1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

Scaling-up SLM practices by smallholder farmers (IFAD)

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Uganda Landcare Network (ULN) - 乌干达

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

注释:

Application of animal manure improves the soil organic matter content, hence improving soil fertility.

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Application of animal manure on citrus trees (citrus sinensis) for improving soil productivity. Every beginning of season (March and August) 40 kg of animal manure are applied, 60 cm away from the tree trunk, using the ring method to improve soil fertility for increased yields and farm income.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

Use of animal manure is a recommended agronomic practice for soil fertility enhancement in agro-ecosystems. Animal manure application contributes to the build-up of soil organic matter and supplies most of the required nutrients, both of which ultimately improve soil health and productivity. Additionally, manure improves the soil’s water holding capacity, improves soil structure, resulting into improved water infiltration and reduced runoff.

Animal manure is applied on citrus trees at the Green Valley Enterprise farm located in Adjumani District found in Northern Uganda. The farm lies on a gentle slope in an area with predominantly sandy soils. This area experiences a bimodal rainfall pattern with an annual average of 1000 mm. The farm is strategically located close to River Adidi, which is used to provide water for irrigation during the dry months. The purpose of animal manure application on the citrus trees is to increase soil fertility and health, thus improving fruit quality and quantity. Since the soils on the farm are sandy, the land user needs to have a good soil fertility and water management plan in place.

At the beginning of every cropping season, 70 bags of animal manure from cows, each weighing about 100 kg are bought and applied on over 111 citrus trees planted on an acre of land. The citrus trees are a mixture of Washington navel and Hamlin, planted at a spacing of 6×6 m. Before application, the animal manure is collected, heaped and left to decompose under shade at the owner’s kraal for 4 months. At the farm, the manure is applied using the ring method, that is, 60 cm radius from the tree trunk and covered with grass mulch. Forty (40) kg of the manure is applied per tree per season. Application of the animal manure on one acre is estimated to cost UGX 540,000, while maintenance costs are estimated to be UGX 50,000 per season.

At this farm, animal manure application has increased citrus fruit yields up to seven folds. When covered with grass mulch it improves soil moisture retention, hence the farmer is able to have two major harvests annually. In addition, the trees on which manure is applied are more tolerant to dry spells. The main disadvantages of use of animal manure are intensive labour requirement for handling, and variability in manure quality depending on the source.

2.3 技术照片

2.4 技术视频

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 10-50年前

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过土地使用者的创新

注释（项目类型等）:

Land user started applying manure 10 years ago after realizing low yields without the use of any fertilizers on his crops.

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 改良生产
• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化
• 创造有益的经济影响

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

3.3 由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？

注释:

The land use has not changed since application of animal manure, the oranges were grown 10 years ago.

3.4 供水

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 混合雨水灌溉

注释:

During the dry season, water is pumped from a stream that flows through the farm to irrigate the citrus trees .

3.5 该技术所属的SLM组

• 土壤肥力综合管理

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Application of animal manure enhances soil micro biomass

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 防止土地退化
• 修复/恢复严重退化的土地

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本和投入是如何计算的:

• 每个技术区域

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

Ug Shillings (UGX)

如相关，注明美元与当地货币的汇率（例如1美元=79.9巴西雷亚尔）：1美元=:

3650.0

4.3 技术建立活动

	活动	时间（季度）
1.	heaping of manure	Twice annually
2.	transporting	Twice annually
3.	loading and offloading	Twice annually
4.	manure application	Twice annually

注释:

The animal manure is applied twice annually, application is done at the beginning of the season, that is in March and September.

4.4 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Heaping manure	heaps	20.0	2000.0	40000.0	100.0
劳动力	Transporting	heaps	20.0	5000.0	100000.0	100.0
劳动力	Application	acre	1.0	50000.0	50000.0	100.0
肥料和杀菌剂	animal manure	bags	70.0	5000.0	350000.0	100.0
技术建立所需总成本					540000.0
技术建立总成本，美元					147.95

如果土地使用者负担的费用少于100%，请注明由谁负担其余费用:

the land user bore all the costs

4.5 维护/经常性活动

	活动	时间/频率
1.	collecting and heaping manure	Twice
2.	transporting	Twice
3.	application of manure	Twice

4.6 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	collecting	heap	10.0	5000.0	50000.0	100.0
劳动力			1.0
技术维护所需总成本					50000.0
技术维护总成本，美元					13.7

如果土地使用者负担的费用少于100%，请注明由谁负担其余费用:

Costs are borne by land user

注释:

When it comes to application of animal manure, most of the costs are borne by the land user.

4.7 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

Quantities of the manure

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

说明该技术是否专门应用于:

• 不相关

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

The soils according to the farmer are very poor.

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

水的盐度有问题吗？:

否

该区域正在发生洪水吗？:

是

规律性:

偶然

关于水质和水量的注释和进一步规范:

sometimes it rains and the stream fills up causing flooding but this doesn't happen every season

5.5 生物多样性

关于生物多样性的注释和进一步规范:

He is growing a number of crops on his farm (tomatoes, sugar cane, citrus and bananas), on the farm there is also a woodlot.

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

He is an ex soldier who retired into farming and he has a number of on-farm income generating activities.

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者使用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 社区/村庄

• customary

土地使用权:

• 社区（有组织）

用水权:

• 社区（有组织）

注释:

This land tenure system land is owned communally

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

土壤

减少气候和灾害风险

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

对场外影响（测量）的评估进行具体说明:

No off site impacts have been observed, however, continuous application of animal manure due to runoff can lead to eutrophication of streams

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	增加或减少	该技术是如何应对的？
年温度		增加	好
年降雨量		减少	好

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

其他与气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

其它（具体说明）	该技术是如何应对的？
Dry spells	好

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

注释:

The land user attests that benefits surpass both establishment and maintenance costs

6.5 技术采用

• 单例/实验

6.6 适应

最近是否对该技术进行了修改以适应不断变化的条件？:

否

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Animal manure increases the quantity and quality of the citrus
It increases the water holding capacity
It improves soil fertility

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
It is improves agro-ecosystem functioning
increases farm income
improves food security of family

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
If not proper covered with soil or mulch, nutrients can easily be eroded	cover it properly or apply beneath the soil
manure is not readily accessible	outsource from different farmers

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
it is slow in action hence easily affected by weather	it is applied on perennial crops
May contain excess salts

7.1 信息的方法/来源