Community Mobilization for SLM Interventions [Butão]
- Criação:
- Atualização:
- Compilador/a: Nima Dolma Tamang
- Editor: –
- Revisores: William Critchley, Rima Mekdaschi Studer
Thuenpa Puenzhi Sonam Detshen
approaches_6835 - Butão
Veja as seções
Expandir tudo Recolher tudo1. Informação geral
1.2 Detalhes do contato das pessoas capacitadas e instituições envolvidas na avaliação e documentação da abordagem
Pessoa(s) capacitada(s)
usuário de terra:
Tashi Tshering
17618478
Pangserpo Chiwog, Drujeygang Gewog, Dagana Dzongkhag
Butão
usuário de terra:
Pem (B) Tshering
17778420
Pangserpo Chiwog, Drujeygang Gewog, Dagana Dzongkhag
Butão
usuário de terra:
Mo Lungten
17826655
Pangserpo Chiwog, Drujeygang Gewog, Dagana Dzongkhag
Butão
usuário de terra:
Mo Karchang
17643440
Pangserpo Chiwog, Drujeygang Gewog, Dagana Dzongkhag
Butão
usuário de terra:
Pem (A) Tshering
77894830
Pangserpo Chiwog, Drujeygang Gewog, Dagana Dzongkhag
Butão
Nome do projeto que facilitou a documentação/avaliação da Abordagem (se relevante)
Strengthening national-level institutional and professional capacities of country Parties towards enhanced UNCCD monitoring and reporting – GEF 7 EA Umbrella II (GEF 7 UNCCD Enabling Activities_Umbrella II)Nome da(s) instituição(ões) que facilitou(ram) a documentação/avaliação da Abordagem (se relevante)
National Soil Services Centre, Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture & Livestock (NSSC) - Butão1.3 Condições em relação ao uso da informação documentada através de WOCAT
Quando os dados foram compilados (no campo)?
07/07/2023
O compilador e a(s) pessoa(s) capacitada(s) aceitam as condições relativas ao uso de dados documentados através do WOCAT:
Sim
1.4 Referência ao(s) questionário(s) sobre tecnologias da GST
Contour Stone Bunds [Butão]
Contour stone bunding on sloping agricultural lands reduces soil erosion and conserves soil moisture in order to retain soil productivity. It is promoted /recommended on slopes where there is adequate surface stone.
- Compilador/a: Nima Dolma Tamang
2. Descrição da abordagem de GST
2.1 Descrição curta da abordagem
Community mobilization in implementing sustainable land management technologies is indispensable in engaging the community to identify their priorities, resources, needs and solutions. It ultimately promotes bottom-up participation and fosters accountability.
2.2 Descrição detalhada da abordagem
Descrição detalhada da abordagem:
Community mobilization in implementing sustainable land management technologies involves active engagement of local communities in the planning, decision-making, implementation, and monitoring of land management. This approach recognizes the vital role of local communities in managing and conserving natural resources. By actively involving community members, SLM initiatives can be more effective and sustainable in the long-run.
With the objective of promoting a sense of unity and shared responsibility, SLM implementation in Pangserpo Chiwog of Drujeygang Gewog under Dagana Dzongkhag, has been executed through mobilization of a community group called ‘Thuenpa Puenzhi Sonam Detshen’. This group, consisting of 13 members, was initially instituted as a vegetable progressive group in 2018.
The need for SLM came to light when one of the members adopted stone bunds, inspiring the rest of the members. Subsequently, the community group members collectively initiated an SLM programme to address land degradation issues and enhance agriculture productivity. The proven SLM technologies implemented includes stone bunds, terracing, and hedgerows.
The community mobilization approach has built capacity within the community for effective land use and conservation, fostering ownership and securing the longevity of the SLM programme. The bylaws - for instance mandatory active participation of every member in community work - have been successful in upholding the integrity of the initiative, thereby ensuring effective implementation of SLM related activities.
