1.2 Технологийг үнэлэх, баримтжуулах ажилд хамаарах мэдээлэл өгсөн хүмүүс, байгууллагуудын холбоо барих мэдээлэл

Технологи баримтжуулах/үнэлэх ажилд дэмжлэг үзүүлсэн байгууллага(ууд)-ын нэр (шаардлагатай бол)

Land Development Department (Land Development Department) - Тайланд

1.3 ВОКАТ-аар баримтжуулсан өгөгдлийг ашиглахтай холбоотой нөхцөл

Эмхэтгэгч болон гол мэдээлэгч хүн(хүмүүс) WOCAT аргачлалаар баримтжуулсан мэдээллийг ашиглахтай холбоотой нөхцлийг хүлээн зөвшөөрсөн:

Тийм

1.4 Технологи тогтвортой гэдгийг баталгаажуулах

Энэ технологийг газрын доройтлыг бууруулж, газрын тогтвортой менежментийг хангахад тохиромжтой гэж үзэж болох уу?

Үгүй

Тайлбар:

This continuous bench terrace with 3 meters base in slopping highland constructed at Plot 2000 for Chinese tea plantation. Such conservation measure can decrease soil erosion and runoff, and this slopping area can use for agriculture and increase land users products and income.

2.1 Технологийн товч тодорхойлолт

Технологийн тодорхойлолт:

Utilization of continuous bench terrace (3 meters based) as sustainable soil and water conservation measure for tea plantation in slopping area of the northern Thailand

2.2 Технологийн дэлгэрэнгүй тодорхойлолт

Тодорхойлолт:

The continuous bench terrace (forward-sloping terrace) as soil and water conservation measure in the high landscape at Angkhang Royal Agricultural Station, Moo 5, Mae Ngon subdistrict, Fang district, Chiang Mai province was constructed in 1999 in the area of former winter fruit plantation plot of the station. Land Development Department had surveyed, designed and constructed the 3 meters wide of continuous bench terrace, which it is suitable for the tea cultivation and total area is approximately 100 rai. The Angkhang Royal Agricultural Station had selected 50 households of Palaung hill tribe who have more ability and aptitude to grow Chinese tea to participate in the Chinese tea development and promotion project in 2000 and named this area as "Plot 2000". The overview of this area is complex mountainous terrain with slope range 16-30 percent, and average attitude is 1,400 meters above sea level. The soil texture is silty loam and very deep (more tan 1.2 meter), almost well drained soil. The soil organic matter is moderate around 1-3 percent. Moreover, the data of Doi Ang Khang Meteorological Station (Station Code 48302) is located at average attitude 1,529 meters above the sea level, and average temperature throughout the year is 22.9 Celsius with the highest temperature is 32.1 Celsius (during May) and the lowest temperature is 3.9 Celsius (during December), and average annual rainfall is 1,925.3 mm, with rain starting from April to October.
In the past, the watershed areas in northern Thailand have been disturbed by natural disasters, climate change, and human threats. The hill tribe people had invaded the forest to grow opium and shifting cultivation continuously. These condition caused the serious problem in soil erosion, runoff with soil surface, lose of topsoil and plant nutrients, decreasing in soil fertility and productivity with the extremely damage to upstream forest ecosystem. Until in the year 1969, Angkhang Royal Agricultural Station was established from the initiative of His Majesty King Rama 9, which aimed to conduct research on the planting of winter economic crops as an example for hill tribe to plant those crops as their career instead of opium cultivation, and also stop cutting and shifting cultivation. Nowadays there are more than 50 species of economic plants in this project and generating more income for land users, more than that this slopping area is the sustainable in land use and land management under organization of the Royal Project Foundation.
The benefits this technology is important in sustainable utilization of land resources in this area, and all land users around the Angkhang Royal Agricultural Station have stable and more income because they can grow Chinese tea and also other winter economic crops on this highland throughout the year. Moreover, this continuous bench terrace is more convenient for land users in fertilizer application, soil improvement, machines operation, tea harvesting and also yield transportation from cultivated plots to local processing factory.
The impact of implementation continuous bench terrace with 3 meters based:
1. The obvious economic and social impacts of land users are the stability of income from the production of Chinese tea, which are produced throughout the year. This conservation is more convenient for land users to implement in their plot and also transport from cultivated plots to local processing factory. The local officers from Angkhang Royal Agricultural Station and others government agencies closely advised and guided breeding, planting, soil management, harvesting and price guarantee.
2. The environmental and ecological impact is to reduce the amount of runoff and soil sediment, increase soil moisture, preserve soil nutrients and fertility, encourage biodiversity in the area of Plot 2000.
3. The society and culture impact is all ethnic groups are given the opportunity to receive the allocation of arable land according to the group of plants that they are comfortable and want to produce. Thus respecting the use of land in zoning as allocated from the station, including right to use water. These caused the strength of community institutions, where they have various crop production groups, organic fertilizer production Group and others. They are all member of the cooperative of the community.

