1.2 ព័ត៌មានលម្អិតពីបុគ្គលសំខាន់ៗ និងស្ថាប័នដែលចូលរួមក្នុងការវាយតម្លៃ និងចងក្រងឯកសារនៃវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ

ឈ្មោះគម្រោងដែលបានចងក្រងឯកសារ/ វាយតម្លៃលើវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ (បើទាក់ទង)

Index Based Livestock Insurance, Kenya (IBLI)

ឈ្មោះគម្រោងដែលបានចងក្រងឯកសារ/ វាយតម្លៃលើវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ (បើទាក់ទង)

Book project: Guidelines to Rangeland Management in Sub-Saharan Africa (Rangeland Management)

ឈ្មោះអង្គភាពមួយ (ច្រើន) ដែលបានចងក្រងឯកសារ/ វាយតម្លៃលើវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ (បើទាក់ទង)

ILRI International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) - ប្រទេសកេនយ៉ា

1.3 លក្ខខណ្ឌទាក់ទងទៅនឹងការប្រើប្រាស់ទិន្នន័យដែលបានចងក្រងតាមរយៈវ៉ូខេត

តើពេលណាដែលទិន្នន័យបានចងក្រង (នៅទីវាល)?

23/11/2017

អ្នកចងក្រង និង(បុគ្គលសំខាន់ៗ)យល់ព្រមទទួលយកនូវលក្ខខណ្ឌនានាទាក់ទងទៅនឹងការប្រើប្រាស់ទិន្នន័យដែលបានចងក្រងតាមរយៈ​ វ៉ូខេត:

បាទ/ចា៎

2.1 ពណ៌នាសង្ខេបខ្លីពីវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ

Government of Kenya (GoK) is implementing the Kenya Livestock Insurance Program (KLIP). KLIP is a GoK funded drought insurance program for vulnerable pastoralists located in the Arid and Semi-Arid Lands (ASALs) of Kenya. KLIP’s overall objective is to reduce the risk of livestock mortality emanating from drought. This is intended to help to build resilience of vulnerable pastoralists for enhanced and sustainable food security.

2.2 ពណ៌នាលម្អិតពិវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ

ពណ៌នាលម្អិតពិវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ:

