1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

DESIRE (EU-DES!RE)

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

Book project: Water Harvesting – Guidelines to Good Practice (Water Harvesting)

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Commissariats Régionaux au Développement Agricole (CRDA) - 突尼斯

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Institut des Régions Arides de Médenine (Institut des Régions Arides de Médenine) - 突尼斯

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

1.5 参考关于SLM方法（使用WOCAT记录的SLM方法）的调查问卷

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

A recharge well comprises a drilled hole, up to 30-40 m deep that reaches the water table, and a surrounding filter used to allow the direct injection of floodwater into the aquifer.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

The main worldwide used methods to enhance groundwater replenishment are through recharge basins or recharge wells. Though groundwater recharge aiming at storage of water in the periods of abundance for recovery in times of drought has a long history dating back millennia, the recharge wells began to be used only in the twentieth century, especially during the Second World War following concerns on attacks of the water supply facilities. Its use was extended later to sea intrusion control, treated waste water, water harvesting in the dry areas, and strategic water storage.

Purpose of the Technology: Recharge wells are used in combination with gabion check dams to enhance the infiltration of floodwater into the aquifer. In areas where the permeability of the underlying bedrock in front of a gabion is judged too low, recharge wells could be installed in wadi (ephemeral river) beds. Water is retained by the gabion check dam and it flows through the recharge well allowing accelerated percolation into the aquifer.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: A recharge well consists of a long inner tube surrounded by an outer tube, the circumference of which ranges between 1 and 2 m. The area between the tubes is filled with river bed gravel which acts as a sediment filter. Water enters the well through rectangular-shaped openings (almost 20 cm long and a few mm in width) located in the outer tube, and it flows in the inner hole having passed through the gravel and the rectangular shaped openings of the dill hole. The above-ground height is around 2 to 3 m whereas the depth is linked to the depth of the water table (normally up to 40 m). The drill hole connects directly with the aquifer, where it is connected either directly with the water table or indirectly via cracks. Pond volume is dependent on the size of the gabion check dam but generally ranges between 500 and 3000 m3. The filtered water can directly flow into the aquifer at a rate exceeding what would occur naturally through the soil and the underlying strata.
The design should be conducted primarily by a hydrogeologist and a soil and water conservation specialist in order to determine the potential sites and the required drilling equipment. Drilling needs to be carried out by a specialized company.
Depending on the geological setting, the overall cost is around 5000 to 10000 US$. The recharge wells are used to recharge the deep groundwater aquifers, which are mainly exploited by government agencies. However, private irrigated farms are benefiting indirectly by increased groundwater availability.

Natural / human environment: This technique has been first tried for the replenishment of the Zeuss-Koutine aquifer (south east Tunisia).

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 10-50年前

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过项目/外部干预

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化
• 结合其他技术保护流域/下游区域
• 创造有益的经济影响

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

同一土地单元内混合使用的土地：:

是

具体说明混合土地使用（作物/放牧/树木）:

• 农牧业（包括农牧结合）

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Runoff water loss, riverbank erosion, flooding risk, aridity

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): water loss

Constraints of wadi beds

3.3 由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？

由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？:

• 否（继续问题3.4）

3.4 供水

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

3.5 该技术所属的SLM组

• 集水
• 地下水管理

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

Main measures: structural measures

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Main type of degradation addressed: Ha: aridification

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Wr: riverbank erosion, Wo: offsite degradation effects, Hq: decline of groundwater quality

Main causes of degradation: over abstraction / excessive withdrawal of water (for irrigation, industry, etc.)

Secondary causes of degradation: disturbance of water cycle (infiltration / runoff), Heavy / extreme rainfall (intensity/amounts)

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 防止土地退化
• 减少土地退化

注释:

Main goals: prevention of land degradation

Secondary goals: mitigation / reduction of land degradation

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

TND

如相关，注明美元与当地货币的汇率（例如1美元=79.9巴西雷亚尔）：1美元=:

1.3

4.3 技术建立活动

	活动	时间（季度）
1.	Drilling
2.	Installation

4.4 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Labour	ha	1.0	7000.0	7000.0
施工材料		ha	1.0	1000.0	1000.0
技术建立所需总成本					8000.0
技术建立总成本，美元					6153.85

注释:

Duration of establishment phase: 3 month(s)

4.5 维护/经常性活动

	活动	时间/频率
1.	Desilting of the filter	Ounce in 1-3years (floods)
2.	Repairs

4.6 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Labour	ha	1.0	500.0	500.0
施工材料		ha	1.0	100.0	100.0
技术维护所需总成本					600.0
技术维护总成本，美元					461.54

4.7 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

Labour is the most determining factor affecting the costs.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

说明该技术是否专门应用于:

• 不相关

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil fertility is very low
Soil drainage / infiltration is medium
Soil water storage is medium

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

水的盐度有问题吗？:

是

该区域正在发生洪水吗？:

是

规律性:

偶然

关于水质和水量的注释和进一步规范:

Seasonal fluctuations: Availability of surface water is poor/none but with periods of excess (e.g. flood)

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Population density: 10-50 persons/km2
Annual population growth: 0.5% - 1%
70% of the land users are average wealthy and own 75% of the land.

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者使用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 州

土地使用权:

• 社区（有组织）

用水权:

• 社区（有组织）

注释:

The recharge wells are used to recharge the deep groundwater aquifers which are mainly exploited by the government agencies. However, private irrigated farms could benefit indirectly, by increased groundwater availability.

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

水资源可用性和质量

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

其它生态影响

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	增加或减少	该技术是如何应对的？
年温度		增加	好

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

气象灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
局地暴雨	好
局地风暴	好

气候灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
干旱	好

其他气候相关的后果

其他气候相关的后果

	该技术是如何应对的？
缩短生长期	好
extreme floods	不好

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

注释:

Long-term benefits are slightly reduced due to silting problems.

6.5 技术采用

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发的，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 0-10%

注释:

Comments on acceptance with external material support: It is solely constrcuted by the government agencies.

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Replenishment of the aquifer How can they be sustained / enhanced? Good selection of the site and drilling methods

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Enhance groundwater level and quality (reduce salinity)

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Retain water for dowstreams users	Proper watershed management plan

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Silting up of the filter	Maintenance of the filters.
Malfunction due to aquifer geometry and characteristics	Good selection of the sites

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Yahyaoui, H., Ouessar, M. 2000. Abstraction and recharge impacts on the ground water in the arid regions of Tunisia: Case of Zeuss-Koutine water table. UNU Desertification Series, 2: 72-78.

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

IRA, CRDA-Medenine, UNU

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Yahyaoui, H., Chaieb, H., Ouessar, M. 2002. Impact des travaux de conservation des eaux et des sols sur la recharge de la nappe de Zeuss-Koutine (Médenine: Sud-est tunisien). TRMP paper n° 40, Wageningen University, The Netherlands, pp: 71-86.

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

IRA, Wegeningen University (NL),

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Temmerman, S. 2004. Evaluation of the efficiency of recharge wells on the water supply to the water table in South Tunisia. Graduation dissertation, Ghent University, Belgium.

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

IRA, Gent University (BE)

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Genin, D., Guillaume, H., Ouessar, M., Ouled Belgacem, A., Romagny, B., Sghaier, M., Taamallah, H. (eds) 2006. Entre la désertification et le développement : la Jeffara tunisienne. CERES, Tunis, 351 pp.

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

IRA, IRD

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Ouessar M. 2007. Hydrological impacts of rainwater harvesting in wadi Oum Zessar watershed (Southern Tunisia). Ph.D. thesis, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium, 154 pp.

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

IRA, Gent University (BE)