1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

It is a raised wall constructed across a stream/gully using stone, concrete and/or gabion for dual purpose, namely, to pond/store the stream flow behind it for irrigation purpose while at the same time reducing the runoff velocity and enhancing gully rehabilitation.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

A check dam pond is a raised wall constructed across a gully from stone, concrete and/or gabion to store water behind it for irrigation purpose using either gravity or lifting mechanism. The structure generally consists of construction of foundation, apron, retaining wall and the checkdam. The width of the checkdam ranges between 1 - 2 m while the height varies between 1 - 2 m depending up on the gully depth. The length of the checkdam depends on the gully width. The spacing between adjacent checkdams is determined based on two factors, namely, the gradient of the river bed and the availability of potential land that can be irrigated. It is also provided with a number of sluice gates which will be removed during the main rainy season to minimize siltation.

Purpose of the Technology: In addition to storing water for irrigation, check dam ponds decrease slope length, slope angle, runoff velocity and minimize soil erosion.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: Establishment of a check dam pond starts with collection and transportation of stone and sand. The construction is started by setting out the dimensions from the design on the selected site and excavating the foundation for the different parts, namely, key trench, apron and retaining wall. The check dam is then constructed using gabions filled with stones and tightly tied together with wire. Finally the superstructure is plastered using mortar to prevent the passage of water through the body. Gates of about 1 m wide are finally constructed at about 1 m interval and fitted with sluice gates. Maintenance usually involves fixing damaged gates and reinforcing gabions.

Natural / human environment: Check dam pond is implemented in gentle (2 - 5%) and moderate (5 - 8%) slopes and in medium and light soil types of at least 1 m depth. It increases water availability for irrigation and livestock consumption purposes. It also reduces runoff velocity thereby decreasing soil erosion and enhancing gully rehabilitation.

It requires skilled labour and high construction cost. As a result, it is constructed through external support. However, the number of communities seeking for external support and willing to contribute their share is at the rise. The technology minimizes greatly the risk of crop failure and improves the livelihood of the land users.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

国家:

埃塞俄比亚

区域/州/省:

Tigray

有关地点的进一步说明:

Kilite Awlaelo

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 均匀地分布在一个区域

如果不知道精确的区域，请注明大致覆盖的区域:

• 1-10 平方千米

Map

×

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 不到10年前（最近）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过项目/外部干预

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

农田

• 一年一作

年作 - 具体指明作物:

• 谷类 - 大麦
• 谷物类 - 玉米
• 蔬菜 - 根茎类蔬菜（胡萝卜、洋葱、甜菜等）

• tomatoes, wheat, teff

每年的生长季节数:

• 2

具体说明:

Longest growing period in days: 150Longest growing period from month to month: June - NovemberSecond longest growing period in days: 105Second longest growing period from month to month: January - April

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Deforestation and overgrazing, high erosion risk, gully formation and land loss, decline in productivity.

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Population pressure, deforestation, flood, soil erosion, reduced productivity.

3.4 供水

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 混合雨水灌溉

3.5 该技术所属的SLM组

• 集水
• 灌溉管理（包括供水、排水）
• 地表水管理（泉、河、湖、海）

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

结构措施

• S6：墙、障碍物、栅栏、围墙

注释:

Main measures: structural measures

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

土壤水蚀

• Wt：表土流失/地表侵蚀
• Wg：冲沟侵蚀/沟蚀
• Wm：块体运动/滑坡
• Wo：场外劣化效应

注释:

Main type of degradation addressed: Wg: gully erosion / gullying

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion, Wm: mass movements / landslides, Wo: offsite degradation effects

Main causes of degradation: deforestation / removal of natural vegetation (incl. forest fires), Heavy / extreme rainfall (intensity/amounts), other natural causes (avalanches, volcanic eruptions, mud flows, highly susceptible natural resources, extreme topography, etc.) specify (Steep topography that increases amount and velocity of flood), population pressure