Currently, under KLIP, GoK pays insurance premiums for a maximum of 5 Tropical Livestock Units to over 18,000 selected households that are considered vulnerable (i.e. own less than 5 TLUs). (0.1 of 1TLU is equivalent to 1 goat or sheep,therefore 10 goats/sheep = 1 cow (TLU) and 1.7 of TLU is equivalent to a camel or 17 goat/sheep or 1 cow + 7 goats/sheep = 1 camel). The program is currently being implemented in 8 Arid and Semi-Arid counties in Northern Kenya. In case of severe forage scarcity because of drought, the households enrolled on KLIP receive pay-outs to enable them purchase fodder, veterinary drugs and water to keep their animals alive during the drought season. The expected impact of KLIP on pastoralists’ livelihoods protected assets and improved resilience due to better recovery mechanisms from drought shocks. At national level, reduced expenditure on humanitarian emergencies during severe droughts and sustained contribution of the livestock sub sector to the national economy is expected. As a Sustainable Land Management (SLM) solution, the KLIP approach can contribute to reduced pressure on grazing lands by providing pay-outs which are used by pastoralists to purchase animal feeds from outside the KLIP counties during drought periods, leading to reduced land degradation.
KLIP was first piloted in 2014 in 2 counties in the ASALs of Kenya i.e. Wajir and Turkana counties. 2500 households from each county were enrolled to the program, each receiving insurance worth 5TLUs for 1-year renewable period. In August 2016, 275 households in Wajir County received a total of Ksh. 3.5 million pay-out as a result of the failed long rain season of the same year. KLIP later expanded to cover 4 more counties in 2017 which included Isiolo, Marsabit, Mandera and Turkana raising the total number of beneficiary households to 14,000. In February 2017, a payout worth Ksh. 214 million was triggered to 10,000 pastoralists households across the six counties at the end of the failed short rainy season of 2016 (October to December). In 2017 KLIP added to more Counties Samburu and Tana River on its scope. Later in August of the same year, another payout worth Ksh. 319 million triggered across 7 counties leading to 12,000 beneficiaries receiving compensation. Currently KLIP is operational in the 8 counties, with plans underway for expansion to reach all the 14 ASAL counties of Kenya.
KLIP pay-outs are pegged to measurements of forage conditions made via satellite data on vegetation cover to derive an index of seasonal forage availability/scarcity, called the Normalized Differenced Vegetative Index (NDVI). The index can be defined as a measure comparing the total amount of forage available across the contract season with the historic average forage availability of that season. When the index signals that forage conditions have deteriorated to the point that animals are likely to die, KLIP compensates pastoralists in cash pay-outs immediately after a failed rainy season(s) and just before the start of subsequent dry season to help pastoralists buy fodder, drugs and water to sustain their livestock through the drought period.
The use of a satellite based Index eliminates the need for insurance companies to carryout loss verification, which would be logistically and financially impossible to implement if they were to provide livestock insurance in such vast and remote areas as Kenya’s ASALs. Satellite data (NDVI) is used to calculate forage conditions in a specific area over a specific season in order to determine whether the index could trigger a pay-out. Once pay-outs are triggered pastoralists registered under the affected areas are automatically eligible for compensation . Payouts are immediately disbursed via either M-Pesa or bank accounts depending on the beneficiaries preffered means as specified during registration.
The implementation of KLIP is done through a Public Private Partnership approach (PPP) spearheaded by the State Department of Livestock (SDL) under the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries (MOALF). The GoK purchases KLIP policies on behalf of the pastoralists targeted under the KLIP program. However, in case of an insurance payout, indemnified households receive their respective share of the payout directly from the underwriting insurance company/ies. Private Insurance companies registered in Kenya provide underwriting services for KLIP. The World Bank Group provides financial and technical support while ILRI provides awareness and capacity development support together with KLIP contract design. Various capacity development and awareness creation tools e.g. radio programs, posters, flyers, cartoon booklets, videos and training manuals have been used by KLIP to target pastoralists, partners and policy makers. A contract design tool has also been developed for KLIP with the support of ILRI and the WBG for insurance firms to use in determining their KLIP pricing options.

2.3 រូបភាពនៃវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ

2.4 វីឌីអូនៃវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ

2.5 ប្រទេស/តំបន់/ទីតាំងកន្លែង ដែលវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយត្រូវបានអនុវត្តន៍

2.6 កាលបរិច្ឆេទនៃការចាប់ផ្តើម និងបញ្ចប់នៃវិធីសាស្រ្តផ្សព្វផ្សាយនេះ

2.7 ប្រភេទនៃវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ

• ផ្អែកលើគម្រោង/កម្មវិធី

2.8 គោលបំណង/ទិសដៅសំខាន់នៃវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ

The overall objective of KLIP is to reduce the risk of livestock mortality emanating from drought and to build the resilience of vulnerable pastoralists for enhanced and sustainable food security. KLIP is intended to enhance the capacity of pastoral communities to minimize weather related risks through provision of index based livestock insurance.
KLIP's specific objectives are:
i) To build the resilience of vulnerable pastoralists in Kenya's ASALs against the consequences of drought by developing and applying index based insurance products in the provision of livestock insurance services to the pastoralists
ii) To build capacities of the pastoral communities and stakeholders in the use of insurance for the reduction of weather related risks and rebuilding of livelihood support systems;
iii) To increase Public-Private-Partnerships (PPP) in the provision of index based livestock insurance to the vulnerable pastoralists whose livelihoods are dependent on livestock.

