Technologies

Biofiltro para tratamiento de aguas grises [Nicaragua]

Filtro para aguas grises

technologies_4585 - Nicaragua

Completeness: 86%

1. General information

1.2 Contact details of resource persons and institutions involved in the assessment and documentation of the Technology

Key resource person(s)

SLM specialist:
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{'additional_translations': {}, 'value': 1056, 'label': 'Name of project which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)', 'text': 'Para el mandato de backstopping para le programa gestion comunitaria de la cuenca de Rio Dipilto en Nicaragua (Gestion comunitaria - Nicaragua)', 'template': 'raw'} {'additional_translations': {}, 'value': 6210, 'label': 'Name of the institution(s) which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)', 'text': 'Ministerio del Ambiente y los Recursos Naturales - Nicaragua (MARENA) - Nicaragua', 'template': 'raw'} {'additional_translations': {}, 'value': 6210, 'label': 'Name of the institution(s) which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)', 'text': 'Ministerio del Ambiente y los Recursos Naturales - Nicaragua (MARENA) - Nicaragua', 'template': 'raw'}

1.3 Conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT

The compiler and key resource person(s) accept the conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT:

Yes

1.4 Declaration on sustainability of the described Technology

Is the Technology described here problematic with regard to land degradation, so that it cannot be declared a sustainable land management technology?

No

Comments:

recursos disponibles, son locales

2. Description of the SLM Technology

2.1 Short description of the Technology

Definition of the Technology:

El biofiltro para tratamiento de aguas grises es una zanja de cemento llenada con piedrín, arena, y con carbón activado. El agua filtrada puede servir para riego de jardinería y plantas frutales.

2.2 Detailed description of the Technology

Description:

La tecnología del Biofiltro para tratamiento de aguas grises es implementada en la cuenca del Rio Dipilto, en el departamento de Nueva Segovia, en Nicaragua. Se aplica a fincas y hogares de las comunidades y hogares ubicados en zonas peri-urbanas de los municipios de Dipilto y Ocotal. Consiste en una zanja o un foso de 3 metros de largo, revestido de cemento o ladrillo de barro cocido. El ancho es de 0.4 metros y su profundidad es también 0.4 metros. El foso o zanja esta dividido en 4 espacios o divisiones de 0.75 metros cada uno, el primero es para recibir las aguas grises provenientes de las actividades domesticas, el segundo esta lleno de piedrín, el tercero con arena y el ultimo con carbón activado, la pendiente de 2-3% permite la circulación de las aguas grises a través de los materiales filtrantes, el agua sale filtrada por una manguera de 2 pulgadas, la que al final del filtrado es usada para riego en jardineria o frutales. El propósito es el tratamiento de las aguas grises para reducir la contaminación de las aguas superficiales. Para su instalación se necesita piedrín, arena, carbon activado y mangueras de 2 pulgadas. El mantenimiento se realiza mensualmente lavando el piedrín y ocasionalmente la arena si esta muy sucia. El carbón se reemplaza cada año, dependiendo del uso. La tecnología reduce la contaminación del agua y el agua se puede reusar para riego. Los usuarios de la tierra dicen que es excelente porque quita del agua el Jabón, grasas, etc.

2.3 Photos of the Technology

2.5 Country/ region/ locations where the Technology has been applied and which are covered by this assessment

Country:

Nicaragua

Region/ State/ Province:

Nueva Segovia

Further specification of location:

Municipios de Ocotal y Dipilto

Specify the spread of the Technology:
  • evenly spread over an area
If the Technology is evenly spread over an area, specify area covered (in km2):

97.0

If precise area is not known, indicate approximate area covered:
  • 100-1,000 km2
Is/are the technology site(s) located in a permanently protected area?

Yes

2.6 Date of implementation

If precise year is not known, indicate approximate date:
  • less than 10 years ago (recently)

2.7 Introduction of the Technology

Specify how the Technology was introduced:
  • through projects/ external interventions
Comments (type of project, etc.):

En un programa de gestion comunitaria para el manejo de la cuenca del Río Dipilto.

