Approches

Water use master plan [Népal]

Jal upoyog guru yogana (Main Contributor: HELVETAS Nepal)

approaches_2535 - Népal

État complet : 81%

1. Informations générales

1.2 Coordonnées des personnes-ressources et des institutions impliquées dans l'évaluation et la documentation de l'Approche

Personne(s) ressource(s) clé(s)

Spécialiste GDT:
Spécialiste GDT:

Jürg Merz

+977 1 5524925; 9851044421 (M)

juerg.merz@helvetas.org.np

HELVETAS Swiss Intercooperation Nepal

Suisse

Nom du ou des institutions qui ont facilité la documentation/ l'évaluation de l'Approche (si pertinent)
HELVETAS (Swiss Intercooperation)
Nom du ou des institutions qui ont facilité la documentation/ l'évaluation de l'Approche (si pertinent)
ICIMOD International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) - Népal

1.3 Conditions relatives à l'utilisation par WOCAT des données documentées

Quand les données ont-elles été compilées (sur le terrain)?

01/03/2013

Le compilateur et la(les) personne(s) ressource(s) acceptent les conditions relatives à l'utilisation par WOCAT des données documentées:

Oui

2. Description de l'Approche de GDT

2.1 Courte description de l'Approche

A water use master plan supports the development of integrated water resources at the local level; all stakeholders, including disadvantaged groups, take part in the plan.

2.2 Description détaillée de l'Approche

Description détaillée de l'Approche:

Aims / objectives: A water use master plan (WUMP) is a holistic, participatory, and inclusive planning process that takes an integrated approach to the management of water resources and uses at the village level. The WUMP specifies the total water budget for its planning unit, the village development committee (VDC), and explores potential uses for it. It empowers marginalized groups to claim their rights to an equitable share of water within and between communities. The WUMP also helps local bodies with annual and periodic planning and project prioritization.

Methods: The WUMP is a 17-step process that includes social mobilization, the formation of inclusive management committees, capacity building for everyone involved in the process, and, as a final step, social assessment using various participatory rural appraisal (PRA) tools. Simultaneously, the technical part of the process evaluates the capacity of all water resources and their potential uses. In a workshop facilitated by NGO staff, the community discusses suggestions formulated by the two participatory assessments, prioritizes possible projects, and formulates plans. The VDC representatives decide which plans can be implemented using their own resources and which need external support. The WUMP then organizes a workshop to present these plans to various organizations in order to get their commitment and support. The prioritized projects are implemented according to the WUMP.
The plan also contains a series of long-term activities and during the course of its implementation, there is sufficient latitude to allow the community to rectify its original plans in order to put into practise lessons learned during earlier phases and to continue to review and modify the plan as needed.

2.3 Photos de l'approche

2.5 Pays/ région/ lieux où l'Approche a été appliquée

Pays:

Népal

Autres spécifications du lieu :

15 districts in the Western, Mid-Western, and Far-Western Development Regions of Nepal

2.7 Type d'Approche

  • fondé sur un projet/ programme

2.8 Principaux objectifs de l'Approche

The Approach focused mainly on SLM with other activities (Water conservation, water sources and catchment area)

• Establish inclusive water planning and water resource management at the community level
• Ensure the optimal use of water resources; see that water is equitably and efficiently distributed
• Promote conservation of water and natural resources linked to water; implement water projects based on the plan agreed by the entire community

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: • Issues on access to water are often contentious, communities often quarrel over water rights
• A lack of coordinated planning at the local level
• A growing demand for water both for domestic and agricultural use
• Water sources are diminishing and the changing climate will further aggravate this

2.9 Conditions favorisant ou entravant la mise en œuvre de la(des) Technologie(s) appliquée(s) sous l'Approche

normes et valeurs sociales/ culturelles/ religieuses
  • entrave

Communities are reluctant to share water resources and
hide the sources of water during planning

Treatment through the SLM Approach: Earn everyone's trust through meetings, dialogue, and social mapping that includes all stakeholders including disadvantaged groups.

disponibilité/ accès aux ressources et services financiers
  • entrave

When the WUMP is implemented by the VDC using its
own funds it usually takes a long time.

Treatment through the SLM Approach: Collaborate and network with resource organizations such as INGOs and donor funded programmes for funding.

cadre institutionnel
  • entrave

There is no elected body in the VDC and no one takes permanent ownership of the WUMP.

Treatment through the SLM Approach: Create an advisory body consisting of representatives from all political parties.

cadre juridique (régime foncier, droits d'utilisation des terres et de l'eau)
  • favorise

Ensuring equitable use of water resources is a key feature of the WUMP approach.

connaissances sur la GDT, accès aux supports techniques
  • entrave

When the administrative boundaries of a VDC do not coincide with its physical watershed boundaries, it can be difficult to make technical decisions.