Secondary causes of degradation: crop management (annual, perennial, tree/shrub), over-exploitation of vegetation for domestic use, overgrazing, floods, land tenure, poverty / wealth, education, access to knowledge and support services

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 减少土地退化
• 修复/恢复严重退化的土地

注释:

Main goals: mitigation / reduction of land degradation

Secondary goals: rehabilitation / reclamation of denuded land

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

技术规范（与技术图纸相关）:

Check dam ponds are raised walls constructed across a stream/gully using stone, concrete and/or gabion for dual purpose, namely, to pond/store the stream flow behind it for irrigation purpose while at the same time reducing the runoff velocity and enhancing gully rehabilitation.

Location: Tigray. Kilte Awlaelo

Date: 10/10/2014

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: high

Technical knowledge required for land users: high

Technical knowledge required for Engineer/designer: high

Main technical functions: control of dispersed runoff: impede / retard, reduction of slope length

Secondary technical functions: reduction of slope angle, increase of infiltration, increase of groundwater level / recharge of groundwater, sediment retention / trapping, sediment harvesting

Wall/ barrier
Vertical interval between structures (m): n/a
Spacing between structures (m): n/a
Height of bunds/banks/others (m): 1 - 2
Width of bunds/banks/others (m): 1 - 2

Construction material (stone): Stones are usually shaped in order to piece together very well.

Construction material (concrete): The chekdam is usually plastered by concrete on the upstream side to prevent the passage of water th

Construction material (other): Gabion, Sheet metal and Angle iron.

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 2 - 8%

Lateral gradient along the structure: 0%

作者:

Eyasu Yazew, P.O.Box 231, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia

4.2 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

Birr

如相关，注明美元与当地货币的汇率（例如1美元=79.9巴西雷亚尔）：1美元=:

18.0

4.3 技术建立活动

4.4 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

注释:

Duration of establishment phase: 6 month(s)

4.5 维护/经常性活动

4.6 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

注释:

Machinery/ tools: Digging hoe, shovel, hammer, crow bar

Since the check dam ponds generally vary in depth, width and most importantly in length depending up on the gully profile, calculation of cost per meter length will not be a reliable presentation. As a result, one typical check dam pond was selected and the total volume of the structure and the corresponding total cost of construction calculated. Then, the cost per cubic meter of the check dam was determined by dividing the total construction cost to the total volume of the structure.

The calculation includes the cost for the purchase of industrial materials (cement, gabion, sheet metal and angle iron) and cost of labour used for the construction including site clearance and excavation of foundation, stone and sand collection and transportation, gabion masonry work and plastering.

The price of the industrial materials and the labour wage used in the cost calculation apply to 2012. The daily labour wage for plastering is 180 Birr while it is 50 Birr for all other works.

4.7 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

Labour, availability of construction material, depth and width of gully.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil fertility is low (medium soils, ranked 1) and very low (light soils, ranked 2)
Soil drainage/infiltration is medium (ranked 1) and good (ranked 2)
Soil water storage capacity is medium (ranked 1) and low (ranked 2)

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

关于水质和水量的注释和进一步规范:

Availability of surface water is good (September - January). Also medium (February-June)

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Land users applying the Technology are mainly common / average land users
Population density: 100-200 persons/km2
Annual population growth: 2% - 3%
10% of the land users are rich and own 10% of the land.
60% of the land users are average wealthy and own 55% of the land (35 Birr/day/person).
30% of the land users are poor and own 35% of the land.

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者使用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 州

土地使用权:

• 社区（有组织）
• 个人

用水权:

• 社区（有组织）

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

水资源可用性和质量

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

生物多样性:植被、动物

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

水文灾害

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

注释:

100% of land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

500 land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

There is no trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: There is no trend for spontaneous adoption due to high costs. However, communities are increasingly seeking external support to implement this technology.

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Staff members of the Kilte Awlaelo Wereda Office of Agriculture and Rural Development and Office of Water Resources Development