3. Classification of the SLM Technology

3.1 Main purpose(s) of the Technology

  • conserve ecosystem
  • protect a watershed/ downstream areas – in combination with other Technologies
  • adapt to climate change/ extremes and its impacts
  • create beneficial social impact

3.2 Current land use type(s) where the Technology is applied

Land use mixed within the same land unit:

Yes


Cropland

Cropland

  • Annual cropping
  • Tree and shrub cropping
Tree and shrub cropping - Specify crops:
  • coffee, shade grown
Number of growing seasons per year:
  • 1
Specify:

Hay cultivos que se cosechan todo el año (cultivo de enramadas, frutas, musaceas)

Is intercropping practiced?

Yes

If yes, specify which crops are intercropped:

Cultivos de enramadas (Chayotes, maraculla, granadilla), musaceas (Platano, bananos) Café, Cacao, Firjol.

Is crop rotation practiced?

No

3.3 Has land use changed due to the implementation of the Technology?

Has land use changed due to the implementation of the Technology?
  • No (Continue with question 3.4)
Settlements, infrastructure

Settlements, infrastructure

  • Settlements, buildings
Remarks:

El poposito de la tecnologia es el tratamiento de las aguas servidas domiciliares

3.4 Water supply

Water supply for the land on which the Technology is applied:
  • rainfed

3.5 SLM group to which the Technology belongs

  • water diversion and drainage
  • surface water management (spring, river, lakes, sea)
  • waste management/ waste water management

3.7 Main types of land degradation addressed by the Technology

water degradation

water degradation

other

other

Specify:

La tecnología esta destinada a enfrentar la reduccion de la calidad de las aguas superficiales originadas por las aguas grises o servidas que llevan consigo contaminantes como jabón, grasas, detergentes y aceite, que son vertidas directamente a las masas de agua fresca en la cuenca del Río Dipilto.

3.8 Prevention, reduction, or restoration of land degradation

Specify the goal of the Technology with regard to land degradation:
  • not applicable

4. Technical specifications, implementation activities, inputs, and costs

4.1 Technical drawing of the Technology

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Technical specifications (related to technical drawing):

Es una zanja o foso de 3 mts de largo, revestido de cemento o ladrillo de barro cocido, el ancho es de 0.4 mts y su profundidad es tambien 0.4 mts . El foso o zanja esta dividido en 4 compartimentos o divisiones de 0.75 mts cada uno, el primero es para recepcionar las aguas grises provenientes de las actividades domesticas, el segundo esta lleno de piedrin, el tercero con arena y el ultimo con carbón activado, la pendiente de 2-3% permite la circulación de las aguas grises a través de los materiales filtrantes, el agua sale filtrada por una manguera de 2 pulgadas, la que al final del filtrado es usada para riego en jardineria o frutales.

Author:

Carlos Marín

Date:

20/03/2019

4.2 General information regarding the calculation of inputs and costs

Specify how costs and inputs were calculated:
  • per Technology unit
Specify unit:

3 mt de largo por 0.4 mts de ancho por 0.4 mt de alto, dividido en 4 compartimentos de 0.75 mts cada uno.

If relevant, indicate exchange rate from USD to local currency (e.g. 1 USD = 79.9 Brazilian Real): 1 USD =:

33.3

Indicate average wage cost of hired labour per day:

C$ 150.00 (ciento cincuenta cordobas netos)

4.3 Establishment activities

Activity Timing (season)
1. Seleccion del lugar y diseño del biofiltro en cualquier momento del año
2. Niveles, excavacion en cualquier momento del año
3. poner revestimiento de concreto o ladrillos en cualquier momento del año
4. Excavacion, instalar tubos de entrada y salida en cualquier momento del año
5. activar carbón (lavado del carbón y secado al sol por tres días) en cualquier momento del año
6. lavar piedrin en cualquier momento del año
7. Hacer divisones con malla (opcional) en cualquier momento del año
8. Relleno con materiales filtrantes en cualquier momento del año
9. coneccion al sistema de drenaje de cocina y/o baño. en cualquier momento del año
Comments:

Es una tecnología que puede construirse en cualquier época del año.

