1.2 Coordonnées des personnes-ressources et des institutions impliquées dans l'évaluation et la documentation de la Technologie

Nom du ou des institutions qui ont facilité la documentation/ l'évaluation de la Technologie (si pertinent)

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) - Italie

Nom du ou des institutions qui ont facilité la documentation/ l'évaluation de la Technologie (si pertinent)

Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development of Ethiopia (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development) - Ethiopie

1.3 Conditions relatives à l'utilisation par WOCAT des données documentées

Quand les données ont-elles été compilées (sur le terrain)?

30/05/2011

Le compilateur et la(les) personne(s) ressource(s) acceptent les conditions relatives à l'utilisation par WOCAT des données documentées:

Oui

2.1 Courte description de la Technologie

Définition de la Technologie:

Earh-checks are constructed of earth embankment put across in a deep gully in such a way to trap sediment and store water passing by it.

2.2 Description détaillée de la Technologie

Description:

Active deep gullies are plugged by digging earth from the bottom as well as gully sides and embanked forming a barrier to runoff passing through it. The embankment is reinforced by planting useful plants such as banana, sesbania, gravillea, gesho, etc., The purpose is to rehabilitate gullies having depth and expand along sides and towards the head. By constructing earth checks the water is stored in the checks. The water percolates down the ground enriching the ground water. The soil is trapped in the checks and later brings up the gully gradient higher. As a result, a cultivable/cropable strip is formed. Weeding and cultivation done to plants established.The gully fence and breaks are repaired. The technology is seen to be suitable to humid highlands where land loss by gully is a serious problem and land under cultivation and grazing is getting here and there. In brief it is suitable in areas where land degradation problem is increasing with currently cultivated and grazed lands are encroched by gully expansion.

2.3 Photos de la Technologie

2.5 Pays/ région/ lieux où la Technologie a été appliquée et qui sont couverts par cette évaluation

2.6 Date de mise en œuvre de la Technologie

Si l'année précise est inconnue, indiquez la date approximative: :

• il y a moins de 10 ans (récemment)

2.7 Introduction de la Technologie

Spécifiez comment la Technologie a été introduite: :

• par le biais de projets/ d'interventions extérieures

Commentaires (type de projet, etc.) :

The technology is introduced but highly modified by adjesting design, layout and by increasing use of locally available materials for construction.

3.1 Principal(aux) objectif(s) de la Technologie

• réduire, prévenir, restaurer les terres dégradées

3.2 Type(s) actuel(s) d'utilisation des terres, là où la Technologie est appliquée

Commentaires:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Monocropping, soil erosion, fertility mining, overgrazing, improper runoff management.

Grazingland comments: Livestock such as cows, oxen, donkeys and horse are thethered at a very small piece of land left infront of houses usually meant for social purposes. Some farmers thether their animals in a piece of land left uncropped in the field. The most part of livestock feed comes from crop residue which is collected from crop fields. Maize stalk, teff straw and enset leaves are fed stall.

Forest products and services: timber, fuelwood, grazing / browsing

Type of cropping system and major crops comments: Maize-sweet potato-Teff-potato-sorghum

3.3 Informations complémentaires sur l'utilisation des terres

Approvisionnement en eau des terres sur lesquelles est appliquée la Technologie:

• pluvial

Nombre de période de croissance par an: :

• 2

Précisez:

Longest growing period in days: 210 Longest growing period from month to month: Apr - Oct Second longest growing period in days: 180 Second longest growing period from month to month: Aug - Jun

3.4 Groupe de GDT auquel appartient la Technologie

• mesures en travers de la pente
• récupération/ collecte de l'eau

3.5 Diffusion de la Technologie

Commentaires:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 51.2 m2.

3.6 Mesures de GDT constituant la Technologie

3.7 Principaux types de dégradation des terres traités par la Technologie

Commentaires:

Main type of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion, Wg: gully erosion / gullying

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Cn: fertility decline and reduced organic matter content

3.8 Prévention, réduction de la dégradation ou réhabilitation des terres dégradées

Spécifiez l'objectif de la Technologie au regard de la dégradation des terres:

• prévenir la dégradation des terres
• réduire la dégradation des terres

Commentaires:

Main goals: Also rehabilitation / reclamation of denuded land

4.1 Dessin technique de la Technologie

4.2 Spécification/ explications techniques du dessin technique

SNNPR

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: high

Technical knowledge required for land users: moderate

Main technical functions: water harvesting / increase water supply, sediment retention / trapping, sediment harvesting

Secondary technical functions: control of concentrated runoff: retain / trap, reduction of slope angle, reduction of slope length

