1.2 ຂໍ້ມູນ ການຕິດຕໍ່ພົວພັນ ຂອງບຸກຄົນທີ່ສໍາຄັນ ແລະ ສະຖາບັນ ທີ່ມີສ່ວນຮ່ວມ ໃນການປະເມີນເອກກະສານ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ

ຊື່ໂຄງການ ທີ່ອໍານວຍຄວາມສະດວກ ໃນການສ້າງເອກກະສານ/ປະເມີນ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ (ຖ້າກ່ຽວຂ້ອງ)

The Transboundary Agro-ecosystem Management Project for the Kagera River Basin (GEF-FAO / Kagera TAMP )

ຊື່ສະຖາບັນ (ຫຼາຍສະຖາບັນ) ທີ່ອໍານວຍຄວາມສະດວກ ໃນການສ້າງເອກກະສານ / ປະເມີນ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ (ຖ້າກ່ຽວຂ້ອງ)

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) - ອີຕາລີ

ຊື່ສະຖາບັນ (ຫຼາຍສະຖາບັນ) ທີ່ອໍານວຍຄວາມສະດວກ ໃນການສ້າງເອກກະສານ / ປະເມີນ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ (ຖ້າກ່ຽວຂ້ອງ)

Ngara District Council (Ngara District Council) - ຕານຊາເນຍ

1.3 ເງື່ອນໄຂ ກ່ຽວກັບ ການນໍາໃຊ້ຂໍ້ມູນເອກະສານ ທີ່ສ້າງຂື້ນ ໂດຍຜ່ານ ອົງການພາບລວມຂອງໂລກ ທາງດ້ານແນວທາງ ແລະ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ ຂອງການອານຸລັກ ທໍາມະຊາດ (WOCAT)

ຜູ້ປ້ອນຂໍ້ມູນ ແລະ ບຸກຄົນສຳຄັນ ທີ່ໃຫ້ຂໍ້ມູນ (ຫຼາຍ) ຍິນຍອມ ຕາມເງື່ອນໄຂ ໃນການນຳໃຊ້ຂໍ້ມູນ ເພື່ອສ້າງເປັນເອກກະສານຂອງ WOCAT:

ແມ່ນ

1.5 ອ້າງອີງເຖິງແບບສອບສອບຖາມ (ຫຼາຍ) ທາງດ້ານວິທີການ ໃນການຄຸ້ມຄອງ ທີ່ດິນແບບຍືນຍົງ

2.1 ຄໍາອະທິບາຍສັ້ນຂອງ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ

ການກຳໜົດຄວາມໝາຍ ຂອງເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ:

Establishment of apiaries in natural forests to retard forest mismanagement and improve honey production

2.2 ການອະທິບາຍ ລາຍລະອຽດ ຂອງເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ

ການພັນລະນາ:

This technology has been practiced in Ngara region for the last 50 year and involves construction and upkeep of apiaries for honey and related goods production. The apiaries are constructed by farmers (traditional) or purchased (modern box hieves) and then positioned in a designated forest area that is away from settlements and public places. The apiaries should be hanged on a strong branches of trees with good shade and the honey production process takes from 9 to 12 months.

Purpose of the Technology: It is recommended to apply this technology in the forest that is exposed to deforestation as apiaries help to enhance forest protection. The establishment of apiaries help to improve management of the natural forest while increasing production of honey. This will contribute to the better livelihood of the community and environmental wellbeing.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: The described technology covers area of enclosed 4 hectares of natural forest and establishment of 365 apiaries (338 traditional, 27 box hives); the group of practitioners consist of 10 members (7 male and 3 female). The establishment procedures require: a) identification of forest at risk of degradation, b) ermarcation of the apiary forest, c) creefing of fire breaks d) reparations for and hanging the beehives (traditional and box hives). Maintanance acivities include a) regular slashing of grasses and bushes around the trees with hives b)grading with hand hoes the fire breaks/ roads around the entire forest for fire protection before each dry season c) cleaning of hives,repairs and harvest honey with bee protectives (bee smoker,bee veils,gloves) to eliminate the risks of fire in the forest.Patrol and guard tresspassers d) monitoring pests and diseases

Natural / human environment: Natural occuring tree species include: Combretus spp., Albizia spp., Parinari spp., Pericopsis spp. and Eucalyptus woodlots. Grazing areas are nearby but restricted by village by laws to tress pass in the forest apiary
The aipiaries should be located near permanent water sources because bees use water for honey production and cooling in the hives. Farmers with bee hives become more committed to protect their forest when they hang beehives in the area. Honey is harvested for consumption, trade and medicinal mixtures
The land users are small scale subsistance farmers with poor to average income/wealth,organised as a group of 10 farmers. the population density is between 200-500 people per square km and anual population growth at 2-3% Land ownership is both individual and communal but there are natural forestl areas owned communally through village governments where groups may access temporarily by request to establish environmental friendly activities such as forest apiaries.

2.3 ຮູບພາບຂອງເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ

2.5 ປະເທດ / ເຂດ / ສະຖານທີ່ບ່ອນທີ່ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ ໄດ້ຮັບການນໍາໃຊ້ ແລະ ທີ່ຖືກປົກຄຸມດ້ວຍການປະເມີນຜົນ

2.6 ວັນທີໃນການຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດ

ຖ້າຫາກວ່າ ບໍ່ຮູ້ຈັກ ປີທີ່ຊັດເຈນ ແມ່ນໃຫ້ປະມານ ວັນທີເອົາ:

• ຫຼາຍກ່ອນ 50 ປີຜ່ານມາ (ແບບພື້ນບ້ານ)

2.7 ການນໍາສະເໜີ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ

ໃຫ້ລະບຸ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ ໄດ້ຖືກຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດຄືແນວໃດ?

• ເປັນສ່ວນໜື່ງຂອງລະບົບພື້ນເມືອງ (>50 ປີ)

ຄວາມຄິດເຫັນ (ປະເພດ ໂຄງການ ແລະ ອື່ນໆ):

Beekeeping using local hives is a tradtional practice among the the Hangaza and Shubi ethinic tribes of Ngara district

3.1 ຈຸດປະສົງຫຼັກ (ຫຼາຍ) ຂອງເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ

• ປົກປັກຮັກສານໍ້າ / ນໍ້າພື້ນທີ່ - ປະສົມປະສານກັບ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີອື່ນໆ
• ປົກປັກຮັກສາ / ການປັບປຸງຊີວະນາໆພັນ

3.2 ປະເພດການນໍາໃຊ້ທີ່ດິນ ໃນປະຈຸບັນ() ທີ່ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ ໄດ້ຖືກນໍາໃຊ້

ຄວາມຄິດເຫັນ:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Deforestation and fire burning during dry season
Reduction of biodiversity

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Droughts and vegetation burning during dry seasons

Problems / comments regarding forest use: the natural forest has been set aside for establishing bee apiaries therefore only forest managenet operation are conducted(slashing of grass)

3.3 ຂໍ້ມູນເພີ່ມເຕີມກ່ຽວກັບການນໍາໃຊ້ທີ່ດິນ

ຈໍານວນ ລະດູການ ປູກໃນປີໜຶ່ງ:

• 2

ລະບຸ ຊະນິດ:

Longest growing period in days: 120; Longest growing period from month to month: Sept-December; Second longest growing period in days: 90; Second longest growing period from month to month: March to May

3.4 ການນໍາໃຊ້ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ ທີ່ຢູ່ໃນກຸ່ມການຄຸ້ມຄອງ ທີ່ດິນແບບຍືນຍົງ

• ການປິດພື້ນທີ່ (ຢຸດການນໍາໃຊ້, ເພື່ອປູກເປັນປ່າຟື້ນຟູ)
• ການລ້ຽງເຜີ້ງ, ສັດນໍ້າ, ສັດປີກ, ກະຕ່າຍ, ມ້ອນໃໝ ແລະ ອື່ນໆ.

3.5 ການຂະຫຍາຍເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ

ໃຫ້ລະບຸ ການແຜ່ຂະຫຍາຍ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ:

• ແຜ່ຂະຫຍາຍຢ່າງໄວວາໃນພື້ນທີ່

ຖ້າຫາກວ່າ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ ໄດ້ແຜ່ຂະຫຍາຍທົ່ວພື້ນທີ່ືື ຢ່າງສະໜ່ຳສະເໝີ, ໃຫ້ລະບຸ ເນື້ອທີ່ ໂດຍການຄາດຄະເນ:

• < 0.1 ກິໂລແມັດ2 (10 ເຮັກຕາ)

ຄວາມຄິດເຫັນ:

