1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

Decision Support for Mainstreaming and Scaling out Sustainable Land Management (GEF-FAO / DS-SLM)

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Land Development Department LDD (Land Development Department LDD) - 泰国

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

注释:

This is the main technology supporting organic farming which is the process accepted by the whole world because it concerns the food stability and security.

1.5 参考关于SLM方法（使用WOCAT记录的SLM方法）的调查问卷

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

The organic farming was initiated by a group of Yasothon farmers since 1989 to produce organic rice and vegetables. The organic fertilizers used are the compost made from farm products and animal dungs, bio-fermented liquid from kitchen wastes and crotalaria as green manure.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

Organic farming has become a national agenda with cross collaboration among government organizations concerned, local community administration, private sectors and farmers. This technology has scaled up to 253 farmers on 6,000 rai (6.25 rai = 1 ha) at Ban Sokkompoon, Naso Sub-district, Kutchum District, Yasothon Province. The information has been received from Mr. Man Samsee, chief of the community and a farmer himself. The organic fertilizers used in the farmers’ fields are the compost from farm products and animal dungs, bio-fermented liquid from kitchen wastes, fermented liquid from neem (Azadirachta indica) for pest control, and green manure from Crotalaria juncia. The crops grown have been rice and vegetables, medicinal herbs and sesame, which are certified as organic products; they command higher prices (more than 20%). Compost is the main organic fertilizer compared to others.
The objectives of organic farming are to produce organic crops, improve soil fertility, reduce wastes for friendly environment, get higher income and enhance good health for both producers and consumers. The procedure of making compost: The materials used for making compost are 1,000 kg of burnt rice husk, 3,000 kg of cattle manure/poultry manure, 3,000 kg of farm residues, 1,000 kg of coarse bran, 500 kg of fine bran, 1,000 kg of rice husk and 500 liters of organic-fermented liquid, all being thoroughly mixed by using a tractor. The allocation of compost: an amount of 300 kg of compost (20 bags) is given to each member to ferment at the farm by turning the bags occasionally before applying to a 3-rai land. There are several government organizations and private sectors that support this community of farmers, and a learning center was thus established. Up to now, the Land Development Department has been providing the knowledge of making compost and bio-fertilizer liquid; It also has been distributing green mature seeds and activators of bacteria and fungi. The Department of Agricultural Extension provided funding to establish the learning and training center and to produce materials used for training together with private sectors under CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility). The Cooperative Promotion Department supported by keeping household accounts. The local community administration set up several market places and promoted the products to be purchased by hospitals and restaurants. The organic crop products have been certified by OACT (Organic Agriculture Certification of Thailand) and IFOAM (International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements). The Department of Groundwater provided groundwater by drilling holes at 30-40 m deep. The Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency provided solar cells as the source of energy. The noticeable benefit of organic farming is that farmers have better health, the soil has become more fertile and the expenditure decreased. The farmers have been satisfied of their own lifestyle and did not migrate to the city. They have been committed to developing their land by using organic fertilizers continuously. The average income has increased from 7,500 THB/rai to 12,000 THB/rai. The main problem has been the transportation of the organic fertilizers which are bulky, but it can be overcome by producing them on site where needed.

2.3 技术照片

2.4 技术视频

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

注明实施年份:

1989

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 10-50年前

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过土地使用者的创新

• The land user got knowledge from training abroad.

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 改良生产
• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化
• 创造有益的经济影响

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

同一土地单元内混合使用的土地：:

否

3.3 由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？

由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？:

• 否（继续问题3.4）

同一土地单元内混合使用的土地：:

否

3.4 供水

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

注释:

The rainfall in this area was 1,562 mm/yr in 30-year period (1981-2010).

3.5 该技术所属的SLM组

• 农畜综合管理
• 改良的地面/植被覆盖
• 土壤肥力综合管理

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

The land degradation has been caused by man, e.g. deforestation, the overuse of agricultural chemical substances.

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 防止土地退化
• 减少土地退化

注释:

The organic fertilizer/ compost could improve soil structure, reduce bulk density, increase soil aeration, easy to plough, decrease the hard pan and spread out the plant roots. Consequently, plant roots could absorb more nutrients.