Early planting
Material/ species: maize
Quantity/ density: 85000/ha
Remarks: sawn in lines

Mixed cropping / intercropping
Material/ species: maize-sweet potato/haricot bean
Remarks: inter cropped & strip cropped

Contour planting / strip cropping
Material/ species: maize-taro-enset

Mulching
Material/ species: enset

Manure / compost / residues
Material/ species: maize, potato, sweet potato, traro

Mineral (inorganic) fertilizers
Material/ species: Teff, maize, sorghum

Rotations / fallows
Material/ species: maize-tarro-sorghum
Remarks: only rotations

Breaking compacted topsoil
Remarks: primary and secondary oxen tillage

Contour tillage
Remarks: tillage done following contour

Agronomic measure: harrowing

Aligned: -contour
Vegetative material: O : other
Vertical interval between rows / strips / blocks (m): 0.2-0.5
Spacing between rows / strips / blocks (m): 2-4
Vertical interval within rows / strips / blocks (m): 0.5-2
Width within rows / strips / blocks (m): 0.5-1

Scattered / dispersed
Vegetative material: T : trees / shrubs
Number of plants per (ha): 4000
Vertical interval between rows / strips / blocks (m): 0.2
Spacing between rows / strips / blocks (m): 1.5x1.5
Vertical interval within rows / strips / blocks (m): 1.5
Width within rows / strips / blocks (m): 1.5

In blocks
Vegetative material: T : trees / shrubs
Number of plants per (ha): 2500
Vertical interval between rows / strips / blocks (m): 0.5
Spacing between rows / strips / blocks (m): 2x2
Vertical interval within rows / strips / blocks (m): 2
Width within rows / strips / blocks (m): 2

Trees/ shrubs species: Leucaena, Sesbania, Grevillea

Fruit trees / shrubs species: Mango, papaya, Avocado

Perennial crops species: Casava

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 10.00%

If the original slope has changed as a result of the Technology, the slope today is (see figure below): 8.00%

Gradient along the rows / strips: 0.00%

Diversion ditch/ drainage
Depth of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0.5
Width of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0.5
Length of ditches/pits/dams (m): 100
Height of bunds/banks/others (m): 0.6
Width of bunds/banks/others (m): 0.5
Length of bunds/banks/others (m): 100

Retention/infiltration ditch/pit, sediment/sand trap
Vertical interval between structures (m): 0.5
Depth of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0.6
Width of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0.7
Length of ditches/pits/dams (m): 4
Height of bunds/banks/others (m): 0.75
Width of bunds/banks/others (m): 0.6

Terrace: backward sloping
Vertical interval between structures (m): 1.5
Spacing between structures (m): 12
Depth of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0.9
Width of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0.5
Length of ditches/pits/dams (m): 50-75

Bund/ bank: level
Vertical interval between structures (m): 1.2
Spacing between structures (m): 10
Depth of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0.6
Width of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0.7
Length of ditches/pits/dams (m): 50-80
Height of bunds/banks/others (m): 0.75

Construction material (earth): Most of the structural measures are made by earth involving excavation and embankment.

Construction material (stone): Stone is mainly used for demonstration.

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 10%

If the original slope has changed as a result of the Technology, the slope today is: 8%

Lateral gradient along the structure: 0%

Vegetation is used for stabilisation of structures.

Change of land use type: The land after treatment is closed

Control / change of species composition: Grazing land changed to plantation and cropping

Other type of management: change of management / intensity level - Grazing land changed to plantation and cropping

4.3 Informations générales sur le calcul des intrants et des coûts

autre/ monnaie nationale (précisez):

Birr

Indiquer le taux de change du dollars en monnaie locale (si pertinent): 1 USD= :

8,5

4.4 Activités de mise en place/ d'établissement

	Activité	Type de mesures	Calendrier
1.	Land preparation	Végétale	September, october
2.	Sugar cane planting	Végétale	November
3.	Sugar cane cultivation	Végétale	January/August
4.	Casava planting	Végétale	April
5.	Casava cultivation	Végétale	June
6.	Maize planting	Végétale	January-1st plough, April 2nd plough
7.	Maize cultivation	Végétale	June
8.	Sweet potato planting	Végétale	September
9.	Sweet potato cultivation	Végétale	October
10.	Fruite trees	Végétale	June
11.	Digging foundation	Structurel	November-February
12.	Forming embankment	Structurel	November-February
13.	Side wall shaping	Structurel	November-February
14.	Planting trees and shrubs	Structurel	March-1st planting & June 2nd planting
15.	Excluding animals by fencing and guarding	Modes de gestion	all year
16.	Construct cutoff drain	Modes de gestion	dry season
17.	Establish buffer zone between Area enclosure and crop land by strip of plantation	Modes de gestion	June/July
18.	Construct earth checks and trenches in the gully	Modes de gestion	dry season