2.9 លក្ខខណ្ឌអនុញ្ញាត ឬរារាំងការអនុវត្តន៍បច្ចេកទេសដែលស្ថិតនៅក្រោមវិធីសាស្រ្តផ្សព្វផ្សាយ

3.1 អ្នកពាក់ព័ន្ធដែលបានចូលរួមក្នុងវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ និងតួនាទីរបស់ពួកគេ

3.2 ការចូលរួមរបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដីក្នុងតំបន់/ សហគមន៍ក្នុងតំបន់ក្នុងដំណាក់កាលផ្សេងគ្នានៃវិធីសាស្រ្តផ្សព្វផ្សាយ

	ការចូលរួមរបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដីក្នុងតំបន់/សហគមន៍ក្នុងតំបន់	សូមបញ្ជាក់នរណាត្រូវបានចូលរួម ព្រមទាំងពណ៌នាសកម្មភាពទាំងនោះ
ការចាប់ផ្តើម/ការលើកទឹកចិត្ត	អន្តរកម្ម	GoK was motivated to implement KLIP in order to protect vulnerable communities from livestock losses due to drought, and also accelerate further uptake of livestock insurance by pastoralists, by experiencing how the product works.
ការរៀបចំផែនការ	អន្តរកម្ម	KLIP exemplifies the case of a multi-stakeholder participatory approach linking scientific analysis with local knowledge, while facilitating the awareness, understanding and acceptance of the product by local communities. Activities such as; delineation of geographic areas that constitute an insurable unit and selection of KLIP beneficiaries are conducted through transparent and participatory means.
ការអនុវត្តន៍	អន្តរកម្ម	KLIP is implemented by the SDL with support from World Bank and ILRI in collaboration with local private insurance companies which underwrite the product either individually or as a consortium. County governments and local NGOs are also involved in the implementation of KLIP.
ការត្រួតពិនិត្យ និងវាយតម្លៃ	អន្តរកម្ម	M & E under KLIP, largely relies on acquiring information from management and project records that reflect program resource use and implementation. Primary data collection from key stakeholders is also used. Outcome measurement uses a combination of both qualitative and quantitative methods. Data collection for high level outcomes, for instance the impact of KLIP on household welfare, will require the use of official country level data or relying on countrywide surveys, since these outcomes are normally outside the full control of the program.
	អន្តរកម្ម

3.3 គំនូសបំព្រួញ (ប្រសិនបើមាន)

3.4 ការសម្រេចចិត្តលើការជ្រើសរើសបច្ចេកទេស SLM

សូមបញ្ជាក់តើអ្នកណាជាអ្នកបានសម្រេចចិត្តក្នុងការជ្រើសរើសបច្ចេកទេសដើម្បីយកមកអនុវត្តន៍:

• គ្រប់ភាគីពាក់ព័ន្ធទាំងអស់ដែលជាផ្នែកនៃវិធីសាស្រ្តផ្សព្វផ្សាយដោយមានការចូលរួម

សូមបញ្ជាក់ តើការសម្រេចធ្វើឡើងដោយផ្អែកលើអ្វីជាមូលដ្ឋាន:

• វាយតម្លៃទៅលើចំណេះដឹងស្តីអំពី SLM ដែលបានចងក្រងជាឯកសារបានត្រឹមត្រូវ (ផ្អែកលើភស្តុតាងជាមូលដ្ឋានដើម្បីសម្រេចចិត្ត)

4.1 ការកសាងសមត្ថភាព/ បណ្តុះបណ្តាល

តើវគ្គបណ្តុះបណ្តាលបានផ្តល់ឱ្យអ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដី/អ្នកពាក់ព័ន្ធផ្សេងៗទៀតដែរឬទេ?

បាទ/ចា៎

សូមបញ្ជាក់តើអ្នកណាត្រូវបានបណ្តុះបណ្តាល:

• អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដី
• បុគ្គលិកចុះទីវាល/អ្នកផ្តល់ប្រឹក្សាយោបល់

ទម្រង់នៃការបណ្តុះបណ្តាល:

• ពីកសិករទីកសិករ
• ការប្រជុំជាសាធារណៈ
• វគ្គបណ្តុះបណ្តាល

ប្រធានបទបណ្តុះបណ្តាល:

1. Introduction to KLIP and its key features
a. Contract features
b. KLIP coverage
2. Beneficiary selection & registration
3. KLIP communication and awareness creation – Managing interactions with other programs
4. KLIP Voluntary and fully subsidized products - features and differences
5. County governments and State Department of Livestock coordination

មតិយោបល់:

A general training course, whose content elaborates how index based livestock insurance works was developed and distributed in form of an e-learning platform available fro registration at http://learning.ilri.org. The same course is also available in form of physical manuals and simplified pictorial books.

