l'Approche pour les activités de GDT?

Non

6.1 Impacts de l'Approche

6.3 Durabilité des activités de l'Approche

Les exploitants des terres peuvent-ils poursuivre ce qui a été mis en œuvre par le biais de l'Approche (sans soutien extérieur)?

• non

Si non ou incertain, spécifiez et commentez:

No: Erosion - the wire mesh baskets must be supplied by the appropriate companies, but otherwise they might pack stones without the wire mesh baskets. Yes for bush encroachment.

6.4 Points forts/ avantages de l'Approche

Points forts/ avantages/ possibilités du point de vue de l'exploitant des terres
Awareness of erosion and bush encroachment as well as possible solution to it (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: School available; provide with poster, books, etc. Farmer's meetings.)
A community member can make a difference.

Points forts/ avantages/ possibilités du point de vue du compilateur ou d'une autre personne ressource clé
Trust of people obtained (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Deliver on the promises)
The community was motivated to implement their own water supply
Awareness of grazing strategy on the condition of the grazing field (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Motivate extension officer to really provide appropriate solutions)

6.5 Faiblesses/ inconvénients de l'Approche et moyens de les surmonter

Faiblesses/ inconvénients/ risques du point de vue de l’exploitant des terres	Comment peuvent-ils être surmontés?
The projects do not address the problems the land users have	Refer identified problems to the relevant experts
Implementation of project takes a long time	Explain to the involved person the planned time schedule

Faiblesses/ inconvénients/ risques du point de vue du compilateur ou d'une autre personne ressource clé	Comment peuvent-ils être surmontés?
Number of available SWC specialist insufficient for amount of work	Train the amount of specialist/give the necessary background.
Use of translators	Make it clear to exact translations are given
Linguistic abilities not sufficient	Use translators

7.1 Méthodes/ sources d'information