This group mainly consists of women headed households who support each other through a self-help approach. When labour shortage is the major challenge, the self-mobilized group plays a vital role in scaling up SLM interventions and improving their own livelihoods. In most cases of SLM grouping, the groups remain intact until project support is withdrawn, but for the Thuenpa Puenzhi Sonam Detshen, the group is still functional.
2.3 Fotos da abordagem
Galeria de Mídias
2.5 País/região/locais onde a abordagem foi aplicada
País:
Butão
Região/Estado/Província:
Dagana Dzongkhag
Especificação adicional de localização:
Pangserpo Chiwog, Drujeygang Gewog
Map
×2.6 Datas de início e término da abordagem
Indique o ano de início:
2019
Comentários:
The group evolved from the vegetable group to the SLM group as the Chairman observed the effectiveness of stone bunds in land management. He initiated the construction of a stone bund which inspired other land users to adopt SLM technologies such as stone bunds, terracing and hedgerows. The land users are aware of the importance of land management to improve agricultural productivity which ensures sustainability of the approach. Furthermore, it continuously explores the market within and outside the country which motivates the group members to conserve land using the SLM measures.
2.7 Tipo de abordagem
- Iniciativa/inovação local recente
2.8 Principais metas/objetivos da abordagem
The central goal of this approach is to foster community interaction and collaboration towards better outreach and implementation of SLM practices
2.9 Condição que propiciam ou inibem a implementação de tecnologia/tecnologias aplicada(s) segundo a abordagem
Normas e valores sociais/culturais/religiosos
- Propício
The socio-cultural norms enable the implementation of SLM activities in the community, due to its effectiveness in mitigating land degradation issues, with no negative side impact.
Disponibilidade/acesso a recursos e serviços financeiros
- Propício
Initially the the government funded Nu. 200,000/- to execute the SLM technologies (stone bunds), later the group became financially stable by collecting fees (Nu.500 per member) from the group members and selling their agricultural products.
Quadro institucional
- Propício
The community have better access to gewog Renewable Natural Resources, Agriculture Research and Development Centre, and National Soil Services Centre for any kind of technical supports related to SLM
Colaboração/coordenção de atores
- Propício
The land users collaborated with the Royal Government of Bhutan and Green Climate Fund project members for the execution of the community SLM interventions.
Quadro jurídico (posse de terra, direitos de uso da terra e da água)
- Propício
The land ownerships for instance are either family or individual, posing no hindrances to adopt any kind of SLM technologies.
Políticas
- Propício
There is no policies that hinders the SLM intervention in the community
Governança da terra (tomada de decisões, implementação e aplicação)
- Propício
The community holds meetings every month to discuss their issues and plans. By-laws were formulated during the initiation of the approach to enable efficient decision-making and implementation of the activities. Additionally, regardless of gender, land users actively participate in the activities that were done as part of the approach.
Conhecimento sobre GST, acesso a suporte técnico
- Propício
The members were well sensitized and trained on SLM and its best technologies by the National Soil Services Centre
Mercados (para comprar entradas, vender produtos) e preços
- Propício
The market for the community is assured through school feeding program linkage (Drujeygang Central School and Pangna Primary Schools).
Carga de trabalho, disponibilidade de força de trabalho
- Propício
The SLM practices such as the construction of stone bunds are laborious. However, the involvement of the community and their labour contribution aids in achieving the implementation of the SLM practices.
3. Participação e papel das partes interessadas envolvidas
3.1 Partes interessadas envolvidas na abordagem e seus papéis
- Usuários de terra/comunidades locais
Chairman and community members (land users)
The chairman was involved in initial group formulation by gathering like-minded members, and exploring for input subsidies. Land users are involved in forming a group and cooperating to address the issues, vegetable cultivation, and marketing.
- Especialistas em GST/ consultor agrícola
Gewog/Block and Dzongkhag agriculture offices
In accepting and reviewing the group formation proposal, developing by-laws , sourcing funds, exploring markets, and monitoring.