2.3 Технологийн гэрэл зураг

2.4 Технологийн дүрс бичлэг

2.5 Энэ үнэлгээнд хамрагдсан технологийг хэрэгжүүлсэн улс орон/ бүс нутаг/ байршил

2.6 Хэрэгжсэн хугацаа

Хэрэгжүүлсэн он:

1999

Байгуулсан тодорхой оныг мэдэхгүй бол баримжаа хугацааг тодорхойл:

• 10-50 жилийн өмнө

2.7 Технологийн танилцуулга

Технологийг хэрхэн нэвтрүүлснийг тодорхойл:

• Гадны төсөл/хөтөлбөрийн дэмжлэгтэйгээр

Тайлбар (төслийн төрөл г.м.):

The Royal Project implement in the upstream forest area and emphasize to promote and encourage career of hilltribe land users around AngKhang Agricultural Station. Moreover, the continuous bench terrace is introduced in this high slope area to prevent and conserve soil and water resources, reduce soil erosion and runoff.

3.1 Технологийн үндсэн зорилго (ууд)

• үйлдвэрлэлийг сайжруулах
• газрын доройтлыг бууруулах, сэргийлэх, нөхөн сэргээх
• экосистемийг хамгаалах
• биологийн төрөл зүйлийг хамгаалах / сайжруулах
• үр ашигтай эдийн засгийн нөлөөг бий болгох

3.2 Технологи нэвтрүүлсэн газрын одоогийн газар ашиглалтын хэлбэр(үүд)

Тайлбар:

Palaung hill tribe will plant Chinese tea on this area in late rainy season, about August to October because after planting root of tea would grow well in the cool condition and do not face problems like during the rainy season. The trimming will be about 10-12 months before planting. spacing between row is 1.2 meter and between tree is 60 centimeters. There are about 2,200 trees per Rai.

3.3 Технологи хэрэгжүүлснээр газар ашиглалтад өөрчлөлт гарсан уу?

Тайлбар:

-

3.4 Усан хангамж

Технологи хэрэгжүүлсэн газрын усан хангамж:

• Байгалийн/усалгаатай арга хосолсон

Тайлбар:

The land use in this area is Chinese tea in Plot 2000, with 2 species, namely soft stalks and variety no.12, This area is mainly rain fed together with spraying system. And water supply system is in the upper part of the area and distribute to tea plot by PVC pipe and set springier cover over this plot. however, this water system is high cost but it is worthwhile.

3.5 Технологи ГТМ-ийн аль бүлэгт хамаарах вэ

• Налуугийн арга хэмжээ
• Экосистемд суурилсан гамшигийн эрсдлийг бууруулах

3.6 Технологийг бүрдүүлэх ГТМ арга хэмжээ

Тайлбар:

The continuous bench terrace technology is suitable soil and water conservation in slopping area,where is the upper part of watershed in the National Reserved Forest area. This technology need knowledge and expertise in construction of conservation measure with high investment and more maintenance. That means government and private sector should support in construction and land users should maintain of bench terrace and take care in soil fertility.

3.7 Технологид харгалзах газрын доройтлын төрөл

Тайлбар:

Soil resources in this area is degraded by deforestation and climate changes, where it is risk in runoff and soil erosion. In this case plant nutrients in soil surface and sediment is removed to the low part, soil fertility is decreased, and ecosystem in upstream forest is degraded.

3.8 Газрын доройтлоос урьдчилан сэргийлэх, сааруулах ба нөхөн сэргээх

Газрын доройтолтой холбоотойгоор Технологи ямар зорилго тавьсан болохыг тодорхойл:

• газрын доройтлоос урьдчилан сэргийлэх
• Газрын доройтлыг бууруулах

Тайлбар:

In 1999, the Angkhang Royal Agricultural Station cooperated with Land Development Department construct the continuous bench terrace and soil improvement in this steep slope area to prevent soil erosion and runoff. Moreover, the Royal Irrigation Department support water supply system and the Provincial Electricity Authority support electricity services.

