1.2 Contact details of resource persons and institutions involved in the assessment and documentation of the Technology

{'additional_translations': {}, 'value': 1056, 'label': 'Name of project which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)', 'text': 'Para el mandato de backstopping para le programa gestion comunitaria de la cuenca de Rio Dipilto en Nicaragua (Gestion comunitaria - Nicaragua)', 'template': 'raw'} {'additional_translations': {}, 'value': 6210, 'label': 'Name of the institution(s) which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)', 'text': 'Ministerio del Ambiente y los Recursos Naturales - Nicaragua (MARENA) - Nicaragua', 'template': 'raw'} {'additional_translations': {}, 'value': 6210, 'label': 'Name of the institution(s) which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)', 'text': 'Ministerio del Ambiente y los Recursos Naturales - Nicaragua (MARENA) - Nicaragua', 'template': 'raw'}

1.3 Conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT

The compiler and key resource person(s) accept the conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT:

Yes

1.4 Declaration on sustainability of the described Technology

Is the Technology described here problematic with regard to land degradation, so that it cannot be declared a sustainable land management technology?

No

2.1 Short description of the Technology

Definition of the Technology:

La tecnología es una linea de arboles y arbustos que sirve de cerca perimetral de protección a unidades de producción familiar, hogares, y/o división de microlotes productivos. Por su uso de material vegetativo ayuda la conservación de suelos y como barrera de protección a los cultivos.

2.2 Detailed description of the Technology

Description:

Las cercas vivas son una practica (tecnología) que sirve para delimitar linderos y/o hacer divisiones dentro de fincas (cafetaleras, ganaderas, forestales), y hogares. El Programa de Gestión Comunitaria de la Cuenca del Río Dipilto ha implementado mayormente esta práctica en fincas Ecoforestales y viviendas-patios. Recientemente se promueve su implementación para las fincas silvopastoriles y ganaderas dentro del área de la cuenca del Río Dipilto en la zona Norte de Nicaragua. La implementación de esta práctica implica la utilización de prendedizos (estacones de fácil rebrote de 2 metros de altura), plantulas forestales y/o frutales (todos de fácil adaptabilidad a las condiciones edafoclimáticas de la zona), así como uso de postes, alambres de púas y grapas. En la Finca El Carmen de la comunidad Los Planes (Dipilto-Nueva Segovia), las especies utilizadas para la implementación de la tecnología son: Jiñocuabo (Bursera simaruba), madero negro (Gliricidia sepium), izote (Yucca elephantipes), guaba (Inga edulis), caoba (Swietenia macrophylla) y cedro real (Cedrela odorata). Esta tecnología les gusta a los propietarios de las fincas, debido a que aparte de brindarle seguridad a su propiedad y mejorar las condiciones de microclima, suelo y habitats (para especies animales), le brinda mejor belleza escénica a su finca.

2.3 Photos of the Technology

2.5 Country/ region/ locations where the Technology has been applied and which are covered by this assessment

2.6 Date of implementation

Indicate year of implementation:

2017

If precise year is not known, indicate approximate date:

• 10-50 years ago

2.7 Introduction of the Technology

Specify how the Technology was introduced:

• through land users' innovation
• through projects/ external interventions

Comments (type of project, etc.):

Esta practica la han venido realizando los productores desde hace unos 50 años, pero solo utilizaban plantas como cercas vivas; el PGCCRD apartir de 2017 les ha incentivado con la utilizacion de alambres de puas y plantas para mejorar esta practica.

3.1 Main purpose(s) of the Technology

• reduce, prevent, restore land degradation
• conserve ecosystem
• protect a watershed/ downstream areas – in combination with other Technologies
• preserve/ improve biodiversity
• reduce risk of disasters
• create beneficial economic impact

3.2 Current land use type(s) where the Technology is applied

Land use mixed within the same land unit:

Yes

3.3 Has land use changed due to the implementation of the Technology?

Has land use changed due to the implementation of the Technology?

• No (Continue with question 3.4)

3.4 Water supply

Water supply for the land on which the Technology is applied:

• rainfed

3.5 SLM group to which the Technology belongs

• windbreak/ shelterbelt
• ecosystem-based disaster risk reduction

3.6 SLM measures comprising the Technology

3.7 Main types of land degradation addressed by the Technology

3.8 Prevention, reduction, or restoration of land degradation

Specify the goal of the Technology with regard to land degradation:

• prevent land degradation
• restore/ rehabilitate severely degraded land

4.1 Technical drawing of the Technology

4.2 General information regarding the calculation of inputs and costs

Specify how costs and inputs were calculated:

• per Technology unit

other/ national currency (specify):

cordobas

If relevant, indicate exchange rate from USD to local currency (e.g. 1 USD = 79.9 Brazilian Real): 1 USD =:

33.13

4.3 Establishment activities

	Activity	Timing (season)
1.	Limpieza
2.	Busqueda de especies vegetales (prendones, plantas), y postes
3.	Ahoyado
4.	Poseteado
5.	Puesta de alambre de puas
6.	Plantacion de prendones y plantulas	Inicio de invierno

4.4 Costs and inputs needed for establishment

	Specify input	Unit	Quantity	Costs per Unit	Total costs per input	% of costs borne by land users
Labour		D/H	7.0	190.0	1330.0	100.0
Equipment	Machete	Und	1.0	150.0	150.0	100.0
Equipment	Palin	Und	1.0	270.0	270.0	100.0
Equipment	martillo	Und	1.0	200.0	200.0	100.0
Plant material	Prendedizos	Und	50.0	20.0	1000.0	100.0
Plant material	Plantas forestales	Und	30.0	15.0	450.0	100.0
Construction material	Alambre de puas	Rollo	1.0	1700.0	1700.0
Construction material	Grapas	Lbs	2.0	30.0	60.0
Construction material	Postes	Und	10.0	100.0	1000.0
Total costs for establishment of the Technology					6160.0
Total costs for establishment of the Technology in USD					185.93

If land user bore less than 100% of costs, indicate who covered the remaining costs:

Las plantas forestales, grapas y alambre de púas lo facilitó el PGCCRD

Comments:

Las herramientas las posee el protagonista, y estas son de uso permanente en sus fincas; aqui se cuantifica su costo por si un productor no las posee y tiene que comprarlas.