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本和投入是如何计算的:

• 每个技术区域

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

THB

如相关，注明美元与当地货币的汇率（例如1美元=79.9巴西雷亚尔）：1美元=:

32.0

4.3 技术建立活动

	活动	时间（季度）
1.	Gathering the materials	December-April
2.	Making compost	December-April
3.	Applying to paddy field	May-June

注释:

The kinds of materials may differ according to the amount of residues at that time.

4.4 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Labour for making compost	Man-day	8.0	300.0	2400.0
设备	Tractor	hour	2.5	1250.0	3125.0
设备	Transportation cost	hour	1.5	350.0	525.0
植物材料	Animal manures, burned rice husk, bran	kg	10000.0	0.655	6550.0
技术建立所需总成本					12600.0
技术建立总成本，美元					393.75

如果土地使用者负担的费用少于100%，请注明由谁负担其余费用:

Naso Rice Farmer Group

4.5 维护/经常性活动

	活动	时间/频率
1.	Turn the compost bags during fermentation process.	Every week until 75 days

4.6 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Turn the compost bags during fermentation process	Day	1.0	300.0	300.0
技术维护所需总成本					300.0
技术维护总成本，美元					9.38

如果土地使用者负担的费用少于100%，请注明由谁负担其余费用:

Land Development Department

4.7 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

Most of the costs depend on raw material price and wages cost (both labour and equipment)

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

说明该技术是否专门应用于:

• 不相关

5.3 土壤

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

水的盐度有问题吗？:

否

该区域正在发生洪水吗？:

否

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者使用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 个人，有命名

土地使用权:

• 自由进入（无组织）

用水权:

• 个人

土地使用权是否基于传统的法律制度？:

是

注释:

The land owners have full right in their land, so they are able to manage and develop their land.

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

生物多样性:植被、动物

减少气候和灾害风险

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	增加或减少	该技术是如何应对的？
年温度		增加	适度
季节性温度	夏季	增加	适度
季节性温度	湿季/雨季	增加	适度
年降雨量		增加	适度

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

气象灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
局地暴雨	适度
局地雷暴	适度
局地雹灾	适度

气候灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
干旱	适度

生物灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
流行病	适度
昆虫/蠕虫侵扰	适度

其他气候相关的后果

其他气候相关的后果

	该技术是如何应对的？
延长生长期	适度
缩短生长期	适度

注释:

The changes of environment have rather low effects to organic fertilizer production technology.

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

注释:

There are no maintenance expenses on this technology because it is consumable.

6.5 技术采用

• 单例/实验

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发的，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 51-90%

6.6 适应

最近是否对该技术进行了修改以适应不断变化的条件？:

是

其它（具体说明）:

changing upon materials in the local area

具体说明技术的适应性（设计、材料/品种等）:

The materials for making compost might be changed; for example, filter cake might be changed to water hyacinth or other aqua weeds.

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
The organic fertilizers are suitable for soil improvement, thus increasing soil fertility.
The use of organic fertilizers can reduce the use of chemical fertilizers.
It is a wise alternative to use agricultural residues to obtain more benefits.
Develop bargaining power to sell the products.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
The farmers have high leadership and high self-reliance.
The farmers have multi-knowledge which can be adapted to the farm activities.
The organic fertilizer is the key factor for organic farming.
The organic fertilizer can promote the utilization of local residues sustainably.

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
The organic fertilizer transportation is a hard work.	The organic fertilizer can be produced in paddy fields.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Some farmers do not have the confidence in using organic fertilizer.	Responsible persons are urged to do more in the matter of technology transfer to effectively increase the understanding of farmers.

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Organic fertilizer, production, using, and quality. Department of Agriculture. 2005. ISBN 974-436-479-3

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

http://aglib.doa.go.th/lib/images/Downloads/2549/EB00280.pdf

7.3 链接到网络上的相关信息

标题/说明:

Organic fertilizer, production, using, and quality. Department of Agriculture. 2005. ISBN 974-436-479-3

URL:

http://aglib.doa.go.th/lib/images/Downloads/2549/EB00280.pdf

7.4 一般注释

where the land is greener : WOCAT