4.2 សេវាផ្តល់ប្រឹក្សាយោបល់

តើអ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដីបានទទួលនូវសេវាផ្តល់ប្រឹក្សាដែរ ឬទេ?

បាទ/ចា៎

សូមបញ្ជាក់ប្រសិនបើសេវាកម្មប្រឹក្សាយោបល់ត្រូវបានផ្តល់ឱ្យ:

• នៅមជ្ឈមណ្ឌលជាអចិន្ត្រៃ

ពណ៌នា/ពន្យល់:

A Program Coordination Unit (PCU) comprising of a program coordinator and 2 technical officers i.e. an M&E specialist and a Networking and Capacity development specialist were constituted under the SDL. The PCU is responsible for implementing the program and its day-to-day operations. Each technical officer is responsible for specific components of the program. Advisory communication via phone and email are frequently conducted between the KLIP implementation counties and the PCU. The PCU also supports recruitment of beneficiaries, training, awareness, M&E and communication for KLIP beneficiaries, various stakeholders and partners. ILRI provides support to these activities through its Markets and Capacity development unit. The PCU also provides reports to county governments on all KLIP related aspects including; the status of the index, number and identity of beneficiaries and the amount of indemnities paid.

4.3 ការពង្រឹងសមត្ថភាពស្ថាប័ន (ការអភិរឌ្ឍន៍អង្គភាព)

តើស្ថាប័នទាំងអស់ត្រូវបានបង្កើតឡើង ឬពង្រឹងសមត្ថភាពតាមរយៈវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយដែរ ឬទេ?

• បាទ/ច៎ា ជាមធ្យម

សូមបញ្ជាក់ថាតើស្ថាប័នត្រូវបានពង្រឹង ឬបង្កើតឡើងនៅត្រឹមកម្រិតណា(ច្រើន)?

• ថ្នាក់មូលដ្ឋាន
• កម្រិតថ្នាក់តំបន់
• កម្រិតថ្នាក់ជាតិ

ចូពណ៌នាពីស្ថាប័ន តួនាទី និងទំនួលខុសត្រូវ សមាជិក ។ល។:

At the National level; the KLIP coordination unit under the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries is responsible for the following:
-To develop, and institutionalize a large-scale sustainable livestock insurance program for the Arid and Semi-Arid Lands
-Efficient and effective engagement of relevant stakeholders
-Influencing policy
-Develop and maintain Public Private Partnerships
-To institutionalizing provision of livestock insurance at national and county government levels for increased resilience of vulnerable pastoralists
-Sustained demand of livestock insurance
Regional governments (Counties) are responsible for the following:
- Support access to appropriate livestock insurance products - registration of beneficiaries, extension and awareness creation
International NGOs i.e. The World Bank Group (WBG) provides funding to the GoK and is also the principal technical adviser to the SDL on KLIP. ILRI is also funded by the World Bank Group to provide technical support around KLIP contract design, awareness creation and capacity development.

សូមបញ្ជាក់ប្រភេទនៃការគាំទ្រ:

• ហិរញ្ញវត្ថុ
• ការកសាងសមត្ថភាព/ បណ្តុះបណ្តាល

4.4 ការត្រួតពិនិត្យ និងវាយតម្លៃ

តើការត្រួតពិនិត្យ និងវាយតម្លៃគឺជាផ្នែកមួយនៃវិធីសាស្ត្រដែរឬទេ?

បាទ/ចា៎

មតិយោបល់:

A monitoring and evaluation framework is in place to ensure that the program is constantly improved and that it can respond to challenges and opportunities arising in the field. The M&E framework is a tool for continuous program planning, implementation and reflection and also used for day-to-day reporting and tracking of progress towards outcomes and long-term impacts. The M&E frameworks's principle purposes are summarized as follows: • Tracking progress on program implementation • Identifying gaps and weaknesses in the implementation process • Planning, prioritizing, allocating and managing resources during the entire program timeline • Providing lessons for program management Regular technical reports are generated by the PCU to be submitted to the KLIP technical committee for their technical inputs.