4.1 Технологийн техник зураг

4.2 Материал болон зардалд хамаарах ерөнхий мэдээлэл

Үнэ өртөг, оруулсан хувь нэмрийг хэрхэн тооцсоныг тодорхойл:

• Технологийн нэгж тус бүр

бусад/үндэсний мөнгөн нэгж (тодорхойл):

Baht

Хэрэв боломжтой бол үндэсний валютын Америк доллартай харьцах харьцааг бичнэ үү (тухайлбал, 1 ам.дол. = 79,9 Бразил реал): 1 ам.дол. =:

15448.6

4.3 Бий болгох үйл ажиллагаа

	Үйл ажиллагаа	Хугацаа (улирал)
1.	Survey, select the area and design conservation measure	the first year (1998)
2.	set up contour line for terrace	the first year (1998)
3.	construct bench terrace	before of rainy season 1999
4.	Vetiver grass plantation on the terrace	early of rainy season 1999
5.	Chinese tea plantation	in rainy season, Aug-Oct 2000
6.	Fertilizer application 3 times	Feb, Jun and Oct
7.	Water application	throughout the planting period
8.	Fertilizer application	throughout the planting period
9.	Harvest	harvesting period
10.	Maintenance bench terrace	in dry season, April

Тайлбар:

-

4.4 Бий болгоход шаардагдсан зардал, хөрөнгийн өртөг

	Зардлын нэр, төрөл	Хэмжих нэгж	Тоо хэмжээ	Нэгжийн үнэ	Зардал бүрийн нийт өртөг	Нийт дүнгээс газар ашиглагчийн төлсөн %
Хөдөлмөр эрхлэлт	site survey 1 day	man	0.5	175.82	87.91
Хөдөлмөр эрхлэлт	set up contour line 1 day	man	4.0	175.82	703.28
Хөдөлмөр эрхлэлт	vetiver planting (400 slips x 8 rows)	slip	3200.0	1.65	5280.0
Хөдөлмөр эрхлэлт	man power (2.4 cu.m./m.)	cu.m.	88.0	100.88	8877.44
Тоног төхөөрөмж	machine power (2.4 cu.m./m.)	cu.m.
Тоног төхөөрөмж	pin wood	unit	100.0	5.0	500.0
таримал материал	vetiver slip (LDD supported)	None	3200.0
Технологи бий болгох нийт үнэ өртөг					15448.63
Технологи бий болгох нийт үнэ өртөг, ам.доллар					1.0

Хэрэв газар ашиглагч нийт зардлын 100% -иас бага хэсгийг төлсөн бол хэн голлох зардлыг гаргасан бэ:

Land Development Department by Center of land development for Royal Project supported the budget by conduct the bench terrace in this area.

Тайлбар:

-

4.5 Арчилгаа/ урсгал үйл ажиллагаа

	Үйл ажиллагаа	Хугацаа/ давтамж
1.	maintain and repair bench terrace	in dry season 3-5 years/time

Тайлбар:

In the case of bench terrace are not so much damaged, and size of rill is around 5-20 cm. wide and not very deep. Most of the land users usually repair that terrace by themselves during the dry season.

4.6 Арчилгаа/урсгал ажилд шаардагдсан зардал, хөрөнгийн өртөг (нэг жилд)

	Зардлын нэр, төрөл	Хэмжих нэгж	Тоо хэмжээ	Нэгжийн үнэ	Зардал бүрийн нийт өртөг	Нийт дүнгээс газар ашиглагчийн төлсөн %
Хөдөлмөр эрхлэлт	man power to repair the terrace	man	1.0	500.0	500.0	100.0
Технологийн арчилгаа/урсгал үйл ажиллагаанд шаардагдах нийт үнэ өртөг					500.0
Технологи арчилах ба урсгал ажлын нийт үнэ өртөг, ам.доллар					0.03

Хэрэв газар ашиглагч нийт зардлын 100% -иас бага хэсгийг төлсөн бол хэн голлох зардлыг гаргасан бэ:

All maintenance cost of bench terrace are supported by Center of Land Development for Royal Project, Land Development Department.

Тайлбар:

Center of Land Development for Royal Project, Land Development Department directly cooperated with the Royal Project.

4.7 Зардалд нөлөөлж байгаа хамгийн чухал хүчин зүйл

Өртөг, зардалд нөлөөлөх гол хүчин зүйл:

construction of continuous bench terrace and maintenance cost, which it is all invested by government sector, Land Development Department.