Treatment through the SLM Approach: Cluster VDCs into groups in the same sub/watershed.

autre
  • entrave

Low awareness of the need for conservation and of the
need to use water efficiently

Treatment through the SLM Approach: Intensive awareness raising and capacity building programmes

3. Participation et rôles des parties prenantes impliquées dans l'Approche

3.1 Parties prenantes impliquées dans l'Approche et rôles

  • exploitants locaux des terres / communautés locales

VDC

Equal participation of men and women is encouraged during the social assessment and needs identification phase. During the planning and implementation phases, the participation of women in decision making is ensured through a provision that there be a representation of at least 33% women in the water resource management committees, sub-committees, and users' committees. Disadvantaged groups (Dalit and Janajati among others) are requested to participate in numbers proportional to the percentage they represent in the community in all activities and committees.

  • enseignants/ élèves/ étudiants
  • ONG

HELVETAS

  • gouvernement national (planificateurs, décideurs)
3.2 Participation des exploitants locaux des terres/ communautés locales aux différentes phases de l'Approche
Participation des exploitants locaux des terres/ communautés locales Spécifiez qui était impliqué et décrivez les activités
initiation/ motivation interactive Community meetings, decision taken by the VDC on how to prepare the WUMP
planification interactive Social and resource mapping, social assessments, technical assessments and planning
mise en œuvre auto-mobilisation Implementation of the water projects, source protection/conservation
suivi/ évaluation interactive Review of the plan, community monitoring during the construction phase, follow-up monitoring during routine operation
Research aucun

3.3 Diagramme/ organigramme (si disponible)

Description:

The step-wise WUMP process
VDC = Village development committee
MOU = Memorandum of understanding
WRMC = Water resource management committee
WRMSC = Water resource management sub-committee
WUMP = Water use master plan
(AK Thaku)

3.4 Prises de décision pour la sélection de la Technologie/ des Technologies

Indiquez qui a décidé de la sélection de la Technologie/ des Technologies à mettre en œuvre:
  • principalement les exploitants des terres soutenus par des spécialistes de la GDT
Expliquez:

Technologies are selected on the basis of suitability and availability of water sources by local communities with the support of technicians and the VDC.

Decisions on the method of implementing the SLM Technology were made by mainly by land users supported by SLM specialists. Since the VDC endorses the WUMP, it decides on implementation.

4. Soutien technique, renforcement des capacités et gestion des connaissances

4.1 Renforcement des capacités/ formation

Une formation a-t-elle été dispensée aux exploitants des terres/ autres parties prenantes?

Oui

  • Local Community
Thèmes abordés:

• Social mobilization and awareness raising orientations, training
• Capacity building and training to WRMC and local service providers

4.3 Renforcement des institutions (développement organisationnel)

Des institutions ont elles été mises en place ou renforcées par le biais de l'Approche?
  • oui, beaucoup
Spécifiez à quel(s) niveau(x), ces institutions ont été renforcées ou mises en place:
  • local
Précisez le type de soutien:
  • renforcement des capacités/ formation
  • équipement
Donnez plus de détails:

Support is provided to the VDC for the preparation of the WUMP

4.4 Suivi et évaluation

Le suivi et l'évaluation font ils partie de l'Approche? :

Oui

Commentaires:

bio-physical aspects were monitored through measurements; indicators: Follow-up monitoring to check if the water sources are protected, and if the area is conserved by planting

technical aspects were monitored through measurements; indicators: Follow-up monitoring to check water sources and number of water projects implemented

socio-cultural aspects were monitored through measurements; indicators: Public hearings and audits to ensure transparency and community participation (especially of disadvantaged groups)

area treated aspects were monitored through measurements; indicators: Follow-up monitoring of implementation (as shown in the diagram )

no. of land users involved aspects were monitored through measurements; indicators: Public review, final commissioning: community contribution and participation (as shown in the diagram)

management of Approach aspects were monitored through measurements; indicators: WUMP follow-up: implementation of WUMP (as shown in the diagram )

Implementation of WUMP aspects were monitored through measurements; indicators: WUMP follow-up: implementation of WUMP (as shown in the diagram )

There were few changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation: • All members of the community, even those with water resources on their own land, are willing to share water resources after participating in the WUMP.
• Disadvantaged groups participate on an equal footing in management committees and have equal access to water resources.
• The community realizes the need to protect water resources and begins to conserve water.

5. Financement et soutien matériel externe

5.1 Budget annuel de la composante GDT de l'Approche

Si le budget annuel précis n'est pas connu, indiquez une fourchette:
  • 2 000-10 000
Commentez (par ex. principales sources de financement/ principaux bailleurs de fonds):

Approach costs were met by the following donors: national non-government: 75.0%; local community / land user(s): 25.0%

5.2 Soutiens financiers/ matériels fournis aux exploitants des terres

Les exploitants des terres ont-ils reçu un soutien financier/ matériel pour la mise en œuvre de la Technologie/ des Technologies?