The described technology covers area of enclosed 4 hectares of natural forest. Applied 365 bee hives (338 traditional, 27 box hives); the practitioners group has 10 members (7male and 3 female)

3.6 ມາດຕະການ ການຄຸ້ມຄອງ ທີ່ດິນແບບຍືນຍົງ ປະກອບດ້ວຍ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ

3.7 ປະເພດດິນເຊື່ອມໂຊມ ຫຼັກທີ່ໄດ້ນໍາໃຊ້ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ

ຄວາມຄິດເຫັນ:

Main type of degradation addressed: Bc: reduction of vegetation cover, Bh: loss of habitats, Bq: quantity / biomass decline, Bf: detrimental effects of fires, Bs: quality and species composition /diversity decline

Main causes of degradation: deforestation / removal of natural vegetation (incl. forest fires) (Deforestation through cutting of trees), over-exploitation of vegetation for domestic use (Mainly for firewood), industrial activities and mining (Firewood for burning bricks made from clay), droughts, land tenure (Lack of village land use plans for the area), governance / institutional (Weak natural resources enforcent institution at village level)

Secondary causes of degradation: overgrazing

3.8 ການປ້ອງກັນ, ການຫຼຸດຜ່ອນ, ຫຼືການຟື້ນຟູຂອງການເຊື່ອມໂຊມຂອງດິນ

ໃຫ້ລະບຸ ເປົ້າໝາຍ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ ທີ່ພົວພັນ ກັບຄວາມເຊື່ອມໂຊມຂອງດິນ:

• ປ້ອງກັນການເຊື່ອມໂຊມຂອງດິນ
• ຫຼຸດຜ່ອນການເຊື່ອມໂຊມຂອງດິນ

ຄວາມຄິດເຫັນ:

Secondary goals: mitigation / reduction of land degradation

4.1 ເຕັກນິກ ໃນການແຕ້ມແຜນວາດ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ

4.2 ການແຕ້ມແຜນວາດອະທິບາຍເຕັກນິກ

Layout of natural apriaries (beehives BH) placed on the trees (good braches with shade), access path and firebreak and live fence.

Ngara district Council

Date: 15 May 2012

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: moderate (To extend knowledge/skills on modern/sustainable beekeeping)

Technical knowledge required for land users: moderate (To add/improve skills on existing indigineous knowledge)

Main technical functions: indirectly minimize deforestation, indirectly increase of biomass

Secondary technical functions: promotion of vegetation species and varieties (quality, eg palatable fodder), control of fires, reduction of dry material (fuel for wildfires), spatial arrangement and diversification of land use

Aligned: -along boundary
Vegetative material: O : other

Change of land use practices / intensity level: Establishment of bee apiaries in forest to add on value/productivity and optimise diversification of land use

Layout change according to natural and human environment: The site should be away at least 400m from nearby settlements/public places

Major change in timing of activities: Twice per year Feb and Sept during honey harvesting season management activities are at their peak.
- Fire breaks established in June /July before dry season commence

Control / change of species composition: Various flora and fauna organisms get time to establish and grow well due to absence of burning

4.3 ຂໍ້ມູນທົ່ວໄປກ່ຽວກັບການຄິດໄລ່ປັດໃຈຂາເຂົ້າໃນການຜະລິດ ແລະ ມູນຄ່າອື່ນໆ

ລະບຸ ສະກຸນເງິນທີ່ໃຊ້ສໍາລັບ ການຄິດໄລ່ຄ່າໃຊ້ຈ່າຍ:

• ໂດລາສະຫະລັດ

4.4 ການສ້າງຕັ້ງກິດຈະກໍາ

	ກິດຈະກໍາ	ປະເພດ ມາດຕະການ	ໄລຍະເວລາ
1.	Purchase of hives and binding wires	ການຈັດການຄຸ້ມຄອງ	Before dry season
2.	Purchase of beekeeping protectives	ການຈັດການຄຸ້ມຄອງ	Routine
3.	Slashing, screefing bushes and tall grasses; planting hedge around forest boundary	ການຈັດການຄຸ້ມຄອງ	Before dry season
4.	Baiting and hanging apiaries	ການຈັດການຄຸ້ມຄອງ	Before dry season
5.	Purhase of cuttings (euphobia spp)	ການຈັດການຄຸ້ມຄອງ	wet season

ຄວາມຄິດເຫັນ:

FOREST CONSERVATION APIARIES technology REVISED PART-November 2013 Description and purpose This is a practice where farmers hang bee hives on branches of trees in the forest and keep the honey bees between six to twelve months whereby honey is already mature for harvesting. Conventional beekeeping methods have introduced other practices such as placing beehives on stands/platforms and keeping many hives in the shelter bee houses whereby honey production can be increased. The trees and forest where bee hives are hanged are normally respected and not felled indiscriminately.