5.1 Уур амьсгал

5.2 Гадаргын хэлбэр

Технологи дараах асуудалд хандсан эсэхийг тодорхойл:

• хамааралгүй

Гадаргын талаархи тодорхойлолт ба бусад тайлбар:

This technology is used in slope 20-35% , slope complex and slope more than 35%.

5.3 Хөрс

Боломжтой бол хөрсний бүрэн тодорхойлолт, боломжит мэдээллийг өгнө үү, жишээ нь хөрсний төрөл, хөрсний урвалын орчин/хүчиллэг байдал, катион солилцох чадавхи, азотын хэмжээ, давсжилт г.м.

Angkhang Royal Agricultural Station is directly respond covered 16,577 rai, with 5 main villages, namely Ban Nala, Ban Rim, Ban Pang Ma, Ban Khum, and Ban Luang. Total population is 3,929 people. The overall landscape is slope complex in mountain range surrounded by a pan-shaped basin. This agricultural area is promoted the hill tribe community to grow winter crops. The general condition of this area is pine forest and evergreen forest. The attitude is 1,400 meters above the sea level. Most of soil series are Ban Luang Series. Soil loamy soil. Angkhang Series is a soil formed by limestone, rock, shell, shale. The overall soil condition is good structure, but almost highland with high slope and acidic condition (pH 4.5-6.0).

5.4 Усны хүртээмж ба чанар

Усны давсжилтын асуудал бий юу?

Үгүй

Энэ газар үерт автдаг уу?

Үгүй

Усны чанар, нөөцийн талаархи тайлбар ба бусад тодорхойлолт:

In the past, there was no soil and water conservation measure, where soil erosion and severe runoff is occurred when it has heavy rain, especially during the rainy season. Soil surface was transported to the lower part, where organic matter and plant nutrients lost from this area and small rill and deep groove is formed in the upper part. Moreover such soil sediment in runoff accumulated in the channel and natural reservoir.

5.5 Биологийн олон янз байдал

Биологийн олон янз байдлын талаархи тайлбар ба бусад тодорхойлолт:

In Plot 2000 can observe several insects in both of predators and parasitic insects such as dragonflies, beetles, turtles, striped mungs, ants, also earthworm and others.

5.6 Технологи нэвтрүүлсэн газар ашиглагчдын тухай мэдээлэл

Газар ашиглагчдын бусад шинж чанарыг тодорхойл:

All land users and their family members worked in their land such as tea leaves harvest, weed control, fertilizer application, tea planting, trimming and others, which they would not prefer to hire workers.

5.7 Газар ашиглагчийн технологи нэвтрүүлсэн газрын дундаж талбайн хэмжээ

5.8 Газар эзэмшил, газар ашиглах эрх, ус ашиглах эрх

Газар өмчлөл:

• хувь хүн, өмчийн гэрчилгээгүй

Газар ашиглах эрх:

• нэгдлийн хэлбэрээр (зохион байгуулалттай)

Ус ашиглах эрх:

• нэгдлийн хэлбэрээр (зохион байгуулалттай)

Тодорхойлно уу:

-

Тайлбар:

All land users in this area would not right in land ownership but they have right to use these land for agricultural purposes. And Angkhang Royal Agricultural Station separated and allocated these land for selected land users and also land zoning for fruit trees, Vegetables, flowers and ornamental plants and others.

5.9 Дэд бүтэц, үйлчилгээний хүртээмж

Тайлбар:

They have cooperative activity to support investment and production costs such as fertilizers, bio-pesticides, pesticides and others.

6.1 Технологийн талбайд үзүүлсэн нөлөө

Нийгэм-эдийн засгийн үр нөлөө

Үйлдвэрлэл

Усны хүртээмж ба чанар

Орлого, зарлага

Нийгэм-соёлын үр нөлөө

Экологийн үр нөлөө

Усны эргэлт/ илүүдэл

Хөрс

Биологийн олон янз байдал: ургамал, амьтан

Уур амьсгал болон гамшгийн эрсдлийг бууруулах

Талбайд илэрсэн үр нөлөөг үнэлнэ үү (хэмжилт):

almost land users have been continuously advised in tea plantation and organic farming by local officers of the Station.