4.4 Costs and inputs needed for establishment

Specify input Unit Quantity Costs per Unit Total costs per input % of costs borne by land users
Labour Mano de obra para construccion de biofiltro D/H 2.0 400.0 800.0 100.0
Equipment Pala unid 1.0 260.0 260.0 100.0
Equipment Barra Unid 1.0 605.0 605.0 100.0
Equipment Piocha Unid 1.0 378.0 378.0 100.0
Equipment Carretilla Unid 1.0 1435.0 1435.0 100.0
Construction material madera PT 29.0 25.0 725.0 100.0
Construction material Cemento bolsa 46 Kg 2.0 340.0 680.0
Construction material Arena mt3 0.5 800.0 400.0 100.0
Construction material Carbon Sacos 3.0 300.0 900.0
Construction material Piedrin balde/lata 3.0 50.0 150.0
Construction material Manguera de 2 pulg Rollo 0.5 4000.0 2000.0
Construction material Piedra m3 0.25 1000.0 250.0 100.0
Total costs for establishment of the Technology 8583.0
Total costs for establishment of the Technology in USD 257.75
If you are unable to break down the costs in the table above, give an estimation of the total costs of establishing the Technology:

257.75

If land user bore less than 100% of costs, indicate who covered the remaining costs:

Programa de gestión comunitaria de la cuenca del rió Dipilto

Comments:

La tecnologia es barata porque el protagonista asume mucho del costo de mano de obra y materiales.

4.5 Maintenance/ recurrent activities

Activity Timing/ frequency
1. Limpieza (Lavar los materiales) mensual
2. Cambiar el carbon anual
3. cambio de arena anual
4. Mantener limpio el biofiltro permanente
Comments:

Los materiales filtrantes son locales.

4.6 Costs and inputs needed for maintenance/ recurrent activities (per year)

Specify input Unit Quantity Costs per Unit Total costs per input % of costs borne by land users
Labour mano de obra para limpieza D/H 6.0 150.0 900.0 100.0
Construction material Carbon Sacos 3.0 300.0 900.0 100.0
Construction material Arena Blades/Latas 3.0 50.0 150.0 100.0
Total costs for maintenance of the Technology 1950.0
Total costs for maintenance of the Technology in USD 58.56
If you are unable to break down the costs in the table above, give an estimation of the total costs of maintaining the Technology:

58.56

Comments:

El mantenimiento es barato por que lo asume el protagonista

4.7 Most important factors affecting the costs

Describe the most determinate factors affecting the costs:

Solamente el costo de transporte de los materiales desde el mercado hasta la finca/hogar

5. Natural and human environment

5.1 Climate

Annual rainfall
  • < 250 mm
  • 251-500 mm
  • 501-750 mm
  • 751-1,000 mm
  • 1,001-1,500 mm
  • 1,501-2,000 mm
  • 2,001-3,000 mm
  • 3,001-4,000 mm
  • > 4,000 mm
Specify average annual rainfall (if known), in mm:

1300.00

Specifications/ comments on rainfall:

La cuenca tiene un rango de precipitacion pluvial entre 800-1800 mm anuales

Indicate the name of the reference meteorological station considered:

Comunidad Las manos (Erick Almendares) , Comunidad El Volcan (Guiillermo Montenegro)

Agro-climatic zone
  • sub-humid

5.2 Topography

Slopes on average:
  • flat (0-2%)
  • gentle (3-5%)
  • moderate (6-10%)
  • rolling (11-15%)
  • hilly (16-30%)
  • steep (31-60%)
  • very steep (>60%)
Landforms:
  • plateau/plains
  • ridges
  • mountain slopes
  • hill slopes
  • footslopes
  • valley floors
Altitudinal zone:
  • 0-100 m a.s.l.
  • 101-500 m a.s.l.
  • 501-1,000 m a.s.l.
  • 1,001-1,500 m a.s.l.
  • 1,501-2,000 m a.s.l.
  • 2,001-2,500 m a.s.l.
  • 2,501-3,000 m a.s.l.
  • 3,001-4,000 m a.s.l.
  • > 4,000 m a.s.l.
Indicate if the Technology is specifically applied in:
  • not relevant

5.3 Soils

Soil depth on average:
  • very shallow (0-20 cm)
  • shallow (21-50 cm)
  • moderately deep (51-80 cm)
  • deep (81-120 cm)
  • very deep (> 120 cm)
Soil texture (topsoil):
  • coarse/ light (sandy)
Soil texture (> 20 cm below surface):
  • coarse/ light (sandy)
Topsoil organic matter:
  • medium (1-3%)

5.4 Water availability and quality

Ground water table:

on surface

Availability of surface water:

good

Water quality (untreated):

good drinking water

Water quality refers to:

surface water

Is water salinity a problem?

No

Is flooding of the area occurring?

