Inter-sectoral collaboration for sustainable land management in tea smallholdings [Шри ланка]
- Шинийг нээх:
- Шинэчлэх:
- Эмхэтгэгч: Head Soil Science
- Хянан тохиолдуулагч: –
- Хянагчид: William Critchley, Rima Mekdaschi Studer
Inter-sectoral collaboration for sustainable land management in tea smallholdings
approaches_6182 - Шри ланка
Бүлгүүдийг үзэх
Бүгдийг дэлгэх Бүгдийг хаах1. Ерөнхий мэдээлэл
1.2 Арга барилыг баримтжуулах болон үнэлгээ хийхэд оролцсон хүн эсвэл байгууллагын холбоо барих хаяг
хамтран эмхэтгэгч:
хамтран эмхэтгэгч:
Agrarian Research and Production Assistant:
Iroshini Senevirathna
+94778278582
iroshinisenavirathna@gmail.com
Department of Agrarian Development
Agrarian Research and Production Assistant Office, "Nila Sewana", Pambadeniya
Шри ланка
Газар ашиглагч:
Pushpa Ranjani
+94767817221
“Sithamu Ranliya” farmer's organization
Pambadeniya, Panvilathanna
Шри ланка
Арга барилыг баримтжуулах/үнэлэх ажилд дэмжлэг үзүүлсэн төслийн нэр (шаардлагатай бол)
Rehabilitation of Degraded Agricultural Lands in Kandy, Badulla and Nuwara Eliya Districts in the Central Highlands of Sri LankaАрга барилыг баримтжуулах/үнэлэх ажилд дэмжлэг үзүүлсэн байгууллага(ууд)-ын нэр (шаардлагатай бол)
Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka (AGRI.PDN) - Шри ланка1.3 WOCAT-аар баримтжуулсан өгөгдлийг ашиглахтай холбоотой нөхцөл
Мэдээллийг хэзээ (газар дээр нь) цуглуулсан бэ?
25/02/2022
Эмхэтгэгч болон гол мэдээлэгч хүн(хүмүүс) WOCAT аргачлалаар баримтжуулсан мэдээллийг ашиглахтай холбоотой нөхцлийг хүлээн зөвшөөрсөн:
Тийм
2. ГТМ Арга барилын тодорхойлолт
2.1 Арга барилын товч тодорхойлолт
Participatory land restoration with the collective efforts of different stakeholders can assure sustainable use of land-resources. This approach promoted sustainable land management technologies such as agroforestry, soil conservation, and soil fertility enhancement practices through inter-sectoral collaboration, including the use of digital tools and Farmer Field Schools (FFS) to provide training and resources, disseminate knowledge, improve market-orientation of farmers, and monitor and evaluate the progress of activities for rehabilitating and increasing the productivity of degraded tea smallholdings in the Central Highlands of Sri Lanka.
2.2 Арга барилын дэлгэрэнгүй тодорхойлолт
Арга барилын дэлгэрэнгүй тодорхойлолт:
Due to unsustainable land management practices the monthly average green-leaf yield of tea smallholdings in Maligamale watershed in the Central Highlands of Sri Lanka is as low as 1000 kg/hectare, whereas the potential is 2400 kg/hectare. Soil erosion, soil fertility decline, low plant density, and poor shade management are among the main reasons for low productivity. This causes reduced household incomes and farmers’ ability to invest in sustainable land management (SLM) practices. Inefficiencies in top-down extension methodology, lack of awareness and training on tea cultivation techniques, poor business practices, lack of access to services and poor perceptions about SLM have reduced profit margins of tea smallholdings. Hence, the aim/ objectives of the approach are to increase the land productivity in tea smallholdings and increase farmer’s incomes and gain environmental benefits through proper implementation of SLM practices. To address this, the Rehabilitation of Degraded Agricultural Land Project (RDALP) introduced a participatory approach together with Tea Smallholdings Development Authority (TSHDA), Department of Agrarian Development and other relevant government institutions, the private sector and farming community. The approach considered methods for strengthening linkages between stakeholder groups, providing training and resources for SLM practices, enhancing market orientation, using ICT for knowledge sharing, monitoring and evaluation, improving perceptions of farming community on agriculture and enhancing food-security of the households.