Identification of suitable trees/forest Bees forage on nectar and pollen from flowers of many trees, herbs, shrubs and field plants. However there are specific plant species which are more preferred were bees visit more frequently. The forest or locality with rich biodiversity of the suitable trees/plants is conducive for establishment of a bee apiary. Prominent tree species in this zone include Parinari curatelifolia, Combretum spp, Brachtegia spp, Albizia spp, Acacia spp and cultivated crops such as banana, coffee, and annual crops which include maize, bean and sorghum The source of permanent water should be nearby preferably not more than 3kms because bees use much water in feeding, making honey and to perform cooling in the hives. Demarcation of the apiary forest It is usual for the beekeepers to demarcate the areas so as to inform and alert the community members the existence of the beehives. The demarcation signs may involve partially debarking part of the stem bark of the border trees. The use of colour paints, planting of hedge rows and other boundary marker plants are increasingly becoming popular around many forest apiaries. The common plants for live fence include Euphorbia tirucali, Agaves sisalana and Dovyalis caffra. Types of bee hives Common traditional beehives involve log hives, small poles/withies hives, straw hives, calabashes and clay pots. The use of modern box hives has increased in recent years mainly due to development projects support in modern beekeeping methods. Local hives are cheap but not durable limited to one to three years lifespan and the production is low compared with box hives which may last for ten or more years under good care. Preparations for hanging the beehives i) Bait materials Farmers utilize some materials to attract bee colonies establish in the hives. These include smoking or burning of dry honey combs and rubbing of beeswax inside the hives. Other methods involve sprinkling of either maize flour, cassava flour, raw honey or sugar. The use of many types of herbs and other less known substances(less revealed) to rub and smoke in the beehives before hanging is observed to be more effective in some communities. Some traditional beekeepers have become popular and earn money and respect through providing such services .The swarming periods which normally happen in January/Feb and Mid August/ Sept are suitable for hanging the beehives because it may not take long time to pocess the bee colonies ii) Ropes and tree climbing devices The hives has to be carried to the apiary and be hanged up on a tree branch. This may involve transporting the beehives using any transport means and carry on head load for some distance depending on accessibility and the location of the forest apiary. One or two person has to climb the tree and others remain on the ground to lift the hive. The hive is round bound with strong tree bark ropes before hanging The use of sisal ropes and binding wires have replaced the traditional methods to tie and fix the hives in modern beekeeping apiaries. A tall ladder may be helpful to assist in climbing of tall trees in case of aged individuals. The bee shelter house/huts and hive stands These are normally located in the forest apiary and constructed with local materials especially tree poles, straws and thatched on top roof with dry grass or other leafy vegetation such as banana, coconut and many others plants depending on availability. The hut walls are left open without covering the round walls with earth to facilitate cooling with the fresh air movements. The bee hives are placed on top of each other on the 1.2 m high erected tree poles stands. This practice enables to have many bee hives in one house which are easy to manage and protect provided the surrounding flora has good potential of bee forage plants. Water and sugars may be provided in special containers as extra feeds during bad weather conditions

4.5 ຕົ້ນທຶນ ແລະ ປັດໄຈຂາເຂົ້າທີ່ຈໍາເປັນໃນຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດ

	ລະບຸ ປັດໃຈ ນໍາເຂົ້າ ໃນການຜະລີດ	ຫົວໜ່ວຍ	ປະລິມານ	ຕົ້ນທຶນ ຕໍ່ຫົວໜ່ວຍ	ຕົ້ນທຶນທັງໝົດ ຂອງປັດໃຈຂາເຂົ້າ ໃນການຜະລິດ	% ຂອງຕົ້ນທຶນທັງໝົດ ທີ່ຜູ້ນໍາໃຊ້ທີ່ດິນ ໃຊ້ຈ່າຍເອງ
ແຮງງານ	Slashing, screefing bushes and tall grasses	persons/day	100.0	0.63	63.0	100.0
ແຮງງານ	Baiting and hanging apiaries	persons/day	100.0	0.63	63.0	100.0
ອຸປະກອນ	Hives and binding wires	pieces	400.0	2.25	900.0	50.0
ອຸປະກອນ	Beekeeping protectives	sets	4.0	93.75	375.0	80.0
ວັດສະດຸໃນການປູກ	Cuttings	bundles	200.0	0.3	60.0	100.0
ຕົ້ນທຶນທັງໝົດ ໃນການຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ					1461.0

