1.2 Coordonnées des personnes-ressources et des institutions impliquées dans l'évaluation et la documentation de la Technologie

Nom du ou des institutions qui ont facilité la documentation/ l'évaluation de la Technologie (si pertinent)

1.3 Conditions relatives à l'utilisation par WOCAT des données documentées

Le compilateur et la(les) personne(s) ressource(s) acceptent les conditions relatives à l'utilisation par WOCAT des données documentées:

Oui

1.5 Référence au(x) Questionnaires sur les Approches de GDT (documentées au moyen de WOCAT)

PARTICIPATORY APPROACH IN IDCWDP, DANIDA [Inde]

Participatory approach for holistic and intigrated development of the defined area on watershed basis involving all level of stake holders.

• Compilateur : Srikanta Kumar Parida
• 21 jan. 2009 00:00

2.1 Courte description de la Technologie

Définition de la Technologie:

Growing of crops for food, fodder trees and fibre forest in a compact patch.

2.2 Description détaillée de la Technologie

Description:

This technology has mainly to be applied on 5 Ha.of private waste land of poor farmers to increase production. This technology focuses on life fencing, planting of trees for both timber and food varieties, land development, water availability and green manuring. Three line bamboo plantation has been done by laying method at all along the boundary line. Agave also planted at boundary line to give additional protection. Then proper compartmentation has been done keeping intact the total area of individual land holders. Here 'V' ditches has been provided accross the slope of total land. Some fruit and fodder, forest trees were planted all along the bunds and inside the field. The density of tree plantation at crop field is less. So as to facilitate crop cultivation. Gullies has also been arrested by construction of gully control structures. One waterhole has been excavated for life saving irrigation. To manage field waste and to get green manure three compost pits also established.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: After several meeting and interaction with village people, this technology has been established. All the land users where technology is applied were fully engaged for every construction work. So as to have a clear understaing of each small intervention. As this technology uses locally available materials, its maintenance by land users become easy.

Natural / human environment: Here Soil & Water Conservation has been given importance, hence more vegetative cover has been noticed in and around technology area. Increase of soil fertility has also been noticed. Complete barren land conveted in to crop land. So the technology has positive impact on the environment undoubtedly.

2.3 Photos de la Technologie

2.5 Pays/ région/ lieux où la Technologie a été appliquée et qui sont couverts par cette évaluation

Pays:

Inde

Région/ Etat/ Province:

Orissa

Autres spécifications du lieu:

Orissa

Spécifiez la diffusion de la Technologie:

• répartie uniformément sur une zone

Si la Technologie est uniformément répartie sur une zone, précisez la superficie couverte (en km2):

0,05

S'il n'existe pas d'informations exactes sur la superficie, indiquez les limites approximatives de la zone couverte:

• < 0,1 km2 (10 ha)

Commentaires:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 0.05 km2.

Map

×

2.6 Date de mise en œuvre de la Technologie

Si l'année précise est inconnue, indiquez la date approximative: :

• il y a moins de 10 ans (récemment)

2.7 Introduction de la Technologie

Spécifiez comment la Technologie a été introduite: :

• par le biais de projets/ d'interventions extérieures

Commentaires (type de projet, etc.) :

Project SWC Specialist utilizing the earlier experience in the project and other area.

3.1 Principal(aux) objectif(s) de la Technologie

• améliorer la production
• réduire, prévenir, restaurer les terres dégradées

3.2 Type(s) actuel(s) d'utilisation des terres, là où la Technologie est appliquée

Les divers types d'utilisation des terres au sein du même unité de terrain: :

Oui

Terres cultivées

• Cultures pérennes (non ligneuses)
• Plantations d’arbres ou de buissons

Cultures pérennes (non ligneuses) - Précisez les cultures:

• agave/sisal

Forêts/ bois

• Plantations d'arbres, boisements

Plantation d'arbres, afforestation: Précisez l'origine et la composition des espèces. :

• Variété locale en monoculture

Type d’arbres:

• Bambou commun

Terres improductives

Précisez:

Wastelands, deserts, glaciers, swamps, recreation areas, etc

Commentaires:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Due to slope and lack of vegetation cover, majority top soil were lost and many gullies also formed as a result there was no scope for cultivation.

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): The soil was hard, no fertility, land is slopy. So there was no scope for any kind of cultivation in the same patch of land.