Firstly, tea smallholders who volunteered to learn about SLM were linked with the experts to collectively develop a participatory land restoration proposal. Site specific limitations for productivity improvement, recommendations, roles of different stakeholders, and training and material needs were identified in the proposal. The existing institutional setup was used for coordination of activities. The experts from government institutes provided training on SLM through farmer field schools, field demonstrations and ICT tools. More specifically, farmers were educated on soil conservation and soil fertility management practices: these included producing organic fertilizers using locally available resources, building live fences with green-manure crops and edible crops, intercropping using export agriculture crops, in-filling, selective weeding, developing and maintaining nurseries, using machinery for cutting pits and harvesting, using safety measures during field operations, and shade tree management. In addition, farmers have been encouraged to share good-practices, keep records and practice soil test-based decision making for nutrient management. Farmers and officers effectively used WhatsApp®, Zoom® and Facebook® for knowledge sharing and for monitoring and evaluating progress. Dissemination of knowledge using ICT and performance-based rewarding helped to recruit more farmers as followers. The TSHDA supported with extension service and regular monitoring of progress. With the support of government institutes, farmers were linked with private sector companies to promote market orientation. Export agriculture crops such as peppers, vanilla, areca nut and cloves were successfully incorporated into tea smallholding landscape, allowing farmers to earn an extra income. The partners from the private sector provided planting materials and extension services to transfer necessary knowledge and skills to the farmers. Machinery was provided to farmer organizations for the members to share.
Improving profitability of farming, improving hygiene and safety of farmers, and reducing time spent on agronomic practices have uplifted the living-status of famers and increased their willingness to invest in SLM. These characters could attract youth to the sector.
2.3 Арга барилын зурагууд
Медиа галерей
2.4 Арга барилын бичлэгүүд
Тайлбар, товч тодорхойлолт:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SU3--fHKY1k
Application of ICT for knowledge dissemination and agricultural extension service
Огноо:
20/07/2021
Байршил:
Pambadeniya, Panvilathanna
2.5 Арга барил нэвтрүүлсэн улс орон / бүс нутаг / байршил
Улс:
Шри ланка
Улс/аймаг/сум:
Kandy District- Central Province
Байршлын дэлгэрэнгүй тодорхойлолт:
Pambadeniya village
Тайлбар:
The region is in the Maligamale watershed in the Central Highlands of Sri Lanka.
Map
×2.6 Арга барилыг эхлэх, дуусах огноо
Эхлэх жилийг тэмдэглэ:
2017
Тайлбар:
Approach is still carrying out by land user
2.7 Арга барилын төрөл
- төсөл / хөтөлбөр дээр үндэслэсэн
2.8 Арга барилын үндсэн зорилго, зорилтууд
The aims/ objectives of the approach are to increase the land productivity in tea smallholdings and increase farmers' income and environmental benefits through proper implementation of SLM practices.
2.9 Арга барилын хүрээнд хэрэгжсэн Технологи/Технологиудад дэмжсэн эсвэл саад учруулсан нөхцлүүд
нийгэм / соёл / шашны хэм хэмжээ, үнэт зүйлс
- Идэвхижүүлэх
Increased livelihood requirements and access to education, market and health services
- Хазаарлалт
Migration of youth and males to cities
санхүүгийн нөөц, үйлчилгээний хүртээмж / боломж
- Идэвхижүүлэх
Providing funds/ subsidies has increased the access to financial resources (subsidy schemes of TSHDA, Loan facilities of tea factories)
- Хазаарлалт
Access of farmers to resources is limited by their financial situation as well as geographic location.
