1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

In Search of Common Ground

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Mbororo Social and Cultural Development Association (MBOSCUDA) - 喀麦隆

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

03/12/2018

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

1.5 请参阅有关SLM方法的问卷

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

This refers to collaboration between farmers who do crop farming and pastoralists/agro pastoralists who do extensive livestock farming, who agree to use the same land and related resources (crop residues by pastoralists and dung by crop farmers) in an alternating manner for their mutual benefits.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

Alliance farming is a farming partnership between pastoralists and a subsistence farmer on shared use of resources. They agree to use the same land and related resources in an alternating manner to grow crops and graze cattle (outside the crop growing season). It is an outcome of the conflict mediation process where cattle are allowed to graze on cropland after harvest. The cattle consume crop residues and weed (fresh grass) on the farm and they produce dung and urine that increase the nitrogen content and the organic matter of soil, which enhance its fertility and make it more productive when crop farmers return to cultivate their crops. The cultivated crops are mostly annuals like maize, beans, soybeans and groundnuts while cattle are mostly beef zebu cattle. There exists several variants of this technology : 1) Farmer constructs night paddock in farmland and invites pastoralists to kraal their animals in the paddock overnight, 2) Farmer goes and arranges with pastoralist in grazing land to farm on areas where animals have been held overnight and so he has to build a fence, 3) In communities where transhumance is common, farmer allows pastoralist to graze his cattle on crop residues remaining after harvest, 4) Pastoralist allows farmer to collect dung and apply it in their farms. Contracts for the most part are verbal and non-written and each party counts on the good conscience and faith of the other.

2.3 技术照片

2.4 技术视频

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

注明实施年份:

2011

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 不到10年前（最近）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 作为传统系统的一部分（> 50 年）
• 通过项目/外部干预

注释（项目类型等）:

Some aspects of this technology were already in practise in the region over the decades but due the facilitation of Mbororo Social and Cultural Development Association (MBOSCUDA) this technology is being adopted now by many locals

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 改良生产
• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化
• 保护生态系统
• 结合其他技术保护流域/下游区域
• 创造有益的社会影响

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

如果由于技术的实施而导致土地用途发生变化，则在技术实施前说明土地利的用途。:

Land use is changing due to the use of this technology but this land use change is principally driven by the increasing demographics. Through the use of this technology much more rangelands is being cultivated for crop production

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

注释:

This is a very low-input land use.

每年的生长季节数:

• 1

具体说明:

Usually one growing season.

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 畜牧业和牧场管理
• 农畜综合管理
• 土壤肥力综合管理

3.5 技术传播

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 适用于特定场所/集中在较小区域

注释:

Presently common in pilot villages/communities.

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 减少土地退化
• 修复/恢复严重退化的土地

注释:

Some degraded land is being rehabilitated as pastoralists do invite farmers to come farm in the rangelands which have been invaded by braken fern. By tilling of the soil and removing the rhizomes in them, the spread of the invasive species is being put to check.

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

• Alliance farming is an advanced outcome of the conflict mediation process whereby cattle are allowed to graze on crop lands after harvest.
• They consume crop residue and weeds (fresh grass).
• When the land is used to paddock cattle, their manure and urine fertilize the soil making it more productive when the crop farmers return to cultivate their crops.
• Crops are planted on this piece of land once the cattle are taken away.

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本和投入是如何计算的:

• 每个技术区域

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

FCFA

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	Farmer harvests annual crop e.g. maize, beans	农业学的	At the end of growing season which is usually in October
2.	Farmer invites pastoralist to bring herd to graze off crop residues	管理	After harvest of crops in Octor ending
3.	Cattle graze on crop residues and weeds on farm	其它措施	During grazing in the dry season by mid November
4.	Dung and faeces passed out by animal increases N content of soil	其它措施	During grazing mostly in the dry season mid November to mid March
5.	Pastoralist takes animals away from farm	管理	At the beginning of the rains in mid March
6.	Farmer then returns to till soil and plant annual crops in the field	农业学的	At the beginning of the growing season by mid March

注释:

This is actually a low input technology.

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

如果土地使用者负担的费用少于100%，请注明由谁负担其余费用:

Land users bore all of the costs

注释:

A low input technology.

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	n.a.

注释:

There are no maintenance costs.

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

如果土地使用者负担的费用少于100%，请注明由谁负担其余费用:

n.a.

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

The only costs pertain to herding the animal to farmer's farm which is done by pastoralist or his a herder he has paid

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

说明该技术是否专门应用于:

• 不相关

5.3 土壤

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

水的盐度有问题吗？:

否

该区域正在发生洪水吗？:

否

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

The land users are predominantly resource poor livestock and crop farmers.

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 社区/村庄
• 个人，未命名

土地使用权:

• 自由进入（无组织）
• 租赁

用水权:

• 自由进入（无组织）
• 社区（有组织）

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

土壤

生物多样性:植被、动物

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

有关影响评估的意见:

n.a.

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	气候变化/极端天气的类型	该技术是如何应对的？
年降雨量		减少	不好
季雨量	湿季/雨季	减少	不好

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

气象灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
局地暴雨	不好
局地雹灾	不好

气候灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
热浪	不好
干旱	不好
陆地火灾	不好

水文灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
比较和缓的（河道）洪水	不好

生物灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
昆虫/蠕虫侵扰	不好

注释:

Growth of the crops most especially will be affected by climate change events such as droughts or too much rainfall. The crops are C4 crops and so will get very little benefits predicted rise in temperatures associated with climate change.

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

• 单例/实验

如若可行，进行量化（住户数量和/或覆盖面积）:

More than 800 alliance farming pairs have been facilitated by this process.

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发地采用该技术，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 0-10%

注释:

Farmers have not received any incentives from project in order to adopt this.

6.6 适应

最近是否对该技术进行了修改以适应不断变化的条件？:

否

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Technology leads to increase crop yields because of the improved soil fertility.
Technology leads to improved crop quality because of the use of organic manure and less chemicals fertilizers. The use of chemical fertilisers can lead to leaching of inorganic nutrients in to ground water and also eutrophication of water bodies
It has led to stronger social relationships between farmers and pastoralists.
Invasive species such as Ptylidium aquilinium (braken fern) that has invaded rangelands is being controlled. Tilling of the farms is a mechanical method of stopping its growth and spread.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
More productive use of land than when two land uses were separate.
More environmentally friendly since organic manure is being used.

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
The ratio of pastoralists to farmers is really low (about 1:6) meaning that there are not many pastoralists to form Alliance Farming pairs with willing farmers.	Increasing herd sizes to ensure more production of manure could alleviate this problem.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Agreements are verbal.	Formalizing the contracts.
Some variants of the technology for example that in which pastoralists allow farmers to collect dung to go farm in another area may lead to nutrient export. The dung does not contribute to improve the fertility of the soil where it was collected but does so at a different site where farming will take place. There is no net loss of nutrients in the whole system though.	Transportation of dung to different site should be discouraged. Farming should take place as much as possible on the farm that supplied crops residue to feed the animals

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

MBOSCUDA Searchlight Magazine Vols 1, 2,3. 2014, 2015, 2016

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

Free copies

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Blasius Azuhnwi and Fiona Flintan (2017)- Making Rangelands Secure, Issue Paper 8, Rangelands Series

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

From ILC Rome for free

7.3 链接到网络上可用的相关信息

标题/说明:

n.a.