Abordagens

Resilient Watershed Management Plan [Tajiquistão]

Criação: 05/04/2018 12:45
Atualização: 08/06/2018 11:25
Compilador/a: Askarsho Zevarshoev
Editor: –
Revisor: Farrukh Nazarmavloev

Идоракуни Хавза

approaches_3612 - Tajiquistão

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1. Informação geral

1.2 Detalhes do contato das pessoas capacitadas e instituições envolvidas na avaliação e documentação da abordagem

Pessoa(s) capacitada(s)

Especialista em GST:

Askarsho Zevarshoev

Nome do projeto que facilitou a documentação/avaliação da Abordagem (se relevante)

Integrated Health and Habitat Improvement in Rasht Valley, Tajikistan

Nome da(s) instituição(ões) que facilitou(ram) a documentação/avaliação da Abordagem (se relevante)

Aga Khan Foundation (AKF) - Suíça

1.3 Condições em relação ao uso da informação documentada através de WOCAT

Quando os dados foram compilados (no campo)?

21/02/2018

O compilador e a(s) pessoa(s) capacitada(s) aceitam as condições relativas ao uso de dados documentados através do WOCAT:

Sim

1.4 Referência ao(s) questionário(s) sobre tecnologias da GST

Terracing in Watershed [Afeganistão]

Reshaping unproductive land into a series of levelled, gently-sloping platforms creates conditions suitable for cultivation and prevents accelerated erosion.

Compilador/a: Aqila Haidery
19/04/2016 17:34

2. Descrição da abordagem de GST

2.1 Descrição curta da abordagem

The participatory watershed management plan (WMP) is an interdisciplinary approach at community level to raise awareness on the watershed management concept and improve understanding of the watershed approach in planning and management of natural resource.

2.2 Descrição detalhada da abordagem

Descrição detalhada da abordagem:

In the participatory WMPs, the main emphasis is placed on identifying critical factors (or so called thresholds) in the sub-watershed and identifying management actions to reduce the potential of negative effects of these factors on the sub-watershed ecosystems and livelihoods. In the process of participatory WMP stakeholders will identify factors that people can control and factors they cannot control. The planning is different for factors that people can control (mitigation of risk factors), for instance sustainability measures of access to safe and clean drinking water, and factors they cannot control (adaptation to risk factors), for instance melting of glaciers and formation of risk-posing glacial lakes.
In WMPs stakeholders collaborate with the technical team to incorporate key findings of the Integrated Habitat Assessment (IHA). To enhance community ownership and participation in the implementation of local development plans, communities and local authorities will be fully involved in the identification, implementation, and handover of the planning process and intervention implementations.
Based on the action plan developed as a result of participatory WMPs, interventions will be implemented to regenerate, protect, or enhance land/resource conditions in the different parts of each sub-watershed in a holistic manner in line with the IWSM approach. Projects at the village level will be identified based on the village management plan and projects operating at the sub-watershed or multi-village level will be informed by WMPs. The resilient NRM activities will be designed to specifically contribute to the improved land use and stabilization of degraded areas in the sub-watershed. During design, protection and synergies will be considered with socio-economic development project.

The WMPs will be prepared for the purpose of enhancing communities’ sustainable development through building capacities and capabilities of local communities to manage and reduce risks from natural hazards, to improve natural resources management, land use planning and pasture management. To conduct the WMP process, a working group will be established at the sub-watershed level, which will include the head of the jamoat(s), representatives from relevant district government departments (Land Management, Geology, Agriculture, Environmental Protection), and representatives from local community based organizations.

The preparation process of the WMPs will be closely coordinated and consulted with the community based organizations as well as local governments with plans conducted at the sub-watershed level. It is tentatively planned that ownership of the plans will fall to either the jamoat government (if a sub-watershed covers only one jamoat) or the district government (in the case of sub-watersheds covering more than one jamoat). However, the ownership model and other aspects of WMP process is still not clear and should be piloted in a different scenario. The WMPs will enable the target sub-watersheds to make comprehensive planning and take into account socio-economic, disaster management, and natural resources management aspects.
As a result of this process, three WMPs were developed at three sub-watershed level in Rasht Valley of Kuksu, Surkhdara and Nushor sub-watersheds. As a result the watershed committee was supported with implementation of interventions, where immediate action was required to prevent further degradation. For example in the Nushori bolo sub-watershed in consultation with government and community mobilization it was agreed to ban grazing in the most degraded upper zone of the pasture, which had also a risk of landslide. In a short period after limiting grazing the pasture areas in the upper zone of watershed started to rehabilitate.

2.3 Fotos da abordagem

Galeria de Mídias

Observações gerais sobre as fotos:

The head of the local government at the sub-district area which represents the selected watershed is presenting the agreed action plan to all stakeholders. The head of the local government is also a member of the working group on sub-watershed management together with the chairman and land use committee, environmental protection, forestry department.