ប្រសិន បាទ/ច៎ា តើឯកសារនេះបានបង្កើតឡើងក្នុងគោលបំណងប្រើប្រាស់សម្រាប់ការត្រួតពិនិត្យ និងវាយតម្លៃដែរឬទេ?

ទេ

មតិយោបល់:

KLIP M&E frame work is available

4.5 ការស្រាវជ្រាវ

តើការស្រាវជ្រាវ គឺជាផ្នែកមួយនៃវិធីសាស្រ្តដែរឬទេ?

បាទ/ចា៎

បញ្ជាក់ប្រធានបទ:

• សង្គមវិទ្យា
• សេដ្ឋកិច្ច/ទីផ្សារ
• បច្ចេកវិទ្យា

សូមផ្តល់ព័ត៌មានបន្ថែមទៀតឱ្យបានលម្អិត និងចង្អុលបង្ហាញនរណាដែលបានធ្វើការស្រាវជ្រាវ:

A livestock insurance service for Kenya's ASALs was tested with remarkable success on a pilot basis by the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI's) Index Based Livestock Insurance (IBLI) from 2010 –2015 supported by DfID, AUSAID, USAID and other development partners. The lessons drawn from this experience were incorporated in the inception and implementation of KLIP.

5.1 ថវិកាប្រចាំឆ្នាំសម្រាប់ផ្សព្វផ្សាយ SLM

ប្រសិនបើចំនួនពិតប្រាកដនៃថវិកាប្រចាំឆ្នាំមិនត្រូវបានដឹងច្បាស់ សូមប្រាប់ពីចន្លោះនៃថវិកានោះ:

• > 1,000,000

មតិយោបល់ (ឧ. ប្រភពសំខាន់នៃមូលនិធិ/ម្ចាស់ជំនួយចំបង):

The main source of funding for the KLIP project is from the government of Kenya and the World Bank.

5.2 ការគាំទ្រផ្នែកហិរញ្ញវត្ថុ / សម្ភារៈដែលបានផ្តល់ទៅឱ្យអ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដី

តើអ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដីបានទទួលការគាំទ្រផ្នែកហិរញ្ញវត្ថ/សម្ភារៈសម្រាប់ការអនុវត្តន៍បច្ចេកទេសដែរឬទេ:

បាទ/ចា៎

ប្រសិនបាទ/ច៎ា សូមបញ្ជាក់ប្រភេទ(ច្រើន)នៃការគាំទ្រ លក្ខខណ្ឌ និងអ្នកផ្តល់ឱ្យ(ច្រើន):

Over 14,000 households currently under KLIP receive fully subsidized livestock insurance cover where the government of Kenya fully funds the premiums at an average rate of Ksh. 3000 per TLU, based on the cost of feeding 1 TLU during the months affected with severe drought during in a year. Each pastoralist receives cover for a maximum of 5 cows (5 TLU).
However the SDL plans to provide for a partially subsidized KLIP cover, which can be purchased by any interested pastoralist, for as long as they are willing to pay for a partial cost of the premium . Further considerations are underway to assess the possibility of making voluntary insurance more accessible and affordable to pastoralists by partial premium subsidies.

5.3 សូមបញ្ជាក់ពីធាតុចូលត្រូវបានផ្តល់បដិភាគ (រួមទាំងកម្លាំងពលកម្ម)

• កសិកម្ម

5.4 ឥណទាន

តើឥណទានដែលបានផ្តល់នៅក្រោមវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយសម្រាប់សកម្មភាព SLM នេះយ៉ាងដូចម្តេច?

ទេ

5.5 ការលើកទឹកចិត្ត ឬវិធីសាស្ត្រដ៏ទៃទៀត

តើមានការលើកទឹកចិត្តផ្សេងទៀត ឬឧបករណ៍ប្រើប្រាស់ដើម្បីលើកកម្ពស់ការអនុវត្តន៍បច្ចេកទេស SLM?