Бүтэц зохион байгуулалт
- Идэвхижүүлэх
An institutional set-up for facilitating the approach already exists and all technical support is providing by institutes
- Хазаарлалт
Mandate of some institutions are not clearly defined. Decision making is very often a top-down approach
талуудыг хамтын ажиллагаа/зохицуулалт
- Идэвхижүүлэх
Institutes have some level of collaboration
- Хазаарлалт
There is lack of motivation to initiate collaboration and the level of collaboration depends on the commitments of the officers. Institutional mechanisms do not encourage the collaborations
Хууль, эрхзүйн хүрээ (газар эзэмшил, газар, ус ашиглах эрх)
- Идэвхижүүлэх
Some land users own their land
- Хазаарлалт
Some lands used by farmers are owned by the state and there are issues on land rights. Water availability is problematic to farmers as the crop is maintained as a rainfed crop. In the region, drinking water is supplied in ten days interval during dry-months
Бодлогууд
- Идэвхижүүлэх
National soil conservation act
- Хазаарлалт
Implementation of policies to action is very low
Газрын засаглал (шийдвэр гаргах, хэрэгжүүлэх, шаардлага)
- Идэвхижүүлэх
Farmers participated in the decision-making process related to land management. Land is maintained based on the advice given under the approach. Most of the technologies introduced were not gender biased and therefore, involvement of women in management practices increased
- Хазаарлалт
Dependence on males is high for agronomic practices in tea-cultivation
ГТМ-ийн талаарх мэдлэг, техникийн дэмжлэг авах боломж
- Идэвхижүүлэх
Farmers were guided through farmer training programs, practical sessions, farmer field schools, Zoom® meetings, sharing knowledge through WhatsApp® groups and Facebook.
- Хазаарлалт
Shortage of tea extension officers
зах зээл (материал худалдан авах, бүтээгдэхүүн борлуулах), үнэ
- Идэвхижүүлэх
Private companies come to fields to purchase products and they provide extension support and material inputs to some extent to the farmers who have established links with them
- Хазаарлалт
Market orientation of farmers is low and their ability to negotiate prices is poor due to various factors
ажлын багтаамж, хүн хүчний нөөц бололцоо
- Идэвхижүүлэх
Labour resources are available. Introduction of machinery created shared responsibilities and reduced labour demand while creating an income source for the farmer organizations. Decent working environment with safety kits and machineries will encourage the labour force to remain in the sector
- Хазаарлалт
Labour force continuously moving away from the industry
3. Оролцогч талуудын оролцоо ба үүргүүд
3.1 Арга барилд оролцогч талууд болон тэдгээрийн үүргүүд
- Орон нутгийн газар ашиглагч / орон нутгийн иргэд
Men and women farmers are involved in tea cultivation
They involved in practicing SLM technologies as the technologies were not gender biased. But the operation of mechanical weeder and auger for infilling are mainly done by male farmers.
- олон нийтэд түшиглэсэн байгууллагууд
Farmer organizations
Support coordination of activities with farmers
Support Farmer Field Schools
Maintain common equipment and rent for members and non-members to support SLM practices
- ГТМ-ийн мэргэжилтэн/ хөдөө аж ахуйн зөвлөх
Tea Smallholding Development Authority, Department of Agrarian Development, Department of Export Agriculture, Department of Agriculture
Provide tea plants for infilling, promote inter-cropping and provide technical guidance to farmers
Serve as resource-persons in Farmer Field Schools and in WhatsApp® groups
- Судлаачид
University of Uva Wellassa, Sri Lanka
Study the effectiveness of knowledge dissemination approach and effectiveness of some SLM technologies
- Хувийн хэвшил
Several private sector companies are involved (Bio Food (Pvt) Ltd, Adamjee Lukmanjee (Pvt) Ltd)
Buying products, providing planting materials and continuing extension services to transfer necessary knowledge and skills to the farmers who are linked with them
- Орон нутгийн захиргаа
Local government institutes are involved in the process (Tea Smallholdings Development Authority (TSHDA), Department of Agrarian Development, Department of Agriculture, Department of Export Agriculture, Divisional Secretariat office- Doluwa
Capacity building, advisory services on fertilizer usage, land management, crop selection etc.
