1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

Scaling-up SLM practices by smallholder farmers (IFAD)

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

National Agricultural Research Organisation (NARO) - 乌干达

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

15/11/2017

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Wire mesh maize storage crib technology is a medium to large scale technology promoted by a farmer in Kamwenge District in South Western Uganda to prevent maize grains from being affected by rainfall. The technology allows for good air circulation which is essential for drying out the maize grains. In this way the grain quality is improved.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

The technology is suitable for farmers growing maize on medium to large scale for commercial purposes. It was adopted from Europe by a farmer in Kamwenge District to help in handling large quantities of maize harvests from a 50-acre farm, which is the largest piece of land under maize farming in the area. Most operations on the farm e.g. land preparation, planting, weeding, spraying and harvesting are semi mechanized. Maize harvest from the farm averages about 2,000 tons per season. This requires a reliable post- harvest handling system that can store the large volumes of maize grain safely with good quality for the market.

The storage cribs are constructed with a wire mesh which is bent to form a rectangular shape to allow more space for storage. The wire mesh structure is then placed on a wooden platform raised a 1 meter above the ground. The whole system is then protected from elements of weather by an iron sheet roof raised 3 meters away from the platform. In front of the structure is a floor space where the harvested maize is first spread on a tarpaulin for sun drying to reduce the moisture content that may be a source of mould leading to grain spoilage and reduces grain quality.
The crib is suitable for storage of maize cobs in both the humid and dry seasons in the Kamwenge area. The structure is well positioned with the longer side in a direction perpendicular to the prevailing wind direction thus facilitating natural ventilation. This allows the drying process to continue even during storage and minimises the possibility of post harvest losses through spoilage.

The storage life greatly depends on the prevailing ambient temperature and relative humidity, and other factors like the inherent moisture pests and diseases. The rectangular shape allows for more space for storage and the material used is durable to beyond 7 years if repairs are done in time. Yet, despite these advantages, the wide open wire mesh allows in birds which feed on the maize which brings about losses.

Establishment cost of the maize storage crib is mainly determined by the construction materials and size. The farmer reported using US$ 4,191.7 in total to establish the structural size of 30 m length, 12 m height and 3 m width . Maintenance activities included repairing the damaged patches on the crib plus also fumigating the units to prevent insects from damaging the poles and eating harvested maize which costs the farmer about US$ 54.8 per season.The costs involved in establishing the technology are slightly higher in the short run while in the long run the net benefits surpass the initial costs. This system is best suited for farmers practising commercial maize farming. However, small scale farmers may be able to construct small size storage cribs using cheaper materials like reeds, bamboo and wood.

2.3 技术照片

2.4 技术视频

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

注明实施年份:

2007

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过项目/外部干预

注释（项目类型等）:

Through exchange visit from established farmers from other locations

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 改良生产
• 创造有益的经济影响

• Reduction of post harvest lossses

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

每年的生长季节数:

• 2

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 收割后的措施

3.5 技术传播

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 适用于特定场所/集中在较小区域

注释:

Cribs constructed in the middle of the maize field.

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

Maize storage construction

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Reduction of post harvest losses which contributes to saving resources e.g soil

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 防止土地退化
• 不适用

注释:

Reduction of post harvest losses which contributes to saving resources e.g soil

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

Crib structure dimension
-Length is 30 meters, height 4 meters and width is 3 meters
-Spacing between crib units is 2 meters
-Wire mesh size is measure depending on the size of structure in this case 30 by 4 meters
-Timber used is eucalyptus variety, pole size is 16 centimeters diameter, pole height 5.5 meters
-Gentle sloping
-Construction materials used are wire mesh, nails, timber, poles and iron sheets

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本和投入是如何计算的:

• 每个技术区域

具体说明成本计算所用货币:

• 美元

注明美元与当地货币的汇率(如相关):1美元=:

3600.0

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	Construction labor	结构性的	Once
2.	Wire Mesh	结构性的	Once
3.	Iron sheets	结构性的	Once
4.	Nails	结构性的	Once
5.	Timber	结构性的	once
6.	Poles	结构性的	Once

注释:

Establishing activities as reported by farmer

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Construction labor	Days	30.0	13.8	414.0	100.0
施工材料	Wire Mesh	Meters	150.0	7.9	1185.0	100.0
施工材料	Poles	Pieces	268.0	0.6	160.8	100.0
施工材料	Nails	Kilograms	105.0	1.2	126.0	100.0
施工材料	Timber	Pieces	420.0	1.0	420.0	100.0
其它	Iron sheets	Pieces (2.5mX0.5m)	120.0	6.2	744.0	100.0
技术建立所需总成本					3049.8

注释:

All the costs were met the farmers

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	Repairing damaged patches of the crib	结构性的	Once a year
2.	Fumigating the crib units to prevent pests	管理	During harvesting periods

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

如果可能，按下表分解技术维护费用，并列明各项投入和每项投入的费用。如果您无法分解成本，给出维护该技术的总成本估算。:

166.0

注释:

Maintenance cost calculated on a yearly basis

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

Construction materials

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

说明该技术是否专门应用于:

• 不相关

5.3 土壤

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

水的盐度有问题吗？:

否

该区域正在发生洪水吗？:

否

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Individual owning a company that runs all the farm activities

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 个人，有命名

土地使用权:

• 个人

用水权:

• 个人

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

社会文化影响

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

• 单例/实验

注释:

None has adopted the technology because of the high establishment cost and most farmers sell their farm produce immediately after harvesting.

6.6 适应

最近是否对该技术进行了修改以适应不断变化的条件？:

否

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Maintains the maize grains in good conditions
Allows drying process to continue even during storage time
The farmer generates more income since he sells when the market prices are favorable

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Quite a good innovation practice especially for those farmers growing maize on large scale for commercial purposes
Reliable post harvesting technique
Reliable storage system

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Crib establishment is relatively costly	Farmers opt for cheap system like the traditional granaries
Best for farmers growing maize on a very large scale for commercial purposes	To be adopted by farmers growing maize on commercial scale
Fumigating the units during harvest period is relatively expensive

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Only favors farmers who can handle the establishment cost	Farmer organisations and government should come in to help middle farmers by providing them with establishment materials at a relatively lower price, this will enable them adopt the system.

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.3 链接到网络上可用的相关信息

标题/说明:

Economic importance of different maize storage structures in Kenya

URL:

https://www.slideshare.net/pchenevixtrench/economic-importance-of-different-maize-storage-structures-in-kenya

标题/说明:

Does Improved Storage Technology modern input use and food security? Evidence of randomized trial in Uganda

URL:

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030438781830926X