Constraints of wastelands / deserts / glaciers / swamps: Slope, Soil loss

Number of growing seasons per year: 1
Longest growing period in days: 150 Longest growing period from month to month: Jun - Oct

3.5 Groupe de GDT auquel appartient la Technologie

• mesures en travers de la pente
• récupération/ collecte de l'eau
• gestion de l'irrigation (incl. l'approvisionnement en eau, le drainage)

3.6 Mesures de GDT constituant la Technologie

structures physiques

Commentaires:

Main measures: structural measures

Secondary measures: agronomic measures, vegetative measures

Type of agronomic measures: manure / compost / residues

Type of vegetative measures: aligned: -contour, aligned: -graded strips *³, aligned: -against wind

3.7 Principaux types de dégradation des terres traités par la Technologie

érosion hydrique des sols

• Wt: perte de la couche superficielle des sols (couche arable)/ érosion de surface
• Wg: ravinement/ érosion en ravines

dégradation chimique des sols

• Cn: baisse de la fertilité des sols et réduction du niveau de matière organique (non causée par l’érosion)

Commentaires:

Main type of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Wg: gully erosion / gullying, Cn: fertility decline and reduced organic matter content

Main causes of degradation: other human induced causes (specify) (agricultural causes - Coordination of traditional method of agricultural practices like along the slope, use of long term local varieity of seeds etc.), poverty / wealth (lack of captial)

Secondary causes of degradation: education, access to knowledge and support services (lack of knowledge), Erosion problem, Common social practices

3.8 Prévention, réduction de la dégradation ou réhabilitation des terres dégradées

Spécifiez l'objectif de la Technologie au regard de la dégradation des terres:

• restaurer/ réhabiliter des terres sévèrement dégradées

Commentaires:

Main goals: rehabilitation / reclamation of denuded land

4.1 Dessin technique de la Technologie

Spécifications techniques (associées au dessin technique):

Diagram showing different soil conservation measures

Location: Maliguda. Koraput/Orissa/India

Date: 15/3/2005

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: moderate

Technical knowledge required for land users: low

Main technical functions: control of dispersed runoff: retain / trap, control of concentrated runoff: retain / trap

Secondary technical functions: reduction of slope length, increase of surface roughness, increase in soil fertility

Agronomic measure: Green Fencing
Material/ species: Bamboo, Agave
Remarks: Two type of Bamboo and Agave provided all round the technology area

Manure / compost / residues
Remarks: 3 compost pits has been established.

Agronomic measure: Tillage with country plough

Aligned: -contour
Vegetative material: G : grass
Number of plants per (ha): 15000
Vertical interval between rows / strips / blocks (m): 0.25
Spacing between rows / strips / blocks (m): 0.25
Vertical interval within rows / strips / blocks (m): 0.3
Width within rows / strips / blocks (m): 0.3

Aligned: -graded strips
Vegetative material: F : fruit trees / shrubs, O : other
Number of plants per (ha): 114
Vertical interval within rows / strips / blocks (m): 9.15
Width within rows / strips / blocks (m): 9.15

Aligned: -against wind
Vegetative material: T : trees / shrubs
Number of plants per (ha): 1
Vertical interval between rows / strips / blocks (m): 1
Spacing between rows / strips / blocks (m): 1
Vertical interval within rows / strips / blocks (m): 1
Width within rows / strips / blocks (m): 0.33

Trees/ shrubs species: Bamboo, Agave (Sisal)

Fruit trees / shrubs species: Mango and Cashew

Other species: Teak, S.Glauca, Subabul

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 4.00%

If the original slope has changed as a result of the Technology, the slope today is (see figure below): 2.00%

Wall/ barrier
Spacing between structures (m): 6
Depth of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0.3
Width of ditches/pits/dams (m): 1.25
Length of ditches/pits/dams (m): 1.7

Structural measure: Pits
Depth of ditches/pits/dams (m): 25
Width of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0.9

Structural measure: 'V'Ditch with bund
Vertical interval between structures (m): 20
Spacing between structures (m): 15
Depth of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0.6
Width of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0.6
Length of ditches/pits/dams (m): 500
Height of bunds/banks/others (m): 1
Width of bunds/banks/others (m): 1.5

Construction material (earth): Bund constructed with earth

Construction material (other): Barries established with bamboo along the boundary for wind break as well as fence.

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 4%

If the original slope has changed as a result of the Technology, the slope today is: 2%

Vegetation is used for stabilisation of structures.