- Засгийн газар (шийдвэр гаргагч, төлөвлөгч)
Ministry of Environment
Helps to raise awareness among private and government sector stakeholders and within communities about SLM approaches and technologies,
Project coordination and partial financial support
- Олон улсын байгууллага
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Project coordination, partial financial support and capacity building
Хэрэв хэд хэдэн оролцогч талууд оролцсон бол голлох төлөөлөгчийг зааж өгнө үү:
Tea Smallholdings Development Authority (TSHDA)
3.2 Арга барилын янз бүрийн үе шатанд орон нутгийн газар ашиглагчид / бүлэглэлүүдийг татан оролцуулах
| Орон нутгийн газар ашиглагч / орон нутгийн иргэдийн оролцоо | Хэн оролцсоныг тодорхойлж, үйл ажиллагааг тайлбарлана уу | |
|---|---|---|
| санаачлага/идэвхжүүлэлт | интерактив | Government agencies, representatives from farmer organizations, RDALP team. Discussions to develop participatory land use plans for a region and identify the sectors to be developed |
| Төлөвлөгөө | интерактив | Government agencies, representatives from farmer organizations, RDALP team Discussions, site visits and field programs to identify factors limiting land productivity and implementation of SLM practices Identify strategies to address these limitations Identify how the private sector can contribute and invite them to invest |
| Хэрэгжилт | интерактив | Government agencies, leaders of farmer organizations, farmers, RDALP team, private sector companies Training and dissemination of knowledge through demonstrations, farmer training programs, farmer field schools Progress monitoring and evaluation Provide advisory services to farmers as needed Conduct performance-based rewarding to motivate the practitioners and to recruit followers |
| Мониторинг/ үнэлгээ | интерактив | TSHDA, RDALP team, farmers, private sector companies make observations in fields, guiding land users, exchange photos through whatsapp® Some private sector companies also involve in monitoring and field evaluating process (Adamjee Lukmanjee (Pvt) Ltd) |
3.3 Диаграм (хэрэв боломжтой бол)
Тодорхойлолт:
Before implementing the approach the level of productivity of tea lands that belong to the farmers who participated in the project were in class ‘C’ and below. In this scale of productivity lands were classified from A to D where A is the best and D is the worst. After implementation of the approach most of the fields upgraded to ‘A’ and ‘B’ performance levels. An interview conducted with a farmer revealed that the average green-leaf tea yield before and after participating in the approach were 1000 kg/ha/month and 2400 kg/ha/month, respectively.
Зохиогч:
Warshi S. Dandeniya
3.4 ГТМ-ийн технологи/технологиуд сонгох шийдвэр
Хэрэгжүүлэх Технологи/Технологиудын сонголтыг хийж шийдвэр гаргасан хүнийг тодорхойлно уу:
- оролцооны зарчмын хэсэг болох бүх холбогдох талууд
Шийдвэрийг юунд үндэслэн гаргасан:
- ГТМ-ийн мэдлэгийг баримтжуулалтын үнэлгээ (нотолгоонд суурилсан шийдвэр гаргах)
- Судалгааны үр дүн, ололтууд
- Хувь хүний туршлага ба санал бодол (баримтжуулаагүй)
4. Техникийн дэмжлэг, чадавхи бүрдүүлэх, мэдлэгийн менежмент
4.1 Чадавхи бэхжүүлэх/сургалт
Газар эзэмшигчид / бусад оролцогч талуудад сургалт явуулсан уу?
Тийм
Хэн сургалтанд хамрагдсан бэ:
- Газар ашиглагчид
- хээрийн ажилтан / зөвлөх
Хэрэв шаардлагатай бол хүйс, нас, яс үндэс, гэх мэт. нэмнэ үү:
Training was provided for both men and women; age between 20-70 years old
Сургалтын хэлбэр:
- фермерээс -фермер
- үзүүлэнгийн талбай
- Олон нийтийн уулзалт
- курс дамжаа
Сургалтын хэлбэр:
- Zoom discussions, Farm Field Schools
Хамрагдсан сэвдүүд:
Soil conservation practices, intercropping in tea lands, organic fertilizer preparation (compost tea, vermi- compost), burying of pruned plant parts, infilling, documentation, improving tea buds quality and quantity, handling of machines for cutting pits and tea plucking
Тайлбар:
Farmer trainings are much important to spread easy agronomic practices and scientific knowledge to farmers
4.2 Зөвлөх үйлчилгээ
Газар ашиглагчдад зөвлөх үйлчилгээ авах боломжтой байдаг уу?