6.2 Технологийн талбайн гадна үзүүлсэн үр нөлөө

Талбайн гадна илрэх үр нөлөөллийн үнэлгээг тайлбарлана уу (хэмжилтүүд):

-

6.3 Технологийн уур амьсгалын өөрчлөлт, цаг агаарын гамшигт үзэгдэлд өртөх байдал ба эмзэг байдал (газар ашиглагчийн бодлоор)

Уур амьсгалаас хамаарах аюул (гамшиг)

Цаг уурын гамшигт үзэгдэл

	Технологи түүний нөлөөг хэрхэн бууруулж байна?
орон нутгийн аадар бороо	маш сайн

Усзүйн гамшиг

	Технологи түүний нөлөөг хэрхэн бууруулж байна?
хөрсний гулсалт	сайн

Тайлбар:

-

6.4 Өртөг ба ашгийн шинжилгээ

Бий болгох зардалтай харьцуулахад ямар ашиг өгсөн бэ (газар ашиглагчийн бодлоор)?

Арчилгаа/урсгал зардалтай харьцуулахад ямар ашиг өгсөн бэ (газар ашиглагчийн бодлоор)?

Тайлбар:

Land users no need to pay any expenses. So the construction of bench terrace as 3 m. basement is set up by the Royal Project for Land Development Center.

6.5 Технологи нэвтрүүлэлт

• 11-50%

Боломжтой бол, тоогоор илэрхийл (өрхийн тоо эсвэл бүрхэх талбай):

In Plot 2000 , They have 39 members who cultivated tea and medicinal plants in this bench terrace.

Технологи нэвтрүүлсэн хүмүүсээс хэд нь өөрийн хүчээр технологийг хэрэгжүүлсэн бэ, өөрөөр хэлбэл гадны тусламж дэмжлэг авалгүйгээр?

• 0-10%

Тайлбар:

This bench terrace need more investment and management, and need more incentives.

6.6 Дасан зохицох

Бий болсон өөрчлөлтөд зохицуулан технологийг өөрчилсөн үү?

Үгүй

6.7 Технологийн давуу тал/боломжууд

Газар ашиглагчдын тодорхойлсон давуу тал/боломжууд
The continuous bench terrace is high effective measure to slow down runoff, reduce sediment and soil erosion.
This system would reduce amount of fertilizer application, which organic matter and plant nutrients still stay in the slopping area.
All land users can produce more agricultural products and more income.

Эмхэтгэгч, бусад мэдээлэл өгсөн хүмүүсийн өнцгөөс тодорхойлсон давуу тал/боломжууд
The continuous bench terrace is high effective measure to slow down runoff, reduce sediment and soil erosion.
This bench terrace increase amount of storage water into soil, and also increase soil moisture content. And the excess of rain would gradually control and drain to water way.
This technology would reduce amount of fertilizer application due to prevent of plant nutrients lost from this area.
All land users can improve their life status in increasing agricultural products and income.

6.8 Технологийн дутагдалтай/сул тал/аюул болон тэдгээрийг хэрхэн даван туулах арга зам

Газар ашиглагч нарын тодорхойлсон сул тал/ дутагдал/ эрсдэл	Тэдгээрийг хэрхэн даван туулах вэ?
The continuous bench terrace is very high cost	Government and local officers support this activities.
This system need expert in design and implement.	Local government officers (LDD) support and service this activities.
The structure of bench terrace is damaged.	Local government officers (LDD) support and service this activities.

Эмхэтгэгч, бусад мэдээлэл өгсөн хүмүүсийн өнцгөөс тодорхойлсон сул тал/ дутагдал/ эрсдэл	Тэдгээрийг хэрхэн даван туулах вэ?
The continuous bench terrace is very high cost and need machine to construct is terrace.	Government and local officers support this activities.
This system need expert in design and implement.	Local government officers (LDD) support and service this activities.
The structure of bench terrace is damaged by heavy rain, runoff and other events.	Local government officers (LDD) support and service this activities.

7.1 Мэдээлэл цуглуулсан арга/эх үүсвэр

7.2 Ном, хэвлэлийн ишлэл

Гарчиг, зохиогч, он, ISBN:

-

Хаанаас авч болох вэ? Зардал?

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7.3 Холбогдох мэдээллийн интернет холбоос

Гарчиг/ тодорхойлолт:

Continuous bench terrace for soil and water conservation in watershed area (at slope 35-60%)

URL:

http://www.dnp.go.th/watershed/ส่วนอำนวยการ/จัดทำระบบอนุรักษ์ดินและน้ำ โครงการทำขั้นบันไดดิน.pdf

7.4 Ерөнхий мэдээлэл

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