Non

5.3 Subventions pour des intrants spécifiques (incluant la main d'œuvre)

  • aucun
 
Si la main d'œuvre fournie par les exploitants des terres était un intrant substantiel, elle était:
  • volontaire

5.4 Crédits

Des crédits ont-ils été alloués à travers l'Approche pour les activités de GDT?

Non

6. Analyses d'impact et conclusions

6.1 Impacts de l'Approche

Est-ce que l'Approche a aidé les exploitants des terres à mettre en œuvre et entretenir les Technologies de GDT?
  • Non
  • Oui, un peu
  • Oui, modérément
  • Oui, beaucoup

Water, forests, and land are all interlinked. Proper management of water resources, source protection, and conservation are all part of sustainable land management.

Est-ce que l'Approche a autonomisé les groupes socialement et économiquement défavorisés?
  • Non
  • Oui, un peu
  • Oui, modérément
  • Oui, beaucoup

Disadvantaged groups participate and share benefits on equal terms.

Did other land users / projects adopt the Approach?
  • Non
  • Oui, un peu
  • Oui, modérément
  • Oui, beaucoup

This approach has been replicated by the Rural Water Resources Management Project of FINNIDA, the LIVE/EU project, and Nepal Water for Health (NEWAH), a national-level NGO in Nepal. Nepal's Ministry of Local Development, Department of Local Infrastructure and Roads, has expressed an interest in developing WUMPs for all the VDCs in Nepal.

Did the Approach lead to improved livelihoods / human well-being?
  • Non
  • Oui, un peu
  • Oui, modérément
  • Oui, beaucoup

Having access to sustainable water resources improves livelihoods.

Did the Approach help to alleviate poverty?
  • Non
  • Oui, un peu
  • Oui, modérément
  • Oui, beaucoup

Access to water improves hygiene and contributes to better health and to poverty alleviation.

6.2 Principale motivation des exploitants des terres pour mettre en œuvre la GDT

6.3 Durabilité des activités de l'Approche

Les exploitants des terres peuvent-ils poursuivre ce qui a été mis en œuvre par le biais de l'Approche (sans soutien extérieur)?
  • incertain
Si non ou incertain, spécifiez et commentez:

In order to ensure sustainability the following issues need to be addressed:
• Social: Coordinated planning in consultation with the local people; capacity building at all levels so that management committees, local service providers, local government, and the community as a whole can participate better, voice their concerns, and be part of the solution.
• Economic: The VDCs take a lead role, the beneficiaries need to be willing to share the costs and need to want to participate in activities such as quality control, and routine operation and maintenance schemes.
• Environment: Conservation of water sources, integrated water resources planning, and the efficient use of water

6.4 Points forts/ avantages de l'Approche

Points forts/ avantages/ possibilités du point de vue du compilateur ou d'une autre personne ressource clé
Communities appreciate the WUMP approach (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: The Ministry of Local Development has expressed an interest in preparing national guidelines for this process in order to scale it up to all the VDCs in Nepal)
VDCs own the process both by participating and by contributing to the funding. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Need to simplify the process and make it more cost effective so that it is easier to replicate.)
An integrated approach to the use of water resources may help in climate change adaptation. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Strengthen awareness activities and continue to promote water conservation)
The WUMP process is inclusive and is managed by the whole community.
(How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Continue to strengthen the capacity of disadvantaged groups so that they can participate more actively.)

6.5 Faiblesses/ inconvénients de l'Approche et moyens de les surmonter

Faiblesses/ inconvénients/ risques du point de vue du compilateur ou d'une autre personne ressource clé Comment peuvent-ils être surmontés?
Not all VDCs actively participate in the WUMP When VDCs contribute funds for the WUMP, they are usually more actively involved.
Communities can have high expectations for WUMP but their VDCs may have limited resources. The VDCs need to communicate clearly with their community so that they can prepare a realistic plan together.
Conflicts can arise over the allocation of water resources The VDC and the management committee must work with the community to see that any contentious issues are resolved equitably
At times it can be difficult to get everyone to agree to a given
WUMP.
The VDC authorities can improve their negotiating skills in order to make their demands heard with donors and district development committees.

7. Références et liens

7.1 Méthodes/ sources d'information

  • visites de terrain, enquêtes sur le terrain
  • interviews/entretiens avec les exploitants des terres

7.2 Références des publications disponibles

Titre, auteur, année, ISBN:

Water use master plan preparation guideline. Lalitpur, Nepal: WARM-P/HELVETAS; Rural Village Water Resource Management Project (2011) Proceedings of water use master plan national level experience sharing workshop. Lalitpur, Nepal, HELVETAS (2007)

Modules