Тийм
Зөвлөх үйлчилгээ үзүүлсэн эсэхийг тогтоо:
- Газар ашиглагчийн талбай дээр
Тодорхойлолт / тайлбар:
Demonstration, advisory service was carried out through: government extension system, agricultural instructors and some private sector companies such as Adamjee Lukmanjee (Pvt) Ltd company which is giving support to enhance vanilla cultivation as an intercrop
4.3 Институцийг бэхжүүлэх (байгууллагын хөгжил)
Арга барилаар дамжуулан институц байгуулагдаж эсвэл бэхжсэн үү?
- Тийм, дунд зэрэг
Байгууллагууд бэхжиж, үүсэн бий болсон түвшин(үүд)-г тодорхойлно уу:
- Орон нутгийн
Дэмжлэгийн төрлийг ялга:
- чадавхи бэхжүүлэх / сургалт
- Тоног төхөөрөмж
- providing safety kits and tea plants for infilling
Дэлгэрэнгүй мэдээллийг өгнө үү:
Organizing and conducting training programs, providing machineries for tea plucking and cutting pits, distribute safety kits among land users
4.4 Мониторинг ба үнэлгээ
Мониторинг болон үнэлгээ нь арга барилын хэсэг үү?
Тийм
Хэрэв тийм бол энэ баримт бичиг нь мониторинг, үнэлгээнд ашиглагдахаар зориулагдсан уу?
Үгүй
4.5 Судалгаа
Судалгаа арга барилын хэсэг нь байсан уу?
Тийм
Сэдвийг тодруулна уу:
- Технологи
5. Санхүүгийн болон гадаад материаллаг дэмжлэг
5.1 ГТМ-ийн Арга барилын бүрэлдэхүүн хэсгийн жилийн төсөв
Хэрэв жилийн төсөв тодорхойгүй бол хягаарыг тодруулна уу:
- 100,000-1,000,000
5.2 Газар ашиглагчдад санхүүгийн / материаллаг дэмжлэг үзүүлсэн
Технологи / технологийг хэрэгжүүлэхэд газар ашиглагчид санхүүгийн / материаллаг дэмжлэг авсан уу?
Тийм
Хэрэв тийм бол дэмжлэгийн төрөл(үүд), нөхцөл, болон нийлүүлэгч(чид) бичнэ үү:
Provide machinery for cutting pits and plucking, safety kits and tea plants for infilling as material support, provide financial support for soil testing, to add liming material for correcting soil pH for those who performed soil testing
The material and financial support was provided by RDALP team with contributions from TSHDA and private sector based on performance evaluation
5.3 Тодорхой зардлыг даахад чиглэсэн дэмжлэгт (хөдөлмөрийн хүчийг оролцуулаад)
- Тоног төхөөрөмж
| Ямар хөрөнгө оруулалт татаасаар олгогдсоныг заана уу | Ямар талбайн хэмжээнд | Тэтгэмж, урамшууллыг тодорхойлно уу |
|---|---|---|
| машин төхөөрөмж | Бүрэн санхүүждэг | Tea plucking machines, grass cutting machines and machine for cutting pits in tea lands |
| Багажууд | Бүрэн санхүүждэг | Tea buds collecting buckets |
- Хөдөө аж ахуй
| Ямар хөрөнгө оруулалт татаасаар олгогдсоныг заана уу | Ямар талбайн хэмжээнд | Тэтгэмж, урамшууллыг тодорхойлно уу |
|---|---|---|
| Planting materials, liming materials | Бүрэн санхүүждэг | Tea plants for infilling, liming materials to correct soil pH, soil testing service |
- бусад
| Бусад (тодорхойлно уу) | Ямар талбайн хэмжээнд | Тэтгэмж, урамшууллыг тодорхойлно уу |
|---|---|---|
| Safety kits | Бүрэн санхүүждэг |
Хэрэв газар ашиглагчийн хөдөлмөрийн хүч чухал байсан бол энэ нь аль хэлбэр байсан:
- сайн дурын
Тайлбар:
Most of the time family members are engaged with field activities and hire labour for tea plucking
5.4 Кредит
Арга барилын хүрээнд ГТМ-ийн үйл ажиллагаанд зориулж зээлд хамрагдсан уу?