No

5.5 Biodiversity

Species diversity:
  • medium
Habitat diversity:
  • medium

5.6 Characteristics of land users applying the Technology

Sedentary or nomadic:
  • Sedentary
Market orientation of production system:
  • mixed (subsistence/ commercial)
Off-farm income:
  • less than 10% of all income
Relative level of wealth:
  • average
Individuals or groups:
  • individual/ household
Level of mechanization:
  • manual work
Gender:
  • women
Age of land users:
  • middle-aged

5.7 Average area of land used by land users applying the Technology

  • < 0.5 ha
  • 0.5-1 ha
  • 1-2 ha
  • 2-5 ha
  • 5-15 ha
  • 15-50 ha
  • 50-100 ha
  • 100-500 ha
  • 500-1,000 ha
  • 1,000-10,000 ha
  • > 10,000 ha
Is this considered small-, medium- or large-scale (referring to local context)?
  • small-scale

5.8 Land ownership, land use rights, and water use rights

Land ownership:
  • individual, titled
Land use rights:
  • individual
Water use rights:
  • communal (organized)
Are land use rights based on a traditional legal system?

Yes

Specify:

Dueño de la propiedad segun titulo y/o escritura publica

5.9 Access to services and infrastructure

health:
  • poor
  • moderate
  • good
education:
  • poor
  • moderate
  • good
technical assistance:
  • poor
  • moderate
  • good
employment (e.g. off-farm):
  • poor
  • moderate
  • good
markets:
  • poor
  • moderate
  • good
energy:
  • poor
  • moderate
  • good
roads and transport:
  • poor
  • moderate
  • good
drinking water and sanitation:
  • poor
  • moderate
  • good
financial services:
  • poor
  • moderate
  • good

6. Impacts and concluding statements

6.1 On-site impacts the Technology has shown

Socio-economic impacts

Water availability and quality

irrigation water availability

decreased
increased

irrigation water quality

decreased
increased

Socio-cultural impacts

health situation

worsened
improved
Comments/ specify:

No hay mosquitos, no moscas se reducen en poblaciones porque no hay ambiente donde reproducirse.

Ecological impacts

Water cycle/ runoff

water quantity

decreased
increased
Soil

soil moisture

decreased
increased
Biodiversity: vegetation, animals

Vegetation cover

decreased
increased

6.2 Off-site impacts the Technology has shown

reliable and stable stream flows in dry season

reduced
increased

groundwater/ river pollution

increased
reduced

6.4 Cost-benefit analysis

How do the benefits compare with the establishment costs (from land users’ perspective)?
Short-term returns:

positive

How do the benefits compare with the maintenance/ recurrent costs (from land users' perspective)?
Short-term returns:

positive

Long-term returns:

positive

6.5 Adoption of the Technology

  • 11-50%
If available, quantify (no. of households and/ or area covered):

426

Of all those who have adopted the Technology, how many did so spontaneously, i.e. without receiving any material incentives/ payments?
  • 0-10%
Comments:

Todos lo han hecho con el programa.

6.6 Adaptation

Has the Technology been modified recently to adapt to changing conditions?

Yes

other (specify):

De acuerdo a materiales disponibles

Specify adaptation of the Technology (design, material/ species, etc.):

La estructura se ha revestido de concreto, ladrillos de barro cosidos y bloques de cemento, si hay poco espacio se hace vertical sin perder las dimensiones y la posicion de los materiales filtrantes.

6.7 Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities of the Technology

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the land user’s view
Costos minimos en comparacion con los beneficios
Evitamos contaminacion
Mejor aprovechamiento del agua
Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view
Facil de construir
Es una tecnica sencilla, construida con materiales locales
Es una tecnologia orientada a enfrentar problema fuerte en las comunidades

6.8 Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks of the Technology and ways of overcoming them

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the land user’s view How can they be overcome?
El Carbon es un material que debe llevarse desde fjuera de la comunidad.
Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view How can they be overcome?
Hay que hacer fuerte enfasis en el mantenimiento del biofiltro Se propone elaborar un manual de construccion y mantenimiento del Biofiltro

7. References and links

7.1 Methods/ sources of information

  • field visits, field surveys

1

  • interviews with land users

1

  • interviews with SLM specialists/ experts

7

  • compilation from reports and other existing documentation

3

When were the data compiled (in the field)?

20/03/2019

7.2 References to available publications

Title, author, year, ISBN:

No aplica

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