- Professores/alunos/estudantes
School Administrations
For community group and school feeding program linkages
- Governo local
Gewog/Block Administration
In accepting and reviewing the group formation proposal, developing by-laws , sourcing funds, exploring markets, taking the concerns of land degradation to the higher authorities
- Governo nacional (planejadores, responsáveis pelas decisões)
Dzongkhag Adminstration
Final approval of the group formation and fund sourcing
- Organização internacional
Green Climate Fund (GCF) project
Provision of funds
3.2 Envolvimento do usuários de terra/comunidades locais nas diferentes fases da abordagem
| Envolvimento do usuários de terra/comunidades locais | Especifique quem estava envolvido e descreva as atividades | |
|---|---|---|
| Iniciação/motivação | Automobilização | One of the community members who is currently the chairperson adopted a SLM technology, and inspired other members. Subsequently, they further explored to implement SLM technologies in larger scales in the community. |
| Planejamento | Participativo | Both the government and the land users were involved during the planning process. The government provided technical inputs whereas the land users contributed traditional knowledge. |
| Implementação | Participativo | Both the government and the land users were involved during the implementation of the technologies. Where the government provided technical and financial support along with machineries. The land users contributed labour and farm tools. |
| Monitoramento/avaliação | Participativo | The community meets every month to engage in self-monitoring and evaluation of the technologies. It is followed by addressing the issues and concerns raised. The Gewog, Dzongkhag, and NSSC also conducts periodic monitoring and evaluation. |
3.3 Fluxograma (se disponível)
Descrição:
Flow chart of how any SLM activities are carried out based on the approach.
Autor:
Ongpo Lepcha
3.4 Decisão sobre a seleção de tecnologia/tecnologias de GST
Especifique quem decidiu sobre a seleção de tecnologia/tecnologias a serem implementadas:
- todos os atores relevantes, como parte de uma abordagem participativa
Explique:
The community members were sensitized on SLM by NSSC, followed by bottom-up participatory SLM action planning and field based hands on training.
Especifique em que base foram tomadas as decisões:
- Experiência pessoal e opiniões (não documentado)
4. Suporte técnico, reforço das capacidades e gestão do conhecimento
4.1 Reforço das capacidades/formação
Foi oferecida formação aos usuários da terra/outras partes interessadas?
Sim
Especifique quem foi capacitado:
- Usuários de terra
- Equipe de campo/consultores
Caso seja relevante, especifique gênero, idade, status, etnia, etc.
All the members (both male and female) were trained.
Tipo de formação:
- Áreas de demonstração
- Reuniões públicas
Assuntos abordados:
What actually SLM is, why SLM is important and required, and the best proven SLM technologies that are being implemented in Bhutan.
4.2 Serviço de consultoria
Os usuários de terra têm acesso a um serviço de consultoria?
Sim
Especifique se foi oferecido serviço de consultoria:
- nas áreas dos usuários da terra
Descreva/comentários:
The advisory services on the technology and management were provided to farmers on land users' fields by Agriculture Extension Officers.
4.3 Fortalecimento da instituição (desenvolvimento organizacional)
As instituições foram fortalecidas ou estabelecidas através da abordagem?
- Sim, moderadamente
Especifique a que nível (níveis) as instituições foram fortalecidas ou estabelecidas:
- Local
Descreva instituição, papéis e responsabilidades, membros, etc.
The institution is known by the name "Thuenpa Puenzhi Sanam Detshen" in the surrounding community. There are 13 members including the chairperson of the group. The chairperson's responsibility is to coordinate and address all community-related activities and concerns. He also oversees the institution's financial planning. The member's job is to cooperate with the chairperson and encourage one another in difficult times.
Especifique o tipo de apoio:
- Financeiro
- Reforço das capacidades/formação
- Equipamento
- labour-sharing (Local name: Lagtshab)
Dê mais detalhes:
The institution provides financial aid. Additionally, they engage in labour-sharing (lagtshab) where the land users rotate working on each other's fields to complete the work faster.
4.4 Monitoramento e avaliação
Monitoramento e avaliação são partes da abordagem?
Sim
Comentários:
The monitoring and evaluation are part of the approach. The land users get together once a month to review the activities conducted and plan future activities preventing recurring issues to strengthen the effectiveness of the approach.