ຄວາມຄິດເຫັນ:

Duration of establishment phase: 2 month(s)

4.6 ບໍາລຸງຮັກສາ / ແຜນຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດ ກິດຈະກໍາ

	ກິດຈະກໍາ	ປະເພດ ມາດຕະການ	ໄລຍະເວລາ / ຄວາມຖີ່
1.	Slashing grasss,bushes and firebreaks	ການຈັດການຄຸ້ມຄອງ	Before dry season
2.	Apiaries repair	ການຈັດການຄຸ້ມຄອງ	Regular
3.	Monitoring of bee pests and diseases	ການຈັດການຄຸ້ມຄອງ	Regular

ຄວາມຄິດເຫັນ:

Bush fire control This is done before the onset of the dry season by establishment of firebreaks around the apiary and slashing short the tall grass and other unwanted vegetation in the apiary forest. Cleaning, repairng and fixing the beehives The beehives that have become loose ,damaged or fallen due to strong winds, rains and disturbance by intruders or animals and birds requires replacement or renovations. In many cases pests such as ants, termites and rodents attack bees and make them abandon the hive. Such hives require repairs and cleaning inside before another bee colony can establish Honey harvesting. There is usually one major honey flow season starting May/June to Sept/October in most places, but another minor season may occur in February depending on the abundance of flowering in the previous season. Traditional honey harvesting equipments and tools include clay pots and other local containers, a hive knife and a smoking/burning grass appliance like torch to kill or scare away the bees. Modern beekeeping make use of special set of equipments and protective clothes that include an overall, a veil, a hat, a bee smoker, gloves, boots and hive tool. During harvesting the last two to three combs of honey are left in the hive to enable the colony continue to feed and resume manufacture honey for the following season Honey processing, packaging and marketing Raw honey is strained and filtered from the chopped honey combs through a clean linen or cotton cloth. The honey storage devices include plastic buckets, jerry cans and small (0.5 to 1 litre) plastic or glass bottles which sales between 2 to 4 US dollars at roadsides in the local market. Uses of honey The sweet and delicious fluid becomes ready for consumption or sale. There are many other uses which include brewing, medicine, in cosmetics, making candles and shoe shine pastes. Bees wax is obtained after boiling and cooling the filtered honey combs juice. Good quality raw honey should be light brown in colour, free from impurities such as any dirty, bee legs, wings and less pollen. Honey can be stored for many years due to its bactericidal and bacterial static properties. Boiled honey is of less quality, light in density, colour and loses most of its chemical and medicinal properties Philip Ngara Tanzania

4.7 ຄ່າໃຊ້ຈ່າຍ ແລະ ປັດໄຈນໍາເຂົ້າທີ່ຈໍາເປັນສໍາລັບການບໍາລຸງຮັກສາກິດຈະກໍາ / ແຜນປະຕິບັດ (ຕໍ່ປີ)

	ລະບຸ ປັດໃຈ ນໍາເຂົ້າ ໃນການຜະລີດ	ຫົວໜ່ວຍ	ປະລິມານ	ຕົ້ນທຶນ ຕໍ່ຫົວໜ່ວຍ	ຕົ້ນທຶນທັງໝົດ ຂອງປັດໃຈຂາເຂົ້າ ໃນການຜະລິດ	% ຂອງຕົ້ນທຶນທັງໝົດ ທີ່ຜູ້ນໍາໃຊ້ທີ່ດິນ ໃຊ້ຈ່າຍເອງ
ແຮງງານ	Slashing grasss, bushes and firebreaks	persons/day	60.0	1.25	75.0	100.0
ແຮງງານ	Apiaries repair	persons/day	20.0	0.8	16.0	100.0
ແຮງງານ	Monitoring of bee pests and diseases	persons/day	20.0	0.8	16.0	100.0
ຕົ້ນທຶນທັງໝົດ ທີ່ໃຊ້ໃນການບໍາລຸງຮັກສາ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ					107.0

ຄວາມຄິດເຫັນ:

Machinery/ tools: Matchets,Slashers,Hoes,,Ropes,ladder for climbing trees.Binding wires

labour per hectare year 2011
tools per piece/each year 2011

4.8 ປັດໄຈ ທີ່ສໍາຄັນ ທີ່ສົ່ງຜົນກະທົບ ຕໍ່ຄ່າໃຊ້ຈ່າຍ

ໃຫ້ອະທິບາຍ ປັດໃຈ ທີ່ສົ່ງຜົນກະທົບ ຕໍ່ຕົ້ນທຶນ ໃນການຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດ:

High prices of equpipment an (especially box hives) and labour

5.1 ອາກາດ

5.2 ພູມິປະເທດ

ຄຳເຫັນ ແລະ ຂໍ້ມູນສະເພາະ ເພີ່ມເຕີມ ກ່ຽວກັບ ພູມີປະເທດ:

Slopes on average: The technology is not affected with slope variations

Landforms: The site of the forest apiary is located on hill slopes

5.3 ດິນ

ຖ້າເປັນໄປໄດ້ ແມ່ນໃຫ້ຕິດຄັດ ການພັນລະນາດິນ ຫຼື ຂໍ້ມູນສະເພາະຂອງດິນ, ຕົວຢ່າງ, ຄຸນລັກສະນະ ປະເພດຂອງດິນ, ຄ່າຄວາມເປັນກົດ / ເປັນດ່າງຂອງດິນ, ສານອາຫານ,​ ດິນເຄັມ ແລະ ອື່ນໆ.

Soil depth on average: The depth of soil affects the vigour of grass,trees and other vegetation thus amount of biomass available for fire threat during fire season,the labour required for maintanance etc

Soil fertility is medium

Soil drainage / infiltration is medium

Soil water storage capacity is medium

5.4 ມີນໍ້າ ແລະ ຄຸນນະພາບ

ຄວາມຄິດເຫັນ ແລະ ຂໍ້ກໍານົດ ເພີ່ມເຕີມ ກ່ຽວກັບ ຄຸນນະພາບ ແລະ ປະລິມານ ຂອງນ້ຳ:

Ground water table: On hill slopes

Water quality (untreated): The site for good drinking water is located some 400m proximal to the natural spring water source used for domestic supply and the Ruvuvu river is not far approximatle 2.kms. Poor drinking water at valley bottoms and wetlands nearby (4kms) and water for agricultural use only in wetlands, is used seasonally for dry season agriculture

5.5 ຊີວະນາໆພັນ

ຄວາມຄິດເຫັນ ແລະ ລັກສະນະສະເພາະ ເພີ່ມເຕີມກ່ຽວກັບ ຊີວະນາໆພັນ:

Degraded mostly by fire,overcutting of trees for firewood

5.6 ຄຸນລັກສະນະ ຂອງຜູ້ນໍາໃຊ້ທີ່ດິນ ທີ່ໄດ້ນໍາໃຊ້ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ

ໃຫ້ລະບຸ ຄຸນລັກສະນະ ຂອງຜູ້ນໍາໃຊ້ທີ່ດິນ:

Land users applying the Technology are mainly common / average land users

Difference in the involvement of women and men: -Very few women were invoved trditionally-due to climbing of trees to hang bee hives and honey harvesting.These are activities usually performed by men
-Women perform slashing of grass, processing of honey and marketing of products

Population density: 100-200 persons/km2

Annual population growth: 2% - 3%; 3%

20% of the land users are average wealthy and own 50% of the land.
80% of the land users are poor and own 50% of the land.

Off-farm income specification: A small number of people practice off farm activities in burnt bricks making and petty trade

Market orientation of production system: Honey for market, very little for consumption

5.7 ພື້ນທີ່ສະເລ່ຍຂອງທີ່ດິນ ຫຼື ເຊົ່າໂດຍຜູ້ໃຊ້ທີ່ດິນການນໍາໃຊ້ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ

5.8 ເຈົ້າຂອງທີ່ດິນ, ສິດໃຊ້ທີ່ດິນ, ແລະ ສິດທິການນໍາໃຊ້ນໍ້າ

ເຈົ້າຂອງດິນ:

• ຊຸມຊົນ / ບ້ານ
• ກຸ່ມ

ສິດທິ ໃນການນໍາໃຊ້ທີ່ດິນ:

• ຊຸມຊົນ (ທີ່ມີການຈັດຕັ້ງ)

ຄວາມຄິດເຫັນ:

The group was allocated the forest area of approximately 4 ha by village govt to establish the forest apiary.