បាទ/ចា៎

6.1 ផលប៉ះពាល់នៃវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ

6.2 ការលើកទឹកចិត្តចម្បងៗរបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដីសម្រាប់ការអនុវត្តបច្ចេកទេស SLM

6.3 សកម្មភាពផ្សព្វផ្សាយដែលប្រកបដោយចីរភាព

តើអ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដីអាចធ្វើឱ្យមានចីរភាពនូវអ្វីដែលត្រូវបានអនុវត្តន៍តាមរយៈវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយដែរឬទេ(ដោយពុំមានការគាំទ្រពីអ្នកខាងក្រៅ)?

• មិនប្រាកដ

ប្រសិន ទេ ឬមិនប្រាកដសូមបញ្ជាក់ និងពន្យល់:

KLIP is structured in a double pronged approach meant to ensure scale up and sustainability, however uncertainty over the program's sustainability emanates from the lack of government policies that can guarantee continuity. Efforts are still ongoing to ensure such policies are in place.

6.4 ភាពខ្លាំង/ គុណសម្បត្តិនៃវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ

ភាពខ្លាំង/ គុណសម្បត្តិ/ ឱកាស ទស្សនៈរបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដី
High level support from the government and development partners is a strength for KLIP as it continues to attract goodwill from key stakeholders within and outside government.
KLIP is anchored in a reliable, simple and trusted technology - index based livestock insurance, which is a product of rigorous research.
KLIP's impacts and lessons are replicable and scalable in other geographical locations .

6.5 ភាពខ្សោយ/ គុណវិបត្តិនៃវិធីសាស្ត្រ និងរកដំណោះស្រាយ

ភាពខ្សោយ/ គុណវិបត្តិ/ ហានិភ័យ ទស្សនៈរបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដី	តើបច្ចេកទេសទាំងនោះបានដោះស្រាយបញ្ហាដូចម្តេច?
Full commercialization of livestock insurance might be a challenge to achieve considering that the private sector, especially insurance companies are profit oriented and might not be fully motivated to venture into the hard to reach, remote and poorly infrastructured ASALs of Kenya where KLIP is implemented.	Continuous capacity development and proper policy environment should be created to enable the private sector's desire to venture into the target regions and fully commercialize the product.
Sustainability – There is no government policy or legislative Act on KLIP . Its therefore not a guaranteed possibility that the government will support this in the long term.	Continued advocacy, lobbying and sensitization need to be done targeting the key policy makers. Also a proper exit strategy should be designed and put into action.

7.1 វិធីសាស្ត្រ/ ប្រភពនៃព័ត៌មាន

7.2 ឯកសារយោងដែលបានចេញផ្សាយ

ចំណងជើង អ្នកនិពន្ធ ឆ្នាំ ISBN:

N/A

7.3 ចូលទៅទាញយកឯកសារពាក់ព័ន្ធដែលមានលើបណ្តាញអ៊ិនធឺណែត

ចំណងជើង/ ពណ៌នា:

Successful Kenya Livestock Insurance Program scheme scales up

វេបសាយ:

http://www.swissre.com/reinsurance/successful_Kenya_livestock_insurance_program_scheme_scales_up.html

ចំណងជើង/ ពណ៌នា:

Govt to release record cash payout in livestock insurance program

វេបសាយ:

https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/business/2017/03/govt-to-release-record-cash-payout-in-livestock-insurance-program/

ចំណងជើង/ ពណ៌នា:

APA Pay The First Major Claim To The Kenya Livestock Insurance Program (KLIP) Farmers

វេបសាយ:

http://www.apainsurance.org/news/apa-pay-the-first-major-claim-to-the-kenya-livestock-insurance-program-klip-farmers/

ចំណងជើង/ ពណ៌នា:

SATELLITE, MOBILE TECHNOLOGIES UNDERPIN INSURANCE PAYOUT TO HERDERS IN KENYA

វេបសាយ:

https://www.iii.org/insuranceindustryblog/?tag=kenya-livestock-insurance-program

ចំណងជើង/ ពណ៌នា:

Record payouts being made by Kenya Government and insurers to protect herders facing historic drought

វេបសាយ:

https://ibli.ilri.org/2017/02/22/record-payouts-being-made-by-kenya-government-and-insurers-to-protect-herders-facing-historic-drought/