1.2 Coordonnées des personnes-ressources et des institutions impliquées dans l'évaluation et la documentation de la Technologie

Nom du ou des institutions qui ont facilité la documentation/ l'évaluation de la Technologie (si pertinent)

Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) - Chine

1.3 Conditions relatives à l'utilisation par WOCAT des données documentées

Quand les données ont-elles été compilées (sur le terrain)?

22/05/2002

Le compilateur et la(les) personne(s) ressource(s) acceptent les conditions relatives à l'utilisation par WOCAT des données documentées:

Oui

1.5 Référence au(x) questionnaire(s) sur les Approches de GDT

2.1 Courte description de la Technologie

Définition de la Technologie:

Controlling a small watershed comprehensively with structural, vegetative, management, and agronomic measures based on harvesting area of ground water and underground water, to improve the production and conservation of land.

2.2 Description détaillée de la Technologie

Description:

Over several decades of SWC practices, a successful experience of SWC has been concluded, that is Small Watershed Comprehensive Development. The main aim is regarded a small watershed as a control unit for soil and water conservation. The approach is to control soil and water loss comprehensively by structural measure combining vegetative, agronomic and management measures. Specifically:
1. Agronomic method/measure: contour cultivation, area closure, and green manure
2. Vegetative method/measure: plant trees, grass, grass strip, windbreaks and reforestation
3. Structural method/measures: terrace, ands, small reservoir, and dams
4. Land use management/measure: grazing, area closure, and land use change

2.5 Pays/ région/ lieux où la Technologie a été appliquée et qui sont couverts par cette évaluation

2.6 Date de mise en œuvre de la Technologie

Si l'année précise est inconnue, indiquez la date approximative: :

• il y a plus de 50 ans (technologie traditionnelle)

2.7 Introduction de la Technologie

Spécifiez comment la Technologie a été introduite: :

• par le biais de projets/ d'interventions extérieures

Commentaires (type de projet, etc.) :

From 1950's, China began to work on integrated control of watershed based on the long term experiences of the mass's practices in SWC.

3.1 Principal(aux) objectif(s) de la Technologie

• protéger un bassin versant/ des zones situées en aval - en combinaison avec d'autres technologies

3.2 Type(s) actuel(s) d'utilisation des terres, là où la Technologie est appliquée

Commentaires:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): In the mountainous area, land users always open up wasteland along slopes to improve/increase the productivity, but these lands tend to increase in the soil loss. In my opinion, in these areas land users should plant trees to develop economy, increase the annual productivity to improve the economy.

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): The land users become to realize the importance of maintaining ecological balance, so many of them are now acting to plant trees and stopping overgrazing in the areas.

Grazingland comments: More recently, SWC areas are closed, calling for stall feeding.

Problems / comments regarding forest use: Developing more fruit trees and economic woodland.

Type of grazing system comments: More recently, SWC areas are closed, calling for stall feeding.

3.3 Informations complémentaires sur l'utilisation des terres

Approvisionnement en eau des terres sur lesquelles est appliquée la Technologie:

• pluvial

Commentaires:

Water supply also mixed rainfed - irrigated

Nombre de période de croissance par an: :

• 3

Précisez:

Longest growing period in days: 90Longest growing period from month to month: Jul - SepSecond longest growing period in days: 60Second longest growing period from month to month: May - Jun

3.4 Groupe de GDT auquel appartient la Technologie

• gestion des eaux de surface (sources, rivières, lacs, mers)

3.5 Diffusion de la Technologie

Spécifiez la diffusion de la Technologie:

• répartie uniformément sur une zone

Si la Technologie est uniformément répartie sur une zone, indiquez la superficie couverte approximative:

• 10-100 km2

Commentaires:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 39.8 m2.

3.6 Mesures de GDT constituant la Technologie

Commentaires:

Type of agronomic measures: early planting, zero tillage / no-till, minimum tillage, contour tillage

3.7 Principaux types de dégradation des terres traités par la Technologie

Commentaires:

Main type of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion, Cn: fertility decline and reduced organic matter content

Main causes of degradation: deforestation / removal of natural vegetation (incl. forest fires), poverty / wealth (Lack of captial)

3.8 Prévention, réduction de la dégradation ou réhabilitation des terres dégradées

Spécifiez l'objectif de la Technologie au regard de la dégradation des terres:

• réduire la dégradation des terres

4.2 Spécification/ explications techniques du dessin technique

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: low

Technical knowledge required for land users: moderate

Main technical functions: control of raindrop splash, control of dispersed runoff: retain / trap, control of concentrated runoff: retain / trap, control of concentrated runoff: impede / retard, control of concentrated runoff: drain / divert, reduction of slope angle, improvement of ground cover, increase of surface roughness, increase in organic matter, increase of infiltration, increase / maintain water stored in soil, water harvesting / increase water supply, sediment retention / trapping, sediment harvesting, increase in soil fertility, improvement of soil structure

Early planting
Material/ species: velamen
Quantity/ density: Row

Zero tillage / no-till
Material/ species: On the slope lands where have

Minimum tillage
Material/ species: On the slopes where have

Trees/ shrubs species: pine

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 28.00%

If the original slope has changed as a result of the Technology, the slope today is (see figure below): 15.00%

Gradient along the rows / strips: 60.00%

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 28.00%

If the original slope has changed as a result of the Technology, the slope today is: 15.00%

Lateral gradient along the structure: 40.00%

For water harvesting: the ratio between the area where the harvested water is applied and the total area from which water is collected is: 1:5.00

Vegetation is used for stabilisation of structures.

4.3 Informations générales sur le calcul des intrants et des coûts

Indiquez la monnaie utilisée pour le calcul des coûts:

• dollars US

4.4 Activités de mise en place/ d'établissement

	Activité	Type de mesures	Calendrier
1.	plant fence beside terrace	Végétale	1965
2.	terrace	Structurel	1968
3.	small reservior	Structurel	1959

4.5 Coûts et intrants nécessaires à la mise en place

Commentaires:

Duration of establishment phase: 84 month(s)

4.6 Activités d'entretien/ récurrentes

	Activité	Type de mesures	Calendrier/ fréquence
1.	conserving soil and planting crops	Agronomique	seeding season / annual
2.	improve fertilizer	Agronomique	winter, spring /
3.	increase fertilizer	Agronomique	seeding season /
4.	Cutting fence, planting	Végétale	fall /annual
5.	terrace	Structurel	leisure/annual
6.	small reservior	Structurel	winter/annual

4.7 Coûts et intrants nécessaires aux activités d'entretien/ récurrentes (par an)

Commentaires:

It is estimated from the management in local area.

4.8 Facteurs les plus importants affectant les coûts

Décrivez les facteurs les plus importants affectant les coûts :

Much money is needed to build terraces if hill slope is steeper.

5.1 Climat

5.2 Topographie

Commentaires et précisions supplémentaires sur la topographie:

Landforms also valley floors and footslopes

5.3 Sols

Si disponible, joignez une description complète du sol ou précisez les informations disponibles, par ex., type de sol, pH/ acidité du sol, capacité d'échange cationique, azote, salinité, etc.

Soil fertility; medium

Soil drainage / infiltration: good

Soil water storage capacity: low

5.6 Caractéristiques des exploitants des terres appliquant la Technologie

Indiquez toute autre caractéristique pertinente des exploitants des terres:

Population density: 100-200 persons/km2

Annual population growth: < 0.5%

80% of the land users are rich and own 100% of the land (Lease bared land).

Off-farm income specification: It is much different between whose who have SWC practice and not involved in the SWC. Those who take part in the SWC implementation can get much benefits than whose who not.

Level of mechanization: animal traction: Land in the mountain areas are very small, tilled using animal labor, some are tilled by tractor.

Level of mechanization: mechanized/motorized: If area of land is large enough for tractor.

5.8 Propriété foncière, droits d’utilisation des terres et de l'eau

Propriété foncière:

• état

Droits d’utilisation des terres:

• individuel

6.1 Impacts sur site que la Technologie a montrés

Impacts écologiques

Cycle de l'eau/ ruissellement

Sols

6.4 Analyse coûts-bénéfices

Quels sont les bénéfices comparativement aux coûts de mise en place (du point de vue des exploitants des terres)?

Quels sont les bénéfices comparativement aux coûts d'entretien récurrents (du point de vue des exploitants des terres)?

6.5 Adoption de la Technologie

Si disponible, quantifiez (nombre de ménages et/ou superficie couverte):

138 Households

Parmi tous ceux qui ont adopté la Technologie, combien d'entre eux l'ont fait spontanément, à savoir sans recevoir aucune incitation matérielle ou aucun paiement?

• 10-50%

Commentaires:

90% of land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

80 land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

Comments on acceptance with external material support: estimates

30% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

58 land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

Comments on spontaneous adoption: estimates

There is a strong trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: More and more peasants and local government become to understand the advantages. They would use these technologies. Meanwhile they also want to get help from the government.