Pasture and Livestock Management Plan [塔吉克斯坦]
- 创建:
- 更新:
- 编制者: Askarsho Zevarshoev
- 编辑者: –
- 审查者: Yacime Khadraoui, Maximilian Knoll, Joana Eichenberger
Накшаи Идоракунии Чорво ва Чарогох
approaches_3459 - 塔吉克斯坦
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全部展开 全部收起1. 一般信息
1.2 参与方法评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式
有助于对方法进行记录/评估的项目名称(如相关)
Environmental Land Management and Rural Livelihoods (ELMAR)有助于对方法进行记录/评估的机构名称(如相关)
Aga Khan Foundation (AKF) - 瑞士1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件
(现场)数据是什么时候汇编的?:
15/07/2014
编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:
是
1.4 SLM技术问卷的参考
![Rehabilitation of degraded pastures with alfalfa](/media/4e/0/4e0f255e-749c-45c1-bd99-250b1a8f7386.jpg)
Rehabilitation of degraded pastures with alfalfa [阿富汗]
Degraded pastures are restored with alfalfa through broad seeding method. The area is put under quarantine for three years to allow for the pasture to restore sufficiently.
- 编制者: Bettina Wolfgramm
2. SLM方法的描述
2.1 该方法的简要说明
"Pasture and Livestock Management Plan" is a participatory approach which is guiding pasture users, members of Pasture User Unions and Pasture User Groups to develop their action plan on pasture and livestock management. The approach brings together stakeholders, who are involved at any stage in pasture management or can contribute to or impede the implementation of the pasture livestock management plan.
2.2 该方法的详细说明
该方法的详细说明:
Pasture and Livestock Management Plan (PLMP) Approach is a participatory approach towards the development of a pasture plan with communities to ensure a sustainable use of pasture resources. It was especially designed for the needs of the Pasture User Union, a new structure allowed to establish at community level to implement better management of their pasture resources. Though a step-by-step analysis of the current situation a community will come up with detailed action plan for the following three years. The PLMP involves, but is not limited to, the establishment of a committee involved in preparation of the PLMP, as well as a stakeholder analysis and the determination of the carrying capacity of pasture resources by comparing the existing fodder resources and requirements for the fodder. Based on that analysis, an action plan will be developed with involvement of all stakeholders to reach an agreement on approaches and technologies to implement the interventions. The PLMP will lead to the development of the Action Plan based on the discussion between different stakeholders. In the process of the plan development with consideration of an expert a clear roles and responsibilities of all involved actors/stakeholder in a defined timeframe will be identified.
The main objectives is to support land users with development of actions, which contribute to the sustainable development of pasture resource and livestock development. The central focus is given to balance the need of the livestock owners to improve livestock productivity with compromising the environmental conditions for the next generations and ecosystem services. The planning process should contribute to better management of pasture lands, rehabilitation of degraded pastures, resolving any existing conflict over pasture use, awareness raising on the role of pasture land for ecosystem services and overall trends in development with regards to use and management of pasture resources.
The process is based on participatory methods with involvement of different stakeholders capturing main principles for land use planning. The process includes pasture users/livestock owners who are involved in day to day management of pasture lands, local government with related department to pasture use, land owners, different departments of local government such as forestry, land use committee, environmental protection etc.
The approach is conducted in three main stages: In the firs stage consultation with pasture users will be held to identify the need for development of a pasture plan. Then an inventory of all land resources, including pasture land and livestock numbers will be conducted. In the third stage a workshop will be conducted with involvement of all stakeholders, where the pasture plan will be developed. In the final stage of the pasture plan development an action plan with defined clear activities in a given frame and assigned responsible persons will be developed.
Land users, who also own livestock appreciate their involvement in the pasture development planning. They also like when their voice is taken into consideration in making any decision with regards to the pasture use.
2.3 该方法的照片
关于照片的一般说明:
Participants reflecting on the overall process of the PLMP approach with all steps involved starting with setting up objectives and principles, analysis of stakeholders up to development of action plan.
2.5 采用该方法的国家/地区/地点
国家:
塔吉克斯坦
区域/州/省:
Rasht Valley/Lakhsh District
有关地点的进一步说明:
PUUs established in Rasht Valley under ELMARLP
Map
×2.6 该方法的开始和终止日期
若不知道准确的年份,请注明该方法的大致开始日期。:
不到10年前(最近)
2.7 方法的类型
- 基于项目/方案
2.8 该方法的主要目的/目标
The main objective is to support land users with the development of actions, that contribute to the sustainable development of pasture resource and livestock development. The central focus is to balance the need of the livestock owners to improve livestock productivity without compromising the environmental conditions for next generations and ecosystem services. The planning process should contribute to better management of pasture lands, rehabilitation of degraded pastures, resolving any existing conflicts over pasture use, raise awareness on the role of pasture land for ecosystem services and overall trends in development with regards to use and management of pasture resources.