Үгүй
5.5 Бусад урамшуулал, хэрэгсэл
ГТМ-ийн технологийг хэрэгжилтийг дэмжихэд ашигласан бусад урамшуулал, хэрэгсэл байсан уу?
Тийм
6. Нөлөөллийн дүн шинжилгээ ба дүгнэлт
6.1 Арга барилын нөлөөллүүд
Арга барил нь орон нутгийн газар ашиглагчдыг чадваржуулах, оролцогч талуудын оролцоог сайжруулсан уу?
- Үгүй
- Тийм, бага зэрэг
- Тийм, зарим
- Тийм, их
Application of organic fertilizers such as compost tea, vermi-compost enhance the market value and some farmers ventured into organic tea production
Арга барил нь нотолгоонд суурилсан шийдвэр гаргах боломж олгосон уу?
- Үгүй
- Тийм, бага зэрэг
- Тийм, зарим
- Тийм, их
Participatory approach in all stages of the project and farmer field schools encouraged the farmers and officers for evidence-based decision making. This also helped to recruit followers for the approach.
Арга барил нь ГТМ-ийн технологийг хэрэгжүүлж, хадгалахад газар ашиглагчдад тусласан уу?
- Үгүй
- Тийм, бага зэрэг
- Тийм, зарим
- Тийм, их
Approach helps to maintain better environment within the community as it introduced practices that improved safety and hygiene of the farmers while being more efficient. Farmers have been maintaining the SLM technologies
Арга барил нь ГТМ-ийн зардал хэмнэсэн хэрэгжилт, зохицуулалтыг сайжруулсан уу?
- Үгүй
- Тийм, бага зэрэг
- Тийм, зарим
- Тийм, их
Approach used existing institutional set-up and farmer organizations to coordinate the activities. Therefore, it was cost effective and helped to strengthen the collaborations between stakeholders
Арга барил нь ГТМ-ийн хэрэгжилтийн санхүүгийн эх үүсвэрийн хүртээмжийг сайжруулах / эргэлтэнд оруулахад чиглэсэн үү?
- Үгүй
- Тийм, бага зэрэг
- Тийм, зарим
- Тийм, их
Introducing private sector collaborations and improving market orientation of farmers helped to attract financial support to maintain sustainability of the approach
Арга барил нь ГТМ хэрэгжүүлэхэд газар ашиглагчдын мэдлэг, чадварыг сайжруулахад хүргэсэн үү?
- Үгүй
- Тийм, бага зэрэг
- Тийм, зарим
- Тийм, их
Approach improved the knowledge and capacity of practitioners. Although only about 25 farmers attended farmer field school the number of farmers who joined WhatsApp group is high as 70. Farmers are sharing knowledge and experiences and were able to improve land productivity through the approach
Энэ арга барил бусад сонирхогч талуудын мэдлэг, чадавхийг сайжруулсан уу?
- Үгүй
- Тийм, бага зэрэг
- Тийм, зарим
- Тийм, их
The knowledge and capacities of other stakeholders were improved similarly. Several officers were trained on SLM practices and technologies, use of ICT for extension, etc
Арга барил нь оролцогч талуудын хооронд институци, хамтын ажиллагааг бий болгож, бэхжүүлсэн үү?
- Үгүй
- Тийм, бага зэрэг
- Тийм, зарим
- Тийм, их
Approach helps to strengthen the collaboration between institutes and stakeholders
Энэ арга барил зөрчилдөөнийг багасгасан уу?
- Үгүй
- Тийм, бага зэрэг
- Тийм, зарим
- Тийм, их
Improving communication through the project supported the stakeholders to build healthy relationships.
Арга барил нь эмзэг бүлгийнхнийг нийгэм, эдийн засгийн хувьд чадавхижуулсан уу?
- Үгүй
- Тийм, бага зэрэг
- Тийм, зарим
- Тийм, их
Approach helps to earn income in different ways. It is not limited for tea. They can earn money by selling the harvest from intercropping such as vanilla, pepper cultivation, managing nurseries, etc.