4.5 Maintenance/ recurrent activities

	Activity	Timing/ frequency
1.	Limpieza de maleza	Cuando sale el invierno. Anualmente
2.	Rondas de proteccion	Cuando sale el invierno. Anualmente
3.	Poda	Cuando inicia el invierno. Cada 3 años (segun la especie)
4.	Reposteo	Cuando sale el invierno. una vez (despues de dos años de estavlecida la practica)

4.6 Costs and inputs needed for maintenance/ recurrent activities (per year)

	Specify input	Unit	Quantity	Costs per Unit	Total costs per input	% of costs borne by land users
Labour		D/H	2.0	190.0	380.0
Plant material	Grapas	Lbs	1.0	30.0	30.0	100.0
Plant material	Postes	Und	4.0	100.0	400.0	100.0
Total costs for maintenance of the Technology					810.0
Total costs for maintenance of the Technology in USD					24.45

Comments:

Los costos de reposteo (mantenimiento de la cerca viva), se realiza si esta la amerita.

4.7 Most important factors affecting the costs

Describe the most determinate factors affecting the costs:

Los costos son afectados debido al precio de la mano de obra; asi mismo porque en la zona alta de la cuenca del Río Dipilto, no hay postes, estos tienen que ser llevados desde la zona media de la cuenca, o desde municipios vecinos del corredor seco; lo que se altera por el costo de transporte.

5.1 Climate

5.2 Topography

Indicate if the Technology is specifically applied in:

• not relevant

5.3 Soils

5.4 Water availability and quality

Is water salinity a problem?

No

Is flooding of the area occurring?

No

5.5 Biodiversity

Comments and further specifications on biodiversity:

En la finca El Carmen existe un area de 3.52 hectáreas donde se encuentra un bosque virgen de conservación.

5.6 Characteristics of land users applying the Technology

Indicate other relevant characteristics of the land users:

La finca El Carmen la administra el hijo de la propietaria.

5.7 Average area of land used by land users applying the Technology

5.8 Land ownership, land use rights, and water use rights

Land ownership:

• individual, titled

Land use rights:

• individual

Water use rights:

• individual

Are land use rights based on a traditional legal system?

Yes

Specify:

Escritura publica

5.9 Access to services and infrastructure

6.1 On-site impacts the Technology has shown

Socio-cultural impacts

Ecological impacts

Biodiversity: vegetation, animals

Climate and disaster risk reduction

6.3 Exposure and sensitivity of the Technology to gradual climate change and climate-related extremes/ disasters (as perceived by land users)

Gradual climate change

Gradual climate change

	Season	increase or decrease	How does the Technology cope with it?
annual temperature		increase	well
annual rainfall		increase	well

Climate-related extremes (disasters)

Meteorological disasters

	How does the Technology cope with it?
tropical storm	well
extra-tropical cyclone	well

Climatological disasters

	How does the Technology cope with it?
drought	very well
forest fire	well

Hydrological disasters

	How does the Technology cope with it?
landslide	very well

Biological disasters

	How does the Technology cope with it?
epidemic diseases	very well

6.4 Cost-benefit analysis

How do the benefits compare with the establishment costs (from land users’ perspective)?

How do the benefits compare with the maintenance/ recurrent costs (from land users' perspective)?

6.5 Adoption of the Technology

• > 50%

Of all those who have adopted the Technology, how many did so spontaneously, i.e. without receiving any material incentives/ payments?

• 51-90%

6.6 Adaptation

Has the Technology been modified recently to adapt to changing conditions?

No

6.7 Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities of the Technology

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the land user’s view
Seguridad para la propiedad
Evita derrumbes
Puede generar ingresos por venta de frutas, prendones para reforestar otras areas
Banco de alimentos para aves
Seguridad alimentaria para la familia (los frutos sirven de alimento para la familia)

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view
Sirve para leña (las ramas secas)
Captura de carbono
Purificacion del aire
Repelentes naturales

6.8 Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks of the Technology and ways of overcoming them

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the land user’s view	How can they be overcome?
Altos costos de mano obra
Costo de materiales externos (alambre de puas, grapas y postes), se incrementa por el costo del transporte,

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view	How can they be overcome?
Los animales silvestres se pueden ver afectados si se hieren en las puas del alambre.

7.1 Methods/ sources of information

7.3 Links to relevant online information

Title/ description:

Brochoure Barreras vivas

URL:

http://www.inta.gob.ni/biblioteca/images/pdf/plegables/Brochure%20barreras%20vivas.pdf

Title/ description:

Las cercas vivas en fincas ganaderas

URL:

http://repositorio.uca.edu.ni/2227/1/las_cercas_vivas_en_las_fincas_ganaderas.pdf

Title/ description:

Establecimiento y manejo de las cercas vivas de Madero Negro

URL:

http://www.funica.org.ni/docs/conser_sueyagua_45.pdf

Title/ description:

Inventario de practicas t tecnologias

URL:

http://sidocfeminista.org/images/books/05090/05090_00.pdf