2.5 País/região/locais onde a abordagem foi aplicada

País:

Tajiquistão

Região/Estado/Província:

Sub-ordinate regions

Especificação adicional de localização:

Rasht Valley, Faizobod District

2.6 Datas de início e término da abordagem

Caso o ano exato seja desconhecido, indique a data aproximada de início da abordagem:

menos de 10 anos atrás (recentemente)

2.7 Tipo de abordagem

Baseado em projeto/programa

2.8 Principais metas/objetivos da abordagem

Improvement of natural resource management and prevention of natural hazards as a result of unsustainable use of natural resource.

2.9 Condição que propiciam ou inibem a implementação de tecnologia/tecnologias aplicada(s) segundo a abordagem

Normas e valores sociais/culturais/religiosos

Inibitivo

the sub-watershed covers several communities, where each community has its own management structure with social and cultural norms. sometimes the social and cultural norms in each communities do not agree with each other because of these different norms and interests.

Disponibilidade/acesso a recursos e serviços financeiros

Propício

the WMPs, which contains detail aspect of use on different land categories it attracts attention from different funders, including donors and government. in the framework of the project special fund was allocated fro implementation of the designed actions and interventions. This allowed land users and land specialist to implement several planned measures

Quadro institucional

Inibitivo

In the framework of this approach no legal institute exists to own the WMP

Colaboração/coordenção de atores

Propício

entails different categories of land use, which involves collaboration among different agencies and land users

Quadro jurídico (posse de terra, direitos de uso da terra e da água)

Inibitivo

there is not official institute, which is dedicated to watershed management. Therefore ownership of the plan is hindering further implementation after the project ends

Governança da terra (tomada de decisões, implementação e aplicação)

Propício

The approach brings different local institutes, which are in charge of different natural resources together. This will enable an integrated approach to the natural resource management, as all of them are brought under one action plan.

Conhecimento sobre GST, acesso a suporte técnico

Propício

The approach focuses on different SLM practices and sharing knowledge from different expertice

Carga de trabalho, disponibilidade de força de trabalho

Inibitivo

High volume of migration of youth outside the area and high demand for labour force is hindering the process.

3. Participação e papel das partes interessadas envolvidas

3.1 Partes interessadas envolvidas na abordagem e seus papéis

Usuários de terra/comunidades locais

community members - farmers, livestock owners, forest owners

As first level of land users they are responsible for overall management of the natural resource and its conservation.

Pesquisadores

researches - pasture specialist, geobotanics, soil specialist, hydrologist

are involved in technical assessment of the resources and support communities integration of findings into their plan

Professores/alunos/estudantes

teachers on natural sciences and secondary school management

participate in the awareness raising session and support with knowledge sharing with schoolchildren, also use the new knowledge during classes.

Organização não governamental

MSDSP Mountain Societies Development Support Programme

mobilization of stakeholders in development of their participatory plans

Governo local

all departments on natural resources management - land, forest, water, pasture

controlling, supervision and mainstreaming the new approach into their working plan

3.2 Envolvimento do usuários de terra/comunidades locais nas diferentes fases da abordagem

	Envolvimento do usuários de terra/comunidades locais	Especifique quem estava envolvido e descreva as atividades
Iniciação/motivação	Apoio externo	supported by external consultants to provide feedback on the overall approach
Planejamento	Participativo	participatory approach is applied to develop the plan jointly with the land users
Implementação	Automobilização	after the plan is developed and their awareness is raised they take initiative to implement the designed interventions.
Monitoramento/avaliação	Participativo	the project team jointly with the community members and working group established at the sub-watershed level conducted the monitoring. The working group, which consist of the project team and governmental officials have good knowledge on monitoring skills.

3.3 Fluxograma (se disponível)

Descrição:

The watershed management circle including the whole circle of the planning process, starting from watershed selection up to evaluation.

Autor:

Zevarshoev Askarsho

3.4 Decisão sobre a seleção de tecnologia/tecnologias de GST

Especifique quem decidiu sobre a seleção de tecnologia/tecnologias a serem implementadas:

todos os atores relevantes, como parte de uma abordagem participativa

Explique:

The plan is developed in a participatory way, so everybody is suggesting and participating in the decision making.

Especifique em que base foram tomadas as decisões:

Avaliação de conhecimento bem documentado de GST (tomada de decisão baseada em evidências)

4. Suporte técnico, reforço das capacidades e gestão do conhecimento

4.1 Reforço das capacidades/formação

Foi oferecida formação aos usuários da terra/outras partes interessadas?

Sim

Especifique quem foi capacitado:

Equipe de campo/consultores

Caso seja relevante, especifique gênero, idade, status, etnia, etc.

women and man, 50-55, local people

Tipo de formação:

Cursos

Assuntos abordados:

Watershed Management

4.2 Serviço de consultoria

Os usuários de terra têm acesso a um serviço de consultoria?

Não

4.3 Fortalecimento da instituição (desenvolvimento organizacional)

As instituições foram fortalecidas ou estabelecidas através da abordagem?