5.9 ການເຂົ້າເຖິງການບໍລິການ ແລະ ພື້ນຖານໂຄງລ່າງ

6.1 ການສະແດງຜົນກະທົບ ພາຍໃນພື້ນທີ່ ທີ່ໄດ້ຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ

ຜົນກະທົບທາງເສດຖະກິດສັງຄົມ

ການຜະລິດ

ລາຍໄດ້ ແລະ ຄ່າໃຊ້ຈ່າຍ

ຜົນກະທົບດ້ານວັດທະນາທໍາສັງຄົມ

ຜົນກະທົບຕໍ່ລະບົບນິເວດ

ວົງຈອນນໍ້າ / ນໍ້າ

ດິນ

ຊີວະນານາພັນ: ສັດ, ພືດ

ການຫຼຸດຜ່ອນ ຄວາມສ່ຽງ ຈາກໄພພິບັດ ແລະ ອາກາດປ່ຽນແປງ

ຜົນກະທົບຕໍ່ລະບົບນິເວດອື່ນໆ

6.3 ການປ້ອງກັນ ແລະ ຄວາມບອບບາງ ຂອງເຕັກໂນໂລຢິ ໃນການປ່ຽນແປງສະພາບດິນຟ້າອາກາດ ແລະ ກ່ຽວຂ້ອງກັບອາກາດທີ່ມີການປ່ຽນແປງທີ່ຮຸນແຮງ / ໄພພິບັດທາງທໍາມະຊາດ (ຮັບຮູ້ໄດ້ໂດຍຜູ້ນໍາໃຊ້ທີ່ດິນ)

ການປ່ຽນແປງດິນຟ້າອາກາດ ເທື່ອລະກ້າວ

ການປ່ຽນແປງດິນຟ້າອາກາດ ເທື່ອລະກ້າວ

	ລະດູການ	ຮູບແບບ ການປ່ຽນແປງດິນຟ້າອາກາດ / ທີ່ຮ້າຍແຮງ	ການນໍາໃຊ້ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ ສາມາດ ຮັບມື ໄດ້ຄືແນວໃດ?
ອຸນຫະພູມປະຈໍາປີ		ເພີ່ມຂື້ນ	ບໍ່​ດີ

ອາກາດ ທີ່ກ່ຽວພັນກັບຄວາມຮຸນແຮງ (ໄພພິບັດທາງທໍາມະຊາດ)

ໄພພິບັດທາງພູມອາກາດ

	ການນໍາໃຊ້ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ ສາມາດ ຮັບມື ໄດ້ຄືແນວໃດ?
ແຫ້ງແລ້ງ	ບໍ່​ດີ

ຄວາມຄິດເຫັນ:

By planting fire tolerant plant species around boundaries of the forest, beehives will be more secure from fire damage and the forest apiary remain with vegetative soil cover -such species includes agaves sisalana,euphobia tirucali etc

6.4 ການວິເຄາະຕົ້ນທຶນ ແລະ ຜົນປະໂຫຍດ

ຈະເຮັດປະໂຫຍດເພື່ອປຽບທຽບກັບຄ່າໃຊ້ຈ່າຍກັບສິ່ງກໍ່ສ້າງ (ຈາກທັດສະນະຂອງຜູ້ນຳໃຊ້ທີ່ດິນ) ໄດ້ແນວໃດ?

ຈະໄດ້ຮັບຜົນປະໂຫຍດເມື່ອປຽບທຽບກັບ / ຄ່າໃຊ້ຈ່າຍໃນການບຳລຸງຮັກສາທີເ່ກີດຂື້ນອິກ (ຈາກທັດສະນະຄະຕິຂອງຜູ້ນຳໃຊ້ທີ່ດິນ) ໄດ້ແນວໃດ?

ຄວາມຄິດເຫັນ:

After initial high establishment costs,maintanance costs are minimal and the box hives are durable for at least 10 years when made from durable well seasoned timber

6.5 ການປັບຕົວຮັບເອົາເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ

• ຫຼາຍກ່ວາ 50 %

ຖ້າຫາກວ່າມີ, ປະລິມານ (ຈໍານວນຂອງຄົວເຮືອນ / ເນື້ອທີ່ການຄຸ້ມຄອງ):

32 households in an area of 10 ha

ທັງໝົດນັ້ນ ແມ່ນໃຜ ທີ່ເປັນຜູ້ປັບຕົວ ໃນການນໍາໃຊ້ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ, ມີຈັກຄົນ ທີ່ສາມາດເຮັດເອງໄດ້, ຕົວຢ່າງ, ປາດສະຈາກ ການຊ່ວຍເຫຼືອ ທາງດ້ານອຸປະກອນ / ການຈ່າຍເປັນເງິນ?

• 10-50%

ຄວາມຄິດເຫັນ:

17 land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

Comments on acceptance with external material support: The box hives and beekeeping protectives were subsidies from projects/programmes under NGOs and governemnt support

50% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

15 land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

Comments on spontaneous adoption: Traditional beekeepeing with indigineous knowledge used traditional hives only.Government and some NGO s support improved by availing box hives and modern beekeeping knowledge

Comments on adoption trend: more 4 groups emerging who request for support n the area

6.7 ຈຸດແຂງ / ຂໍ້ດີ / ໂອກາດ ໃນການນໍາໃຊ້ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ

ຈຸດແຂງ / ຂໍ້ດີ / ໂອກາດໃນການນໍາໃຊ້ທີ່ດິນ
Increased income and income sources for farmers How can they be sustained / enhanced? Intergrate modern box hives, processing gears and improve markets for bee products.
Decreased bushfire incidences How can they be sustained / enhanced? Strengthern bylaws administration procedures to punish persons causing bushfires, harvest honey in late evening and during the nights.Use beesmokers during harvesting

ຈຸດແຂງ / ຈຸດດີ / ໂອກາດ ຈາກທັດສະນະຂອງຜູ້ປ້ອນຂໍ້ມູນ ຫຼື ບຸກຄົນສຳຄັນ
Enhanced forest conservation How can they be sustained / enhanced? Improve management/tending activities in the forest and administation of bylaws
Improved vegetation cover How can they be sustained / enhanced? Enrichment planting with suitable bee forage plant species
Incresed income and divesification of income sources How can they be sustained / enhanced? Intergrate modern beekeeping and improved processing of bee products.Construct beehives shelter house in the forest to accomodate more hives
Decrease bush/grassfire incidences How can they be sustained / enhanced? Screefing firebreaks using hand hoes, conduct regular firepatrols during dry season,use proper honey harvesting equipments especially beesmokers. Environmental education and campaigns
Continuous production of honey for consumption,sale and medicine How can they be sustained / enhanced? Reservation of more forests for practicing cormecial beekeeping

6.8 ຈຸດອ່ອນ / ຂໍ້ເສຍ / ຄວາມສ່ຽງ ໃນການນໍາໃຊ້ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ ແລະ ວິທີການແກ້ໄຂບັນຫາ

ຈຸດອ່ອນ / ຂໍ້ເສຍ / ຄວາມສ່ຽງໃນມຸມມອງຂອງຜູ້ນໍາໃຊ້ທີ່ດິນ	ມີວິທີການແກ້ໄຂຄືແນວໃດ?
Bee stings for people and livestock	Use of bee protective gears during honey harvesting
Regular conflicts with grazing of livestock in the forest during dry season when grass in other areas are already burned-Damaging of beehives by pastoralists	By laws administration and operational

ຈຸດອ່ອນ/ຂໍ້ບົກຜ່ອງ/ຄວາມສ່ຽງ ຈາກທັດສະນະຂອງຜູ້ປ້ອນຂໍ້ມູນ ຫຼື ບຸກຄົນສຳຄັນ	ມີວິທີການແກ້ໄຂຄືແນວໃດ?
High costs for box hives and bee protective gears	Intergrate modern box hives with durable traditional hives
Require large/extensive aeas/Competing demands especially firewood for energy domestic use/trade and grazing land areas	By laws administration,Planting trees/woodlots have participatory and operational village land use plans
Bee stings for people and livestock	establish forest apiaries away(>400m) from human settlements and public places
Danger of falling from trees during hanging of hives and harvesting	Use ropes,ladder and tree climbing devises,

7.3 ສາມາດເຊື່ອມໂຍງ ຂໍ້ມູນຂ່າວສານ ໄດ້ໂດຍຜ່ານການອອນລາຍ

ຫົວຂໍ້ / ພັນລະນາ:

Kagera TAMP Project website

URL:

http://www.fao.org/nr/kagera/en/