Арга барил нь жендэрийн тэгш байдлыг сайжруулж, эмэгтэйчүүд, охидыг чадавхжуулсан уу?
- Үгүй
- Тийм, бага зэрэг
- Тийм, зарим
- Тийм, их
Women engagement is high as the new agronomic measures help to reduce time spent on field practices
Арга барил нь газар ашиглагч залуучууд / дараагийн үеийн хүмүүсийг ГТМ-д оролцохыг хөхүүлэн дэмжсэн үү?
- Үгүй
- Тийм, бага зэрэг
- Тийм, зарим
- Тийм, их
Usage of ICT knowledge, improving hygiene and safety of farmers, increased their willingness to invest on SLM and these characters could attract youth to the sector
Арга барил нь чанаржуулсан шим тэжээл/ хүнсний аюулгүй байдалд хүргэсэн үү?
- Үгүй
- Тийм, бага зэрэг
- Тийм, зарим
- Тийм, их
Increased family improved food security of the practitioners. In addition, the approach promoted intercropping tea with export agricultural crops/ fruit crops and the use of edible crops in fencing. These also increased food supply. Since the mechanization and safety kits helped to reduce time spent on field work the farmers, especially women, were able to invest more time in their home garden and increase the provision of nutritious food to the household
Арга барил нь зах зээлийн хүртээмжийг сайжруулсан уу?
- Үгүй
- Тийм, бага зэрэг
- Тийм, зарим
- Тийм, их
Linkages developed through government entities increased market access. Further some farmers ventured into organic tea production using SLM practices and training provided through the approach. This helped them to reach a niche market
Арга барил нь газар ашиглагчид уур амьсгалын өөрчлөлтөд дасан зохицох чадварыг дээшлүүлж, уур амьсгалын өөрчлөлттэй холбоотой гамшгийг бууруулах чадавхийг сайжруулсан уу?
- Үгүй
- Тийм, бага зэрэг
- Тийм, зарим
- Тийм, их
Improving soil fertility status has improved the resilience of tea stand for drought. Therefore, the effect of climate change on the income was only slightly affected. Further the SLM techniques they practiced helped them to rely less on inorganic fertilizers and therefore, the farmers were less affected by the fertilizer shortage in the market that happened due to changes in government policies. Using ICT tools for communication helped the farmers to share knowledge and coordinate activities even under COVID19 pandemic situation. They have got used to distant learning methods with this and now able to seek support from experts without having to travel
Арга барил нь хөдөлмөр эрхлэлт, орлогын боломжид хүргэсэн үү?
- Үгүй
- Тийм, бага зэрэг
- Тийм, зарим
- Тийм, их
Farmer organizations were given some machinery for weeding and land preparation like activities. The members from the farmer organizations, who were trained to use the machinery, provided their service to the farmers for a payment from which a fraction is given to the farmer organization for maintaining the equipment. In addition, some farmers started nursery management as a business
6.2 ГТМ-ийг хэрэгжүүлэх газар ашиглагчидын гол санаачилга
- үйлдвэрлэл нэмэгдсэн
Infilling and improving soil fertility increased canopy cover leading to increased productivity
- Ашиг нэмэгдсэн (боломж), зардал-үр ашгийн харьцаа сайжирсан
Product variability inside field supported diversity of income sources. Farmers who practiced organic farming methods were able to reach a niche market and get ore income
- Газрын доройтол буурсан
Due to well organized farmer training sessions or demonstrations in their fields SLM practices became more popular and farmers invested to maintain the practices they initiated
- Гамшигийн эрсдэл буурсан
Fields established well with SLM technologies were more resilient to drought and fertilizer shortage in the market
- нэр хүнд, нийгмийн дарамт / нийгмийн холбоо
Improvement in health and hygiene of workers improved their image. Operating WhatsApp® groups also improved social cohesion
- ГТМ-ийн мэдлэг, туршлага дээшилсэн
Due to regular observations of agricultural officers
- гоо зүйн сайжруулалт
With live fences and good canopy cover of the tea stand the field looks healthy and farmers claimed they were motivated to continue the good practices because of these
6.3 Арга барилын үйл ажиллагааны тогтвортой байдал
Газар ашиглагчид арга барилаар дамжуулан хэрэгжүүлсэн арга хэмжээг тогтвортой хадгалж чадах уу (гадны дэмжлэггүйгээр)?
