1.1 Name of the SLM Technology

Name:

Obras de bioingeniería para evitar erosión de suelo

Locally used name:

Bioingeniería

Country:

Nicaragua

1.2 Contact details of resource persons and institutions involved in the assessment and documentation of the Technology

Name of the institution(s) which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the adaptation of the Technology to climate change (if relevant)

Ministerio del Ambiente y los Recursos Naturales - Nicaragua (MARENA) - Nicaragua

Name of project which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the adaptation of the Technology to climate change (if relevant)

Programa de Gestión Comunitaria de la Cuenca del Rio Dipilto

1.3 Conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT

When were the data compiled (in the field)?

12/09/2019

The compiler and key resource person(s) accept the conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT:

Yes

2.2 Land users' experiences of gradual climate changes and climate-related extremes (disasters)

Gradual climate change

	Indicate season	Experienced by land user(s) and SLM specialist(s) in the last 10 years.	If the gradual climate change/climate-related extreme is mostly noticeable during specific seasons/months, tick the months below. If not, keep it blank.
annual temperature		increase	Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
seasonal temperature	summer	increase	Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
seasonal rainfall	winter	decrease	Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Climate-related extremes (disasters)

Meteorological disasters

		Experienced by land user(s) and SLM specialist(s) in the last 10 years.	If the gradual climate change/climate-related extreme is mostly noticeable during specific seasons/months, tick the months below. If not, keep it blank.
local windstorm	Frequency	increase	Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
	Intensity		Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Climatological disasters

		Experienced by land user(s) and SLM specialist(s) in the last 10 years.	If the gradual climate change/climate-related extreme is mostly noticeable during specific seasons/months, tick the months below. If not, keep it blank.
heatwave	Frequency	increase	Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
	Intensity	increase	Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
drought	Frequency	increase	Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
	Intensity		Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
forest fire	Frequency	increase	Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
	Intensity		Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Hydrological disasters

		Experienced by land user(s) and SLM specialist(s) in the last 10 years.	If the gradual climate change/climate-related extreme is mostly noticeable during specific seasons/months, tick the months below. If not, keep it blank.
flash flood	Frequency	increase	Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
	Intensity		Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
landslide/ debris flow	Frequency	increase	Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
	Intensity		Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Biological disasters

		Experienced by land user(s) and SLM specialist(s) in the last 10 years.	If the gradual climate change/climate-related extreme is mostly noticeable during specific seasons/months, tick the months below. If not, keep it blank.
epidemic diseases	Frequency	increase	Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
	Intensity		Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
insect/ worm infestation	Frequency	increase	Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
	Intensity		Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Comments:

Afectación del gorgojo descortezador del pino en 47 Ha. de la zona de pinares (pinus oocarpa); las inundaciones repentinas (crecidas de ríos) se dieron en mes de octubre del año 2018. y la amenaza de sequía en la zona de las obras de bioingeniería se considera Amenaza Media (AM) según el mapa anual por sequía meteorológica, periodo 1981 - 2010

In the land user's point of view, is there a threshold (in view of frequency and/ or severity of the gradual climate changes or climate-related extremes), which leads to the failure of the Technology?

yes

Specify threshold for gradual climate changes:

Sequía prolongada y/o lluvias extremas

Specify threshold for climate-related extremes (disasters):

incendios forestales y deslizamiento

2.3 Experienced climate-related extremes (disasters)

Has the Technology been exposed to climate-related extremes (disasters) in the last 10 years or more?

Yes

Climate-related extreme	From	To	Comments/ specify
Climate-related extreme: drought	February	September	año 2019

3.1 Land degradation types and related sensitivity of the Technology

Table 1: Reassessment of land degradation types listed in QT Core 3.7

Gradual climate change/ climate-related extreme (disaster)	Land degradation type addressed by the Technology listed in QT Core 3.7	Sensitivity of the Technology to land degradation type	Specify/ comments
drought	Bc: reduction of vegetation cover	very unfavourable influence	El vetiver, izote y el bambú, tienen resistencia a la sequía según el método utilizado de siembra, y si se riega por un periodo prolongado, de lo contrario hay perdida del material vegetativo.
forest fire	Hs: change in quantity of surface water	very unfavourable influence	Contaminación de las aguas superficiales
forest fire	Wr: riverbank erosion	very unfavourable influence	bosque colindante a la ribera del río
forest fire	Bc: reduction of vegetation cover	very unfavourable influence
forest fire	Bs: quality and species composition/ diversity decline	very unfavourable influence
seasonal rainfall	Wm: mass movements/ landslides	unfavourable influence	afectación al material vegetativo de la obra de bioingeniería
heatwave	Bf: detrimental effects of fires	very unfavourable influence

3.2 On- and off-site impacts of the Technology under gradual climate changes and climate-related extremes (disasters)

Socio-economic impacts (on-site)