Sim, pouco

Especifique a que nível (níveis) as instituições foram fortalecidas ou estabelecidas:

Local

Descreva instituição, papéis e responsabilidades, membros, etc.

local level working group had been established to become owner of the watershed management plan. at the moment the working groups is unofficial and agreed to take of the plan implementation until the official structure is established

Especifique o tipo de apoio:

Reforço das capacidades/formação

Dê mais detalhes:

trainings for community on watershed management, pasture and land management was conducted

4.4 Monitoramento e avaliação

Monitoramento e avaliação são partes da abordagem?

Não

4.5 Pesquisa

A pesquisa foi parte da abordagem?

Não

5. Financiamento e apoio material externo

6. Análise de impactos e declarações finais

6.1 Impactos da abordagem

A abordagem concedeu autonomia aos usuários locais de terra, melhorou a participação das partes interessadas?

Não
Sim, pouco
Sim, moderadamente
Sim, significativamente

community members were fully involved in the planning process and participated in decision making with regards to interventions. in addition community members were selected to become member of working groups, which have the opportunity to participate in the overall management of the watershed

after development the plan community were supported with implementation of several intervention specific to each watershed to see the effects

A abordagem aprimorou o conhecimento e as capacidades dos usuários da terra para implementar a GST?

Não
Sim, pouco
Sim, moderadamente
Sim, significativamente

the approach leads to the development of action plan with the expertise from SLM experts where different technologies are applied as a result of implementation of the actions related to watershed improvement

A abordagem aprimorou o conhecimento e as capacidades de outras partes interessadas?

Não
Sim, pouco
Sim, moderadamente
Sim, significativamente

it involves also capacity building of the stakeholders and improves their awareness on the watershed management approach

A abordagem melhorou a igualdade de gêneros e concedeu autonomia a mulheres e meninas?

Não
Sim, pouco
Sim, moderadamente
Sim, significativamente

It brings all stakeholders together to make decision with agreement with each other. women and girls also participated actively at the community planning process and were involved in the decision making

A abordagem encorajou os jovens/as próximas gerações de usuários de terra a se envolverem na GST?

Não
Sim, pouco
Sim, moderadamente
Sim, significativamente

in the implementation process of intervention mainly were involved youth jointly with technical project team, NRM specialist and bio-soil engineering and had a chance to learn new technologies and skills

in the implementation process jointly with project experts, including NRM specialist and bio-soil engineer different SLM technologies were implemented at the sub-watershed level

A abordagem aprimorou a capacidade dos usuários da terra de adaptar-se a mudanças climáticas/extremos e atenuar os desastres relacionados com o clima?

Não
Sim, pouco
Sim, moderadamente
Sim, significativamente

beside overgrazing, heavy precipitation in the last years have exacerbate the pasture degradation. through introducing new measures this contribute to minimize the effect of the heave precipitation, which is the cause of climate change.

A abordagem resultou em emprego, oportunidades de renda?

Não
Sim, pouco
Sim, moderadamente
Sim, significativamente

it only enable stakeholders and land users with improvement of land use and disaster protection

6.2 Principal motivação dos usuários da terra para implementar a GST

Degradação do solo reduzida

In the long run the plan improves the land degradation by applying different methods and environmental protection measures.

Riscos de desastre reduzido

In most of the cases the forms of land use which lead to disasters were banned in order to rehabilitate the area. Different technologies were applied to reduce disaster risks.

normas e regulamentos (multas)/aplicação

The approach focuses on improving the regulation on natural resource use in the watershed context as well as setting up common rules among different stakeholders to protect land.

6.3 Atividades de sustentabilidade de abordagem

Os usuários da terra podem manter o que foi implementado através da abordagem (sem apoio externo)?

Incerto

Caso negativo ou incerto, especifique e comente:

There is no legally registered entity who owns the plan as a result of the approach, otherwise the working group is consisting of governmental representatives and community members to manage the plan

6.4 Pontos fortes/vantagens da abordagem

Pontos fortes/vantagens/oportunidades na visão do usuário da terra
developed in participatory manner, involved in decision making

Pontos fortes/vantagens/oportunidades na visão do compilador ou de outra pessoa capacitada
represented by all parties involved in managing and using natural resource in the context of watershed
if legalized and owned by special entity can highly contribute to the improvement of natural resource conditions
could be replicated to other part/watershed as capacity on development of the approach is already built in the area

6.5 Pontos fracos, desvantagens da tecnologia e formas de superá-los

Pontos fracos/vantagens/riscos na visão do compilador ou de outra pessoa capacitada	Como eles podem ser superados?
absence of ownership interest over the plan developed as a result to the approach

7. Referências e links

7.1 Métodos/fontes de informação

entrevistas com usuários de terras

entrevistas com especialistas em GST

compilação de relatórios e outra documentação existente

7.2 Referências às publicações disponíveis

Título, autor, ano, ISBN: