1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

CESVI (CESVI) - 塔吉克斯坦

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

19/05/2011

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

The construction of a natural spring catchment pit for the collection and distribution of uncontaminated ground water.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

The technolgy consists of digging of a pit around the spring outlet and placing a 15cm perforated plastic pipe on a bed of gravel. The gravel acts as a natural sediment filter and protects the pipe from clogging. The pipe is buried in more gravel and covered with a plastic sheet to prevent animals from contaminating the spring source. The plastic pipe can be extended and attached to a flexible pipe to deliver clean ground water to the final destination.

Purpose of the Technology: There are two main aims of the technology, the first is to prevent contamination of the spring source from livestock which uses the spring head as a watering hole. The second goal is to optimise the springs capacity for irrigation and human consumption by capturing the water in the perforated pipe and channelling to the usage point.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: The construction of the spring catchment is relatively straight forward. A 1m deep pit is dug around the spring head approximately 2m wide. A bed of washed gravel is placed in the foot of the pit, and a 15cm perforated plastic pipe is embedded into the gravel, this is attached to a flexible tube to transport the clean water away. The perforated pipe is covered in more clean gravel and covered with a heavy polythene sheet and covered in earth. The construction process can be completed in one day if the materials are available.
The only substantial maintenance required would be the cleaning of the pipe and gravel if it gets clogged with earth.

Natural / human environment: In many parts of Tajikistan water for human use and irrigation is scarce and plays a critical role in securing the livelihoods of the local population. The construction of the spring catchment increases not only the volume but also improves the quality of water available. This can and does have a dramatic effect on the productivity of the land and the health of the land users.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 不到10年前（最近）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过项目/外部干预

注释（项目类型等）:

Spring Protection Project

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• improved access to water

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Lack of access to water. Contamination of the water due to animals using the spring.

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Provides a better cleaner source of water for the land and the people.

Plantation forestry: Fruit tree orchards.

Problems / comments regarding forest use: The spring is located in natural woodland, however the water supply is directed towards the fruit orchards.

Forest products and services: fuelwood, fruits and nuts, protection against natural hazards

Future (final) land use (after implementation of SLM Technology): Forests / woodlands: Fn: Natural

如果由于技术的实施而导致土地用途发生变化，则在技术实施前说明土地利的用途。:

Forests / woodlands: Fn: Natural

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

每年的生长季节数:

• 1

具体说明:

Longest growing period in days: 180Longest growing period from month to month: april - october

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 集水

3.5 技术传播

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 均匀地分布在一个区域

如果该技术均匀地分布在一个区域上，请注明覆盖的大致区域。:

• < 0.1 平方千米（10 公顷）

注释:

This technology is in one location.

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

Main measures: structural measures

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Main type of degradation addressed: Bc: reduction of vegetation cover, Hs: change in quantity of surface water, Hp: decline of surface water quality

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion, Wm: mass movements / landslides

Main causes of degradation: other natural causes (avalanches, volcanic eruptions, mud flows, highly susceptible natural resources, extreme topography, etc.) specify (The land degradation was caused by uncontrolled natural spring run off.)

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 防止土地退化
• 减少土地退化

注释:

Main goals: mitigation / reduction of land degradation

Secondary goals: prevention of land degradation

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

Basic sketch of perferated drainage collecting the spring water and flowing into a pipe. To take an increased quantity of water you can install more pipes (See section 2.1.3).

Location: Gulizor Nursary. Khovaling/Khatlo/Tajikistan

Date: 19/05/2011

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: high (After training to increase their capacity)

Technical knowledge required for land users: high (After training to increase their capacity)

Main technical functions: control of concentrated runoff: drain / divert, water harvesting / increase water supply

Diversion ditch/ drainage
Depth of ditches/pits/dams (m): 1
Width of ditches/pits/dams (m): 1.5
Length of ditches/pits/dams (m): 1.5

Construction material (earth): The spring head is dug into the earth.

Construction material (stone): The stone is used to line the base of the spring head.

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

TJS

注明美元与当地货币的汇率(如相关):1美元=:

4.5

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	Digging of the spring head	结构性的	Spring
2.	pipe positioning	结构性的	Spring
3.	Gravel positioning and covering with plastic sheet	结构性的	Spring
4.	Fill back the drainage	结构性的	Spring

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Digging of the spring head	Persons/day	2.0	25.0	50.0	100.0
劳动力	Pipe positioning	Persons/day	2.0	25.0	50.0	100.0
劳动力	Gravel positioning	Persons/day	2.0	25.0	50.0	100.0
劳动力	Fill back the drainage	Persons/day	2.0	25.0	50.0	100.0
设备	Tools	Pieces	4.0	10.0	40.0	100.0
设备	Drill	Pieces	1.0	250.0	250.0
施工材料	Drainage pipe	meter	10.0	1.5	15.0
施工材料	Stone	tons	0.5	136.0	68.0
施工材料	Plastic sheet to cover	sq m	1.5	5.333333	8.0
技术建立所需总成本					581.0

如果土地使用者负担的费用少于100%，请注明由谁负担其余费用:

CESVI

注释:

Duration of establishment phase: 1 month(s)

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	Cleaning the water channel after drainage	结构性的	Spring

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Cleaning the water channel	Persons/day	2.0	25.0	50.0	100.0
设备	Tools	Pieces	2.0	10.0	20.0	100.0
技术维护所需总成本					70.0

注释:

Machinery/ tools: Shovel

Costs are based upon one spring at a depth of 1m at 2010 prices.

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

The cost is determined by the depth of the spring head. If it needs to be deeper it requires additonal labour and material costs.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil fertility is low

Soil drainage / infiltration is medium

Soil water storage capacity is medium

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

关于水质和水量的注释和进一步规范:

Availability of surface water is good at the location of the spring, but medium where the water is needed for the lands.

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Land users applying the Technology are mainly Leaders / privileged

Population density: 10-50 persons/km2

Annual population growth: 1% - 2%

80% of the land users are poor.
20% of the land users are poor.

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 州

土地使用权:

• 社区（有组织）

用水权:

• 社区（有组织）

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

水资源可用性和质量

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

减少气候和灾害风险

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	气候变化/极端天气的类型	该技术是如何应对的？
年温度		增加	好

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

气象灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
局地暴雨	好
局地风暴	好

气候灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
干旱	好

水文灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
比较和缓的（河道）洪水	未知

其他气候相关的后果

其他气候相关的后果

	该技术是如何应对的？
缩短生长期	好

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

• 单例/实验

如若可行，进行量化（住户数量和/或覆盖面积）:

1 houshold

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发地采用该技术，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 0-10%

注释:

Comments on spontaneous adoption: In the course of the project 24 springs will be refurbished (2011-2013).

There is no trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: The technology is new and in its infancy.

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Pleased at the increase in water and ability to improve the yield of his crops.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Increased access to water through controlled piping. How can they be sustained / enhanced? Provision of guidance of which pipes to use.
Reduced the contamination at the spring head by animals.
It is quick and cheap to install. How can they be sustained / enhanced? provide further training and support on maintenance.
It is easy to teach people how to install it.

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Difficult at times to find good cheap plastic pipe.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
It incurs an initial financial outlay, which may be considerable if the spring is located far from where the water is needed.