- Тийм
Хэрэв тийм бол яаж гэдгийг тайлбарлана уу:
Approach has converted the most of non- productive lands to productive levels with the support of external bodies. Lands needs low external inputs as farmers produce required fertilizers by themselves in their own land by using natural organic materials. The crop diversification helps to reduce risk of crop losses and increase various income pathways to farmer. As well as approach helps access to markets. And there is a trend of farmers who succeed with approach to share their knowledge and experience with others. The ICT knowledge provided by the approach is much useful in that aspect. So, land users can sustain what has been implemented through the approach.
6.4 Арга барилын тогтвортой/давуу тал/боломжууд
| Газар ашиглагчдын тодорхойлсон давуу тал/боломжууд |
|---|
| Increased the production and product variability due to practicing intercropping |
| Reducing land degradation |
| Increased market opportunities |
| Improve the knowledge due to training programs and regular visits of agricultural officers |
| Эмхэтгэгч, бусад мэдээлэл өгсөн хүмүүсийн өнцгөөс тодорхойлсон давуу тал/боломжууд |
|---|
|
Encouraging the participation of women in the field-based activities as a result of hygienic and time saving practices ex; mechanization, introduction of safety kits |
| Increase in soil fertility and reduction of soil erosion (due to application of organic manure, vermi-compost and improve the ground cover due to minimum tillage) |
| Using ICT in knowledge dissemination. This increased social cohesion, resilience and fast dissemination of knowledge. |
| Facilitating inter-sectoral collaboration taking a participatory approach throughout the process |
6.5 Арга барилын дутагдалтай/сул тал/аюул болон тэдгээрийн хэрхэн даван туулах арга замууд
| Газар ашиглагч нарын тодорхойлсон сул тал/ дутагдал/ эрсдэл | Тэдгээрийг хэрхэн даван туулах вэ? |
|---|---|
| Water scarcity | Better to introduce rain water harvesting system and improved irrigation methods like drip-irrigation to increase water use efficiency |
| Males are need to use some heavy machinery | Males are migrating to cities looking for jobs and therefore, the field activities are affected. Need to enhance income further to retain them |
| Эмхэтгэгч, бусад мэдээлэл өгсөн хүмүүсийн өнцгөөс тодорхойлсон сул тал/ дутагдал/ эрсдэл | Тэдгээрийг хэрхэн даван туулах вэ? |
|---|---|
| A systematic impact assessment with key performance indicators should be developed with the involvement of farmers at the initial stage. This was missing in the approach and it was done only towards the latter part of the project | Farmers have not maintained records prior to inception of the project. It is important to develop key performance indicators at the very beginning to evaluate how the system performance change so that even farmers can witness the changes through time. Otherwise, they cannot recall the situation before implementing the approach |
7. Суурь мэдээлэл болон холбоосууд
7.1 Мэдээллийн эх үүсвэр/аргууд
- Хээрийн уулзалт, судалгаа
- Газар ашиглагчтай хийсэн ярилцлага
- ГТМ-ийн мэргэжилтэн/шинжээчтэй хийсэн ярилцлага
- тайлан болон бусад эх сурвалжийн бүрдэл
7.2 Холбогдох бүтээлийн ишлэл
Гарчиг, зохиогч, он, ISBN:
Improving livelihoods of women tea smallholders through sustainable land management practices, 2021
Хаанаас авч болох вэ? Зардал?
Daily Financial Times newspaper
7.3 Холбогдох мэдээллийн интернет дэх нээлттэй холбоосууд
Гарчиг/ тодорхойлолт:
Improving livelihoods of women tea smallholders through sustainable land management practices, 2021
URL:
https://srilanka.un.org/en/127297-improving-livelihoods-women-tea-smallholders-through-sustainable-land-management-practices
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