2.9 推动或妨碍实施本办法所适用的技术的条件
社会/文化/宗教规范和价值观
- 阻碍
Communities are used to an ad hoc use of natural resources and therefore sometime not willing to structured planning processes in terms of use of pasture resources.
财务资源和服务的可用性/可得性
- 阻碍
In the case that funding is not available from project side, it may hinder further implementation of the actions planned under the PLMP approach.
机构设置
- 启动
The PLMP approach is specifically designed for the PUU, which are legally registered institutes under the governmental law. This enables the process to run continously.
参与者的的协作/协调
- 启动
Depending on the leadership of the institutional structure, if well managed, it can enable collaboration among different stakeholders
- 阻碍
The newly established PUUs do not have enough power to influence the institutes in which stakeholders who are not interested in the sustainable use of pasture resources work hinder the planning process.
法律框架(土地使用权、土地和水使用权)
- 启动
mainly used by the PUUs, which are are functioning in the framework of state law
政策
- 启动
The plan is developed for the Pasture User Unions, which are legal structure responsible for pasture management at community level.
土地治理(决策、实施和执行)
- 启动
The approach will enable community members (PUUs) to become legal owners of the pasture resources according to the Pasture Law of the Republic of Tajikistan.
了解SLM,获得技术支持
- 启动
Experts in the field are supported technically by project consultants, several trainings on the process and approach are conducted for them.
3. 相关利益相关者的参与和角色
3.1 该方法涉及的利益相关者及其职责
- 当地土地使用者/当地社区
livestock owners and PUU members
involved in direct process development and implementation of the approach
- 社区组织
village organizations, pasture user unions
also registered in the framework of the state law and are represented in the PUU. mainly involved in mobilization of the community to participate in the development and implementation of the plan
- SLM专家/农业顾问
project consultants and technical staff
facilitate the process of developing the PLMP approach, capacity building on the approach for the members of PUU
- NGO
locally registered public organizations which are directly involved in the natural resource and environmental management
provide technical support to the community and land users; can also support with fundraising
- 私营部门
entrepreneurs at local level
co-funding of the implementation of some of the practices from the PLMP
- 地方政府
local level government (sub-district authority), land use committee, committee of environmental protection, agriculture department etc.,
as one of the main stakeholders responsible for management of natural resource; can also provide overall supervision of the approach development; PUUs for which the PLMP is developed: legal structure under the Pasture Law of the Republic of Tajikistan.
如果涉及多个利益相关者,请注明领导机构:
Land Commttee
3.2 当地土地使用者/当地社区参与该方法的不同阶段
当地土地使用者/当地社区的参与 | 指定参与人员并描述活动 | |
---|---|---|
启动/动机 | 外部支持 | livestock owners, PUU members; consultation with livestock owners, facilitation the process of establishment of PUUs |
计划 | 互动 | land users, PUU members, pasture experts |
实施 | 互动 | PUU members and expert from project; consultation with stakeholders, conduct workshop and development of the plan |
监测/评估 | 外部支持 | from project team and management of PUU |
3.4 有关SLM技术选择的决策
具体说明谁有权决定选择要实施的技术:
- 主要是SLM专家,咨询土地使用者之后
解释:
Mainly as a new approach, best practices from the WOCAT database were used by the SLM specialists to introduce to land users and traditional practices were also applied based on the knowledge of land users.
明确做出决策的依据:
- 对充分记录的SLM知识进行评估(基于证据的决策)
- 个人经验和意见(无记录)
4. 技术支持、能力建设和知识管理
4.1 能力建设/培训
是否为土地使用者/其他利益相关者提供培训?:
是
明确受训人员:
- 土地使用者
- 现场工作人员/顾问
培训形式:
- 在职
- 公开会议
涵盖的主题:
"Pasture and Livestock Management Plan" methodology, proposal development for fund raising, Environmental Land Management
4.2 咨询服务
土地使用者有权使用咨询服务吗?:
是
指明是否提供了咨询服务:
- 在土地使用者的土地上
说明/注释:
During the project period continuos visits were organized to the project site to review the progress and provide advisory service. The project implmentation team consisting of different experts, including pasture, environmental specialists and monitoring and evaluation experts.
4.3 机构强化(组织发展)
是否通过这种方法建立或加强了机构?:
- 是,非常
具体说明机构的强化或建立程度:
- 本地
说明机构、角色和职责、成员等。:
Pasture User Union was established at sub-district level.
具体说明支持类型:
- 财务
- 能力建设/培训
提供进一步细节:
Different technical and administrative trainings were provided and the PUU was funded with certain amount for implementation of the PLMP approach.
4.4 监测和评估
监测和评估是该方法的一部分吗?:
是
注释:
The final section of the PLMP is monitoring and evaluation. At each stage a responsible person among the stakeholders is assigned to conduct the plan implementation. In addition, the project team also conducts monitoring of the approach.
若是,该文件是否用于监测和评估?:
是
注释:
The implementing agency has a monitoring methodology, which will be used by the project team to conduct monitoring.
4.5 研究
研究是该方法的一部分吗?
否
5. 融资和外部物质支持
5.1 该方法中SLM组成部分的年度预算
如果不知道准确的年度预算,请给出一个范围:
- 2,000-10,000
注释(例如主要的资助来源/主要捐助者):
World Bank in the framework of ELMARL - Environmental Land Management and Rural Livelihood project
5.2 为土地使用者提供财政/物质支援
土地使用者是否获得实施该技术的财政/物质支持?:
否
5.3 对特定投入的补贴(包括劳动力)
- 无
如果土地使用者的劳动力是一项重要的投入,那么是不是:
- 自愿
注释:
This is traditional now and any project fund should be accompanied by contributions from communities, which is mainly labour on a voluntary basis
5.4 信用
是否根据SLM活动的方法给予信用值?:
否
5.5 其它激励或手段
是否有其他激励措施或工具用于促进SLM技术的实施?:
否
6. 影响分析和结论性陈述
6.1 方法的影响
该方法是否有助于当地土地使用者,提高利益相关者的参与度?:
- 否
- 是,很少
- 是,中等
- 是,支持力度很大
It directly helped them to identify their status and understand their right to land use.
该方法是否帮助土地使用者实施和维护SLM技术?:
- 否
- 是,很少
- 是,中等
- 是,支持力度很大
All technologies planned under the approach as part of their action plan were later financed by projects to implement.
after development of the pasture and livestock management plan the PUUs were supported financial from the ELMARL project to implement the plan
the plan is developed through conducted workshop with participation of all stakeholders, including land users, where they get opportunity to learn experiences of other stakeholders.
All stakeholders involved in the process including women and youth had an opportunity to make decisions in line with other stakeholders.
该方法是否缓解了冲突?:
- 否
- 是,很少
- 是,中等
- 是,支持力度很大
Roles and responsibilities identified all stakeholder and one of the objective to mitigate conflict brought under discussion conflict over pasture use and tried to solve it to some extent.
该方法是否有助于社会和经济弱势群体?:
- 否
- 是,很少
- 是,中等
- 是,支持力度很大
Women's role in livestock management was identified and empowered.
All stakeholders involved in the process including women and youth had an opportunity to make decisions in line with other stakeholders.
the approach give the land users/PUU members rights to become owner of the pasture under the Pasture Law of the Republic of Tajikistan
6.2 土地使用者实施SLM的主要动机
- 增加生产
- 减少土地退化
The rotation plan for rehabilitation of degraded pasture is applied.
- 降低灾害风险
Watershed approach was applied to ban grazing in some areas to prevent land slide and mudflow as a result of degradation.
- 规章制度(罚款)/执行
The plan does not set certain rules at this stage to enforce the regulation, but the community is planning to negotiate and set certain rules in case of not following the regulations to implement the plan.
6.3 方法活动的可持续性
土地使用者能否维持通过该方法实施的措施(无外部支持的情况下)?:
- 不确定
若否或不确定,请具体说明并予以注释:
depends on the availability of funding, leadership and support from other stakeholders, especially local government
6.4 该方法的长处/优点
土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会 |
---|
active participation in the development of the plan |
better understanding of the current situation with regards to pasture use and importance of pasture plan development |
编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会 |
---|
involvement of all stakeholders, especially land users and taking their knowledge and voice into consideration in decision making |
building of the knowledge and opening a platform for collaboration between different stakeholders interested in sustainable management of pasture resources |
6.5 该方法的弱点/缺点以及克服它们的方法
土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险 | 如何克服它们? |
---|---|
time consuming, requires resource in the short term | should be understand as a means of livelihoods and spend more time, improve understanding of better gain in a long term |
编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险 | 如何克服它们? |
---|---|
financial resources | should design longer term project to attract funding before the approach becomes self sustained |
low capacity of the stakeholders, | more trainings, sharing of experiences |
human resources | More focus should be given to younger generation to build their capacity and involve them in the approach development |
7. 参考和链接
7.1 方法/信息来源
- 实地考察、实地调查
6
- 与土地使用者的访谈
more than 50
- 与SLM专业人员/专家的访谈
5
- 根据报告和其他现有文档进行编译
3
7.2 参考可用出版物
标题、作者、年份、ISBN:
Pasture and Livestock Management Plan Manual
可以从哪里获得?成本如何?
Available upon request
7.3 链接到网络上可用的相关信息
标题/说明:
Pasture Management Networking Platform (PMNP)
URL:
https://pasture.klink.asia/dms/documents/groups/796?page=2
链接和模块
全部展开 全部收起链接
![Rehabilitation of degraded pastures with alfalfa](/media/4e/0/4e0f255e-749c-45c1-bd99-250b1a8f7386.jpg)
Rehabilitation of degraded pastures with alfalfa [阿富汗]
Degraded pastures are restored with alfalfa through broad seeding method. The area is put under quarantine for three years to allow for the pasture to restore sufficiently.
- 编制者: Bettina Wolfgramm
模块
无模块