4.5 Coûts et intrants nécessaires à la mise en place

	Spécifiez les intrants	Unité	Quantité	Coûts par unité	Coût total par intrant	% des coût supporté par les exploitants des terres
Main d'œuvre	Labour	ha	1,0	282,3	282,3	100,0
Equipements	Tools	ha	1,0	270,6	270,6	100,0
Matériel végétal	Seedlings	ha	1,0	117,6	117,6	100,0
Coût total de mise en place de la Technologie					670,5

Commentaires:

Duration of establishment phase: 24 month(s)

4.6 Activités d'entretien/ récurrentes

	Activité	Type de mesures	Calendrier/ fréquence
1.	Land preparation	Agronomique	september, october / 2 times
2.	Sweet potato planting	Agronomique	September / each cropping season
3.	Sweet potato cultivation	Agronomique	October / each cropping season
4.	Maize planting	Agronomique	January/April / each cropping season
5.	Maize cultivation	Agronomique	June / each cropping season
6.	Teff sawing	Agronomique
7.	Teff weeding	Agronomique
8.	Prunning	Végétale	october /once
9.	Mulching	Végétale	october /once
10.	Thining	Végétale	october /once
11.	Fencing	Végétale	any time /once
12.	Weeding	Structurel	June/each cropping season
13.	Cultivation	Structurel	March/each cropping season
14.	Replanting	Structurel	June/each cropping season
15.	Repair in breaks	Structurel	November-February/each cropping season
16.	Fence	Structurel	each cropping season
17.	Repair breaks on cutoff drain and earth checks	Modes de gestion	dry season / 2 years
18.	Prunning, weeding and cultivation	Modes de gestion	end of rains / each cropping season

4.7 Coûts et intrants nécessaires aux activités d'entretien/ récurrentes (par an)

Commentaires:

Machinery/ tools: spade, hoe

Length and width of structure

4.8 Facteurs les plus importants affectant les coûts

Décrivez les facteurs les plus importants affectant les coûts :

Factors affecting costs in this technology are the depth and width of gully, steepness of slope, planting and replanting of vegetative materials.

5.1 Climat

5.2 Topographie

Commentaires et précisions supplémentaires sur la topographie:

Slopes on average: Moderate (ranked 1, about 70%), gentle and rolling (both ranked 2) and flat (ranked 3)

5.3 Sols

Si disponible, joignez une description complète du sol ou précisez les informations disponibles, par ex., type de sol, pH/ acidité du sol, capacité d'échange cationique, azote, salinité, etc.

Soil depth on average: Deep (Soils are very deep (75%))
Soil texture: Medium (fertile loam soils)
Soil fertility is medium (ranked 1) and high (ranked 2)
Topsoil organic matter: Medium (ranked 1, in the crop lands), low (ranked 2, degraded areas) and high (ranked 3, around the homestead)
Soil water storage capacity: Medium (ranked 1, on crop land) and high (ranked 2, on flat plateau land)

5.6 Caractéristiques des exploitants des terres appliquant la Technologie

Indiquez toute autre caractéristique pertinente des exploitants des terres:

Population density: > 500 persons/km2
Annual population growth: 2% - 3%
5% of the land users are rich.
10% of the land users are average wealthy.
45% of the land users are poor.
40% of the land users are poor.
Off-farm income specification: Farmers who have SWC measures on their land produce more and hence have better financial income, which could allow them get involved in petty trade and other activities.
Level of mechanization: Animal traction (ranked 1, crop lands) and manual work ( ranked 2, homstead and gully lands)
Market orientation of cropland production system: subsistence (self-supply, maize) and mixed (subsistence/ commercial, sweet potato, teff, coffee)

5.7 Superficie moyenne des terres détenues ou louées par les exploitants appliquant la Technologie

6.1 Impacts sur site que la Technologie a montrés

Impacts socio-économiques

Production

Revenus et coûts

Impacts socioculturels

Impacts écologiques

Sols

Autres impacts écologiques

6.2 Impacts hors site que la Technologie a montrés

6.4 Analyse coûts-bénéfices

Quels sont les bénéfices comparativement aux coûts de mise en place (du point de vue des exploitants des terres)?

Quels sont les bénéfices comparativement aux coûts d'entretien récurrents (du point de vue des exploitants des terres)?

6.5 Adoption de la Technologie

Commentaires:

50 land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support