Auteur:

Parida S.K, Koraput,Orissa, In

4.2 Informations générales sur le calcul des intrants et des coûts

autre/ monnaie nationale (précisez):

Rupees

Indiquez le taux de change des USD en devise locale, le cas échéant (p.ex. 1 USD = 79.9 réal brésilien): 1 USD = :

0,45

4.3 Activités de mise en place/ d'établissement

4.4 Coûts et intrants nécessaires à la mise en place

Commentaires:

Duration of establishment phase: 48 month(s)

4.5 Activités d'entretien/ récurrentes

4.6 Coûts et intrants nécessaires aux activités d'entretien/ récurrentes (par an)

Commentaires:

Convert of degraded fellow private land to a cultivable land on adopting new low cost technology in a 5 Ha. Compact patch. The following benefits -
(1) Slope of the land reduced.
(2) Land protected from severe soil erosion.
(3) Increase the moisture region of the soil.
(4) Soil fertility/ standy increased farmers achieved the minimum common needs (basic) common needy product from the technology i.e food, fuel and fodder etc.

4.7 Facteurs les plus importants affectant les coûts

Décrivez les facteurs les plus importants affectant les coûts :

(1) High slope:- Slope reduced Nos. of structure adopted. Labour engagement are expose of sub-surface soil used Nos. of planting materials.
(2) Diference:- The planting materials are not locally available and transported from 20 K.Ms distance (Bamboo, Vertiver, Mango, Cashew)
(3) Comunication was not up to SWC spot during the establishment period.

5.1 Climat

5.2 Topographie

Commentaires et précisions supplémentaires sur la topographie:

Landforms: Hill slopes (ranked 1), ridges (ranked 2) and valley floors (ranked 3)
Slopes on average: Moderate (land Slope having undulated topography)

5.3 Sols

Si disponible, joignez une description complète du sol ou précisez les informations disponibles, par ex., type de sol, pH/ acidité du sol, capacité d'échange cationique, azote, salinité, etc.

Soil texture: Medium (ranked 1, sandy loam to silty clay loam) and coarse/light
Soil fertility: Low (ranked 1) and medium (ranked 2)
Topsoil organic matter: Low (loss of top soils due to heavy run off, ranked 1)
Soil drainage/infiltration: Medium (soil varies from loam to silly clay loam, ranked 2)
Soil water storage capacity: Low

5.6 Caractéristiques des exploitants des terres appliquant la Technologie

Indiquez toute autre caractéristique pertinente des exploitants des terres:

Population density: < 10 persons/km2

Annual population growth: 2% - 3%

24% of the land users are rich and own 30% of the land.
45% of the land users are average wealthy and own 56% of the land (30% of house hold comes in standard wealth.).
31% of the land users are poor and own 14% of the land (70% of house hold comes below average).

Off-farm income specification: Through various training, interaction with specialist, they acquire more knowledge about other small business like Goatery, Poultry, Pisciculture, Beekeeping, Floriculture and also marketing facility and utilizing these knowledge their off-farm income increase.

5.8 Propriété foncière, droits d’utilisation des terres et de l'eau

Propriété foncière:

• individu, avec titre de propriété

Droits d’utilisation des terres:

• individuel

6.1 Impacts sur site que la Technologie a montrés

Impacts socio-économiques

Production

Revenus et coûts

Impacts socioculturels

Impacts écologiques

Cycle de l'eau/ ruissellement

Sols

Réduction des risques de catastrophe et des risques climatiques

Autres impacts écologiques

6.2 Impacts hors site que la Technologie a montrés

6.4 Analyse coûts-bénéfices

Quels sont les bénéfices comparativement aux coûts de mise en place (du point de vue des exploitants des terres)?

Quels sont les bénéfices comparativement aux coûts d'entretien récurrents (du point de vue des exploitants des terres)?

6.5 Adoption de la Technologie

Si disponible, quantifiez (nombre de ménages et/ou superficie couverte):

26

Commentaires:

6 land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

20 land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

Comments on spontaneous adoption: survey results

There is a moderate trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: Some land users adopted the technology partially. As the technology has different measures, some took field bunds with local grasses, some did tree plantation. Some are planning to plant bamboo in their plot boundary.

6.7 Points forts/ avantages/ possibilités de la Technologie

6.8 Faiblesses/ inconvénients/ risques de la Technologie et moyens de les surmonter

7.1 Méthodes/ sources d'information

7.2 Références des publications disponibles

Titre, auteur, année, ISBN:

Watershed Survey Report

Disponible à partir d'où? Coût?

Director of Soil Conservation, Orissa, Bhubaneswar

Titre, auteur, année, ISBN:

Plan and Estimate

Disponible à partir d'où? Coût?

-do-