Water availability and quality

Name of gradual climate change/ climate-related extreme	Impact	Extent
drought	drinking water availability	decreased increased
drought	drinking water quality	decreased increased
drought	water availability for livestock	decreased increased

Income and costs

Name of gradual climate change/ climate-related extreme	Impact	Extent
drought	workload	increased decreased

Ecological impacts (on-site)

Water cycle/ runoff

Name of gradual climate change/ climate-related extreme	Impact	Extent
drought	water quantity	decreased increased
drought	water quality	decreased increased

Soil

Name of gradual climate change/ climate-related extreme	Impact	Extent
drought	soil moisture	decreased increased
drought	soil cover	reduced improved

Biodiversity: vegetation, animals

Name of gradual climate change/ climate-related extreme	Impact	Extent
drought	vegetation cover	decreased increased
drought	biomass/ above ground C	decreased increased

Climate and disaster risk reduction

Name of gradual climate change/ climate-related extreme	Impact	Extent
drought	drought impacts	increased decreased
heatwave	fire risk	increased reduced
drought	micro-climate	worsened improved

Off-site impacts

Name of gradual climate change/ climate-related extreme	Impact	Extent
drought	water availability	decreased increased
drought	reliable and stable stream flows in dry season	reduced increased
drought	groundwater/ river pollution	increased reduced

Name of gradual climate change/ climate-related extreme	Impact	Extent
drought	manejo inadecuado de los desechos sólidos	incremento

3.3 Experienced high-risk times (during the year)

Which are high-risk times during the year and why? (E.g. in terms of growing season):

En Nicaragua tiene dos estaciones (seco y lluvioso) actualmente en corredor seco, que cubre la cuenca del río Dipilto se ha prolongado la sequía por un periodo de 9 meses del año 2019.

4.1 Modification of Technology

Has the Technology been modified to adapt/ further adapt to gradual climate changes and climate-related extremes (disasters)?

• Yes. If yes, fill in the table below.

Type of SLM measure (adaptation measure)

4.2 Success of adaptation measures

Have the adaptation measures been successful?

Yes

Specify why yes/ no:

La mayoría de las obras verdes se lograron adaptar a pesar de las condiciones secas, con excepción del Bambú que presenta un desarrollo mas lento.

4.3 Timing of adaptation measures

When were these adaptation measures taken?

• less than 5 years ago

4.4 Motivation to apply adaptation measures

4.5 Technical training on adaptation measures

Did the land user(s) get any technical training on adaptation measures?

Yes

4.6 Costs and inputs for the adaptation measures

Specify how costs and inputs were calculated:

• per Technology area

other/ national currency (specify):

cordoba

Indicate exchange rate from USD to local currency (if relevant): 1 USD =:

33.13

If possible, break down the costs for adaptation measures according to the following table, specifying inputs and costs per input. If you are unable to break down the costs, give an estimation of the total costs for the adaptation of the Technology:

5.0

	Specify input	Unit	Quantity	Costs per Unit	Total costs per input	% of costs borne by land users
Labour	riego de material vegetativo	dias	120.0	150.0	18000.0	100.0
Total costs for the adaptation of the Technology					18000.0

4.7 Suggestions regarding future adaptation of the Technology

What are potential measures that could be taken to further adapt the Technology to gradual climate changes and climate-related extremes?

En el caso del Bambú se sugiere utilizar una variedad mas resistente a la sequía o utilizar otro método de siembra mas eficiente, (siembra en estacas de forma horizontal), conservar material vegetativo nativo de la zona, e incorporar otros como por ejemplo: Heliotropo (Heliotropium peruvianum), maraca (zingiber spectabile). tambien se recomienda utilizar gramíneas rastreras con fines de crear manto vegetal en la superficies de suelo para protección y evitar erosión en taludes principalmente.

4.8 Assets of land users supporting their capacity to adapt to gradual climate changes and climate-related extremes (disasters)

Financial capital

Social capital

Human capital

Physical capital

Natural capital

Comments:

Las obras de bioingeniería reduce la sedimentación y el arrastre de material suelto del suelo, lo que evita una mayor turbidez del agua para procesamiento con destino al consumo humano principalmente en el municipio de Ocotal, por lo que se debe fomentar una campaña de cultura del agua con fines de establecer un proceso de compensación ambiental en la cuenca del río Dipilto.

5.1 Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities of the Technology

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities of the technology
reducción de los riesgo por deslizamiento en periodos con altas precipitaciones.
reducción de la sedimientación de la fuente hidria y mejora la calidad del agua
estabiliza la estructura del suelo
crea micro clima en los tramos donde se encuentras las obras de bioingeniería
estabiliza los taludes
genera belleza escénica

5.2 Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks of the Technology and ways of overcoming them

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks	How can they be overcome?
El material vegetativo sembrado en época seca puede no fijarse al suelo por falta de humedad	se recomienda riego permanente hasta que inicien las lluvias

6.1 Methods/ sources of information