Caso afirmativo, esta documentação é destinada a ser utilizada para monitoramento e avaliação?
Não
4.5 Pesquisa
A pesquisa foi parte da abordagem?
Não
5. Financiamento e apoio material externo
5.1 Orçamento anual para o componente de GST da abordagem
Caso o orçamento exato seja desconhecido, indique a faixa:
- < 2.000
Comentários (p. ex. principais fontes de recursos/principais doadores):
The government funded one time during the initial implementation of the technology. However, there is no annual budget allocated for the group now.
5.2 Apoio financeiro/material concedido aos usuários da terra
Os usuários da terra receberam apoio financeiro/material para a implementação de tecnologia/tecnologias?
Sim
Caso afirmativo, especifique tipo(s) de apoio, condições e fornecedor(es):
They were provided with Nu. 200,000/- to implement the technology through GCF project.
5.3 Subsídios para entradas específicas (incluindo mão-de-obra)
- Equipamento
| Especifique quais entradas foram subsidiadas | Em que medida | Especifique os subsídios |
|---|---|---|
| Maquinário | Parcialmente financiado | Power tiller was partly financed by the government. (Farmers and the government split the cost by 50%) |
- Agrícola
| Especifique quais entradas foram subsidiadas | Em que medida | Especifique os subsídios |
|---|---|---|
| Sementes | Totalmente financiado | Initially all the seeds were provided by the government later it was stopped as the land users became financially stable to afford the seeds. |
- Infraestrutura
| Especifique quais entradas foram subsidiadas | Em que medida | Especifique os subsídios |
|---|---|---|
| Greenhouse | Parcialmente financiado | The government paid 80% of the greenhouse's cost, and farmers paid 20%. |
Se a mão-de-obra pelos usuários da terra foi uma entrada substancial, isso foi:
- Voluntário
5.4 Crédito
Foi concedido crédito segundo a abordagem para atividades de GST?
Sim
Especifique as condições (taxa de juros, reembolso, etc):
The credit was provided to the community members from the group fund of the group without any interest.
Especifique os fornecedores de crédito:
Chairperson and assistant
Especifique os destinatários do crédito:
Group members including the chairperson.
5.5 Outros incentivos ou instrumentos
Foram utilizados outros incentivos ou instrumentos para promover a implementação das tecnologias de GST?
Não
6. Análise de impactos e declarações finais
6.1 Impactos da abordagem
A abordagem concedeu autonomia aos usuários locais de terra, melhorou a participação das partes interessadas?
- Não
- Sim, pouco
- Sim, moderadamente
- Sim, significativamente
The land users are now empowered and are able to implement SLM technologies on their own, because of capacity built through SLM sensitization and hand-on-training.
A abordagem propiciou a tomada de decisão baseada em evidências?
- Não
- Sim, pouco
- Sim, moderadamente
- Sim, significativamente
The approach enabled land users to make evidence-based decisions. For example, the land users grew certain crops to be sold to the local market. However, the members of other communities started growing the same types of crops. Therefore, to reduce market competition the land users opted for different crops that are not grown by other groups. Also, linking with school feeding program was also a best evident decision.
A abordagem auxiliou os usuários da terra a implementar e manter as tecnologias de GST?
- Não
- Sim, pouco
- Sim, moderadamente
- Sim, significativamente
The group members collectively could source funds for SLM. The technology implementation through labour sharing was possible only due to the group members cohesiveness.
A abordagem melhorou a coordenação e a implementação economicamente eficiente da GST?
- Não
- Sim, pouco
- Sim, moderadamente
- Sim, significativamente
The labour sharing strategy proved best in effective cost management (cost sharing).
A abordagem mobilizou/melhorou o acesso aos recursos financeiros para implementação da GST?
- Não
- Sim, pouco
- Sim, moderadamente
- Sim, significativamente
The group sourced Nu. 200,000/- for the implementation of SLM technologies. Currently, the group makes Nu. 30,00,000/- a year, which they divide among themselves and save a certain amount to be used to maintain the technologies and as an emergency fund.
