1.2 Detalhes do contato das pessoas capacitadas e instituições envolvidas na avaliação e documentação da abordagem

1.3 Condições em relação ao uso da informação documentada através de WOCAT

O/a compilador/a e a(s) pessoa(s) capacitada(s) aceitam as condições relativas ao uso de dados documentados através da WOCAT:

Sim

1.4 Referência ao(s) questionário(s) sobre tecnologias da GST

2.1 Descrição curta da abordagem

To grow different fodder crop species (leguminous and graminous) for feeding livestock

2.2 Descrição detalhada da abordagem

Descrição detalhada da abordagem:

Aims / objectives: It is aimed to grow livestocks feed for reduce costs of inputs in farms. Ease of feeding by this way is another motivation. Fodder crops especially leguminous ones are also very useful for improving and protecting soil fertility. Therefore farmers who produce both crops and livestock prefer to grow fodder crops.

Methods: Leguminous (alfaalfa, soinfoin, vetch) and graminous (corn for silage, barley, wheat, oat, triticale, rye) fodder species are grown in different growing seasons. Graminous fodder species are grown annually, among the leguminous species. Alfaalfa, sainfain are perennial and vetch is an annual species. The fodder species can be grown under dry conditions except corn. Leguminous species can not grow well if there is not enough rainfall; therefore they need irrigation. Application of the approach is mostly forced by market conditions where meat incomes were gradually decreasing in the last years due to macroeconomic policies. Training of the farmers is achieved by state institutions, universities and NGO's in a rather discontinous and sporadic way.

Stages of implementation: Soil tillage, fertilizing the soil, sowing the seeds, irrigation, harvest (1 for graminous species several times for leguminous species). Starting the approach by individual farmers is done by traditional communication and sometimes by training activities.

Role of stakeholders: All stages of the technology application are performed by participants. Technology is applied by farmers who have all the facilities needed for technology. They get some subsidizes from the state because of promoting the fodder crop production. State organisations, universities and NGO's provide irregular training courses and demonstrations. Rare scientific studies in terms of advantages of approcah are conducted by universities and state research institutes.

2.3 Fotos da abordagem

2.5 País/região/locais onde a abordagem foi aplicada

2.6 Datas de início e término da abordagem

2.7 Tipo de abordagem

• Iniciativa/inovação local recente

2.8 Principais metas/objetivos da abordagem

The Approach focused on SLM only

To reduce fodder input expenses by livestock producers.

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: The problems to be addressed by the approach mainly arise from drought which increases recently. Because fodder crops production mainly relies on natural rainfall in the region. Also, lack of technical knowledge is another problem. Governmental unstability for subsiding fodder crops is also one of the problem for maintaining the approach.

2.9 Condição que propiciam ou inibem a implementação de tecnologia/tecnologias aplicada(s) segundo a abordagem

3.1 Partes interessadas envolvidas na abordagem e seus papéis

3.2 Envolvimento do usuários de terra/comunidades locais nas diferentes fases da abordagem

	Envolvimento do usuários de terra/comunidades locais	Especifique quem estava envolvido e descreva as atividades
Iniciação/motivação	Automobilização
Planejamento	Automobilização
Implementação	Automobilização
Monitoramento/avaliação	Nenhum
Research	Nenhum

3.3 Fluxograma (se disponível)

3.4 Decisão sobre a seleção de tecnologia/tecnologias de GST

Especifique quem decidiu sobre a seleção de tecnologia/tecnologias a serem implementadas:

• Somente usuários da terra (iniciativa própria)

Explique:

Decisions on the method of implementing the SLM Technology were made by by land users* alone (self-initiative / bottom-up)

4.1 Reforço das capacidades/ formação

Foi oferecida formação aos usuários da terra/outras partes interessadas?

Sim

Especifique quem foi capacitado:

• Usuários de terra

4.3 Fortalecimento da instituição (desenvolvimento organizacional)

As instituições foram fortalecidas ou estabelecidas através da abordagem?

• Sim, pouco

Especifique a que nível (níveis) as instituições foram fortalecidas ou estabelecidas:

• Local

Especifique o tipo de apoio:

• Financeiro

4.4 Monitoramento e avaliação

Monitoramento e avaliação são partes da abordagem?

Sim

Comentários:

economic / production aspects were regular monitored by government, land users through measurements; indicators: amount of yield

area treated aspects were regular monitored by government through observations; indicators: for the subsidies

no. of land users involved aspects were ad hoc monitored by project staff through measurements; indicators: None

management of Approach aspects were None monitored by None through observations; indicators: None

There were few changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation: Monitoring and evaluation activities have indirect and weak effect upon the approach since applicability of the approach is determined mostly by the demand of market.

There were few changes in the Technology as a result of monitoring and evaluation: Monitoring activities are mostly aimed to determine the subsidy payment but not to assess the efficacity of the technology. But the results of research projects is supposed to have a small impact upon the application of technology.

4.5 Pesquisa

A pesquisa foi parte da abordagem?

Sim

Dê mais detalhes e indique quem realizou a pesquisa:

Research was carried out on-farm

5.1 Orçamento anual para o componente de GST da abordagem

Caso o orçamento exato seja desconhecido, indique a faixa:

• 10.000-100.000

Comentários (p. ex. principais fontes de recursos/principais doadores):

Approach costs were met by the following donors: government (as subsidies): 20.0%; local community / land user(s): 80.0%

5.2 Apoio financeiro/material concedido aos usuários da terra

Os usuários da terra receberam apoio financeiro/material para a implementação de tecnologia/tecnologias?

Sim

5.3 Subsídios para entradas específicas (incluindo mão-de-obra)

• Agrícola

5.4 Crédito

Foi concedido crédito segundo a abordagem para atividades de GST?

Não

6.1 Impactos da abordagem

6.2 Principal motivação dos usuários da terra para implementar a GST

6.3 Atividades de sustentabilidade de abordagem

Os usuários da terra podem manter o que foi implementado através da abordagem (sem apoio externo)?

• Incerto

Caso negativo ou incerto, especifique e comente:

Governmental supports (subsidies) help to continue the approach. If subsidies are not given, land users can not afford easily the approach. Additionally, if the pressure of market is higher they might totaly abandon animal feeding.

6.4 Pontos fortes/vantagens da abordagem

Pontos fortes/vantagens/oportunidades na visão do usuário da terra
It guarantees feeding their livestock. They are not affected from fluctuation in the price and presence of fodders in the market. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: By technical help.)
It reduces input costs. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: By financial support of government.)

Pontos fortes/vantagens/oportunidades na visão do/a compilador/a ou de outra pessoa capacitada
It improves soil fertility. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: informing farmers to use certain fodder crops such as leguminous fodders.)
It helps farmers to reduce inputs costs. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: By continuous governmental support.)

6.5 Pontos fracos, desvantagens da tecnologia e formas de superá-los

Pontos fracos/desvantagens/riscos na visão do usuário da terra	Como eles podem ser superados?
Livestock production is stricted by municipality due to internal regulations.	By loosing legal constrains.
Farmers are getting avoid to produce livestocks.	By governmal regulations.

Pontos fracos/vantagens/riscos na visão do/a compilador/a ou de outra pessoa capacitada	Como eles podem ser superados?
Drought greately effects yield	By increasing irrigation facilities, and hence state help.
It needs governmental support.	By stabilizing subsidies

7.1 Métodos/fontes de informação