1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

03/09/2003

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Stone walls placed downslope in an inclined manner having embankment of soil on upstream along the contour line having tieridge.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

Description: Along the contour 30 cm width and 420 cm depth of foundation is excavated and stones are cplaced upto a height of 0.5-0.75 with 1 m width and 30 cm top width. On the uper side embankment soil is added and a basin with 5-10 m tie is excavated. Purpose: To reduce soil erosion, shorten slope length and retain soil moisture. Establishment/Maintenance: Integrate with biological SWC activities, Farmers maintain Environment: Enhance vegetation growth, improve micro-climate, decrease land degradation

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 不到10年前（最近）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过项目/外部干预

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Soil erosion, deforestation, overgrazing, decline of fertility, low moisture holding capacity

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Low productivity, low rainfall, soil erosion, deforestation

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

注释:

Water supply: Also rainfed, mixed rainfed - irrigated

Water supply: post-flooding

每年的生长季节数:

• 1

具体说明:

Longest growing period in days: 150 Longest growing period from month to month: Jul - Dec Second longest growing period in days: 120 Second longest growing period from month to month: Jun - Oct

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 横坡措施

3.5 技术传播

注释:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 327.53 m2.

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Main type of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion, Wg: gully erosion / gullying

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Wr: riverbank erosion

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 防止土地退化
• 减少土地退化

注释:

Secondary goals: rehabilitation / reclamation of denuded land

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: high

Technical knowledge required for land users: moderate

Main technical functions: control of dispersed runoff: retain / trap, control of dispersed runoff: impede / retard, control of concentrated runoff: retain / trap, reduction of slope angle, reduction of slope length, increase of infiltration

Mixed cropping / intercropping
Material/ species: Teff and sun flower
Remarks: direct sowing

Aligned: -contour
Vegetative material: T : trees / shrubs, G : grass
Number of plants per (ha): 1000/ha
Vertical interval between rows / strips / blocks (m): 1
Spacing between rows / strips / blocks (m): 15-20
Vertical interval within rows / strips / blocks (m): 0.5-1

Trees/ shrubs species: Leucanea, sasbanea

Grass species: local grasses

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 12.00%

If the original slope has changed as a result of the Technology, the slope today is (see figure below): 3.00%

Bund/ bank: level
Vertical interval between structures (m): 1
Spacing between structures (m): 60-80m
Depth of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0.1m
Width of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0.5m
Height of bunds/banks/others (m): 0.5-0.75mm
Width of bunds/banks/others (m): 1m
Length of bunds/banks/others (m): 60-80m

Construction material (earth): none clay and sandy soils

Construction material (stone): medium sized stone

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 12%

Vegetation is used for stabilisation of structures.

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

Birr

注明美元与当地货币的汇率(如相关):1美元=:

8.6

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	Seedling production	植物性的	Dec-June
2.	Pitting	植物性的	May
3.	Planting	植物性的	July
4.	Survey & layout	结构性的	January
5.	Fundation excavation	结构性的	February-April
6.	Stone collection	结构性的	February-April
7.	Construction and digging the basin and put the soil at the upper side of the bund	结构性的	February-April
8.	Forming farmers groups	管理
9.	Discussion among group members	管理
10.	Plan of activities	管理
11.	Implementation of measures	管理
12.	Guarding	管理

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Labour	ha	1.0	109.4	109.4	100.0
设备	Tools	ha	1.0	10.0	10.0	100.0
植物材料	Seeds	ha	1.0	9.4	9.4	100.0
植物材料	Fertilizer	ha	1.0	33.75	33.75	100.0
其它	Person days	ha	1.0	66.9	66.9	100.0
技术建立所需总成本					229.45

注释:

Duration of establishment phase: 60 month(s)

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	Contour plowing	农业学的	April-may / 3 times
2.	Enrichment planting	植物性的	August /annual
3.	Weeding and cultivating	植物性的	September /annual
4.	Stone collection	结构性的	January/annual
5.	Construction	结构性的	January/annual
6.	Planting/replanting	管理
7.	Implementing water harvesting measures	管理

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Labour	ha	1.0	10.9	10.9	100.0
技术维护所需总成本					10.9

注释:

Length of structure and number of seedlings

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

steep slope, transport for construction materials (stone), dry soils (land), shallow soils.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

Altitudinal zone: 1000-2500 m a.s.l.
Landforms: Also mountain- and hill slopes
Slopes on average: Also hilly and moderate

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil texture: Also medium (ranked 2) and fine/heavy (ranked 3)
Soil fertility is low-medium
Soil drainage/infiltration is good-poor
Soil water storage capacity is low-high

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Population density: 50-100 persons/km2
Annual population growth: 2% - 3%; 3%
80% of the land users are average wealthy and own 80% of the land.
15% of the land users are poor and own 15% of the land.
5% of the land users are poor and own 5% of the land.
Off-farm income specification: Employed as daily labourer for weeding, plowing and harvesting.
Market orientation is subsistence (the area is drought prone and production is very low)

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 州

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

生物多样性:植被、动物

其它生态影响

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发地采用该技术，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 90-100%

注释:

100% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

98328 land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

There is a little trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: Especially the maintenance of the structure is done by individuals holding the land

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Increase production How can they be sustained / enhanced? Cut and carry, area closure, Integrating physical SWC measures with biological SWC measures.
Availability of water near byareas How can they be sustained / enhanced? Water harvesting structures and practices
Animal feed increased How can they be sustained / enhanced? Planting fodder trees and grasses

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
It conserves soil How can they be sustained / enhanced? The work has to be continued in organized way.
It conserves moisture How can they be sustained / enhanced? Include contour cultivation and other methods enhancing the soil moisture build up.
Increase production How can they be sustained / enhanced? Integration of biological measures use of manure and other fertility improving measures.
Enhancing spring development How can they be sustained / enhanced? Practice more water retaining measures upslopes

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
It reduces cultivated land	Make the land productive by integrating with biological SWC measures, planting grass on the bund
It creates problem in farm activities	Design the structure in such a way that it can not create problem for farming.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
It takes land	By integrating with biological measures make the land productive.
In some places hinder farm operation	Increase width of cultivable strips