A abordagem aprimorou o conhecimento e as capacidades dos usuários da terra para implementar a GST?
- Não
- Sim, pouco
- Sim, moderadamente
- Sim, significativamente
Capacity built through SLM sensitization, hand-on-training, and implementation.
A abordagem aprimorou o conhecimento e as capacidades de outras partes interessadas?
- Não
- Sim, pouco
- Sim, moderadamente
- Sim, significativamente
The capacities of local government officials were developed, while making their presence during the program.
A abordagem construiu/fortaleceu instituições, colaboração entre partes interessadas?
- Não
- Sim, pouco
- Sim, moderadamente
- Sim, significativamente
Based on the community's interest and motivation to improve agricultural productivity, other stakeholders are convinced to support and collaborate with them.
A abordagem atenuou conflitos?
- Não
- Sim, pouco
- Sim, moderadamente
- Sim, significativamente
The labour sharing mechanism through this approach has mitigated social conflicts especially due to labour shortage.
A abordagem concedeu autonomia aos grupos social e economicamente desfavorecidos?
- Não
- Sim, pouco
- Sim, moderadamente
- Sim, significativamente
The group members mainly consists of women headed households.
A abordagem melhorou a igualdade de gêneros e concedeu autonomia a mulheres e meninas?
- Não
- Sim, pouco
- Sim, moderadamente
- Sim, significativamente
Both male and female have equal rights to be part of the group. Initially, the group started with an equal number of male and female.
A abordagem encorajou os jovens/as próximas gerações de usuários de terra a se envolverem na GST?
- Não
- Sim, pouco
- Sim, moderadamente
- Sim, significativamente
Majority of the children are in schools/colleges. But, they somehow get to engage in SLM program during their vacations representing their parents and relatives. Few youth living in the community are also engaged. Hence, the next generation land users are encouraged.
A abordagem melhorou as questões de posse de terra/diretos do usuário que inibiam a implementação das tecnologias de GST?
- Não
- Sim, pouco
- Sim, moderadamente
- Sim, significativamente
The land ownerships are either family or individual. So, there was no prior issues in land tenure or user rights.
A abordagem resultou em segurança alimentar aprimorada/nutrição melhorada?
- Não
- Sim, pouco
- Sim, moderadamente
- Sim, significativamente
Before the community mobilization approach, agricultural activity was mainly for self-consumption. The implementation of SLM with this approach has seen increased agricultural productivity even at this initial stage, leading to market-oriented farming, improved household income, improved food and nutrition security.
A abordagem melhorou o acesso aos mercados?
- Não
- Sim, pouco
- Sim, moderadamente
- Sim, significativamente
The approach improved land users' access to the market through school feeding program linkage.
A abordagem resultou em acesso melhorado à água e ao saneamento?
- Não
- Sim, pouco
- Sim, moderadamente
- Sim, significativamente
The water harvesting technology implemented through the approach provides irrigation water to the land users' fields.
A abordagem resultou em uso/fontes de energia mais sustentável?
- Não
- Sim, pouco
- Sim, moderadamente
- Sim, significativamente
The SLM technologies implemented by the land users in this community is not very related to the sustainable energy uses.
A abordagem aprimorou a capacidade dos usuários da terra de adaptar-se a mudanças climáticas/extremos e atenuar os desastres relacionados com o clima?
- Não
- Sim, pouco
- Sim, moderadamente
- Sim, significativamente
Adverse effects of climate change such as erratic rainfall reduced through SLM, especially due to sloping of agricultural lands.
A abordagem resultou em emprego, oportunidades de renda?
- Não
- Sim, pouco
- Sim, moderadamente
- Sim, significativamente
The approach has significantly improved the land users' income as the technologies increased cultivable area, improved irrigation and eased farming. All these lead to an increase in agricultural productivity and household income.
6.2 Principal motivação dos usuários da terra para implementar a GST
- Produção aumentada
To have more cultivable lands, and enhance nutrient conservation (Soil loss).
- Lucro (lucrabilidade) aumentado, melhora da relação custo-benefício
Large scale vegetable cultivation leading to increased farm income.
- Degradação do solo reduzida
To maintain the quality of the soil and land through control of nutrient loss, loss of productive lands, and higher vegetation coverage.
- Carga de trabalho reduzida
Enhanced farm mechanization and workability leads to reducing number of labors
- melhoria dos conhecimentos e aptidões de GST
The land users have had no formal trainings or exposure to SLM earlier.
- Melhoria estética
The lands transformed through SLM intervention adds aesthetic value to the community.
6.3 Atividades de sustentabilidade de abordagem
Os usuários da terra podem manter o que foi implementado através da abordagem (sem apoio externo)?
- Sim
Caso afirmativo, descreva como:
The group is financially stable and has strong cooperation and interaction among the members
6.4 Pontos fortes/vantagens da abordagem
| Pontos fortes/vantagens/oportunidades na visão do usuário da terra |
|---|
| The land users are self-sufficient in vegetables, and improved health and well-being of their families. |
| The cooperation and interaction among the group members have been enhanced as the approach involves working in a group where they help each other to achieve a common goal. |
| The approach has made the land users financially stable due to the income generated from selling vegetables. |
| Due to bulk production in a community, the land users are able to access markets having demand for more quantities of vegetables such as school feeding programmes. |
| Pontos fortes/vantagens/oportunidades na visão do compilador ou de outra pessoa capacitada |
|---|
| The community has a capable leader, which is important to guide the group in terms of difficulties and prevent failure of the approach. |
| The agricultural production has drastically increased, especially winter crops leading to reduced import. |
6.5 Pontos fracos, desvantagens da tecnologia e formas de superá-los
| Pontos fracos/desvantagens/riscos na visão do usuário da terra | Como eles podem ser superados? |
|---|---|
| The potato production is higher than the market demand | Exploring markets beyond the community and local markets |
| Pontos fracos/vantagens/riscos na visão do compilador ou de outra pessoa capacitada | Como eles podem ser superados? |
|---|---|
| Limited market (Only two schools and few local markets) | Explore markets beyond local markets |
7. Referências e links
7.1 Métodos/fontes de informação
- visitas de campo, pesquisas de campo
Five informants
- entrevistas com usuários de terras
Five land users were interviewed
- compilação de relatórios e outra documentação existente
SLM manuals and guidelines
7.2 Referências às publicações disponíveis
Título, autor, ano, ISBN:
Wangdi, K. (2022). Promoting local farm produce in schools. BBS. Retrieved from http://www.bbs.bt/news/?p=165872
Disponível de onde? Custos?
http://www.bbs.bt/news/?p=165872
Título, autor, ano, ISBN:
National Soil Service Center. (2011). Bhutan Catalogue of Soil and Water Conservation Approaches and Technologies: Best Practices and Guidelines from Bhutan for Sustainable Land Management on Steep to Very Steep Slopes. National Soil Services Centre (NSSC), Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Forests, Royal Government of Bhutan, Thimphu.
Disponível de onde? Custos?
https://www.wocat.net/documents/140/Bhutan_catalogue_of_SLM_Technologies_and_Approaches.pdf
7.3 Links para informação relevante que está disponível online
Título/ descrição:
Sustainable Land Managements in Bhutan
URL:
https://www.cif.org/sites/cif_enc/files/knowledge-documents/summary_brief_land_management_bhutan.pdf
Título/ descrição:
Community Participatory Sustainable Land Management Byelaw Formulation in the highland of central Ethiopia
URL:
https://www.ajol.info/index.php/acsj/article/view/101368/90558
Links e módulos
Expandir tudo Recolher tudoLinks
Contour Stone Bunds [Butão]
Contour stone bunding on sloping agricultural lands reduces soil erosion and conserves soil moisture in order to retain soil productivity. It is promoted /recommended on slopes where there is adequate surface stone.
- Compilador/a: Nima Dolma Tamang
Módulos
Não há módulos