1.2 ព័ត៌មានលម្អិតពីបុគ្គលសំខាន់ៗ និងស្ថាប័នដែលចូលរួមក្នុងការវាយតម្លៃ និងចងក្រងឯកសារនៃវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ

ឈ្មោះគម្រោងដែលបានចងក្រងឯកសារ/ វាយតម្លៃលើវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ (បើទាក់ទង)

Catastrophic shifts in drylands (EU-CASCADE)

ឈ្មោះអង្គភាពមួយ (ច្រើន) ដែលបានចងក្រងឯកសារ/ វាយតម្លៃលើវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ (បើទាក់ទង)

Centro de Estudios Ambientales del Mediterraneo (CEAM) - ប្រទេសអេស្ប៉ាញ

ឈ្មោះអង្គភាពមួយ (ច្រើន) ដែលបានចងក្រងឯកសារ/ វាយតម្លៃលើវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ (បើទាក់ទង)

Generalitat Valenciana (GVA) - ប្រទេសអេស្ប៉ាញ

1.3 លក្ខខណ្ឌទាក់ទងទៅនឹងការប្រើប្រាស់ទិន្នន័យដែលបានចងក្រងតាមរយៈវ៉ូខេត

តើពេលណាដែលទិន្នន័យបានចងក្រង (នៅទីវាល)?

06/05/2013

អ្នកចងក្រង និង(បុគ្គលសំខាន់ៗ)យល់ព្រមទទួលយកនូវលក្ខខណ្ឌនានាទាក់ទងទៅនឹងការប្រើប្រាស់ទិន្នន័យដែលបានចងក្រងតាមរយៈ​ វ៉ូខេត:

បាទ/ចា៎

1.4 ការយោងមួយ (ច្រើន) ទៅលើ (កម្រង) បញ្ជីសំណួរនៃបច្ចេកទេស SLM

2.1 ពណ៌នាសង្ខេបខ្លីពីវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ

Through the declaration of Ayora to a forest intervention area (ZAU) and the implementation of the pilot project of the PSP, a preventive silviculture was promoted through the establishment of a firebreak network.

2.2 ពណ៌នាលម្អិតពិវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ

ពណ៌នាលម្អិតពិវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ:

Aims / objectives: Forest fire is the main degradation driver in Ayora. In the article 24 of the forest law 3/1993 the declaration of special areas to forest intervention areas, so-called “Zonas de Actuación Urgente (ZAU)” through the regional government of Valencia is defined. Objectives are the protection against natural hazards and the promotion of conservation/restoration within a area which is degraded, affected by a forest fire (and natural regeneration is not probable), adverse climatic conditions, pests, severe ecological change, or fauna or flora of special value. If the use of the resources is not compatible with the conservation objectives within a ZAU, the administration has the right to enforce restrictions. The Ayora region was declared to a ZAU in 1997 due to its high risk of fires. In the “Plan de Selvicultura Preventiva de Incendios en los Sistemas Forestales (PSP)” (“plan of preventive silviculture to prevent forest fires”) which became operative in 1996 and whose main objective is the reduction of the fire risk, the ZAU was practically addressed for the first time in the establishment of a firebreak network (áreas cortafuegos). The PSP constitutes an important part of the “plan de protección contra incendios forestales” (“plan of protection against forest fires”) and has the following main objectives: The analysis/mapping of historic forest fires in Valencia (1984-1994) to support decision-making in silvicultural issues, the classification of the forest by quality and fire risk to establish local/regional plans to prevent fires (through silvicultural actions), selection of areas (province level) for the establishment of pilot projects (to apply silvicultural actions), decision on periodic investment and level of employment.

Methods: Within the PSP, 4 pilot projects were initiated in Los Serranos (17‘470 ha), Utiel-Requena (20’966 ha), Valle de Ayora-Cofrentes (33’851 ha) and Sierra de Mariola (11’574 ha) to promote a preventive silviculture which aims in modifying the amount of fuel in the forest through the establishment of a firebreak network and to limit the burnt area. The pilot areas were selected (in collaboration with the forest administration of Valencia) by the following criteria: representativity for the whole province, high value for the population, high potential risk of fire. In T_SPA009en the pilot project of Ayora-Cofrentes (Cofrentes, Jalance, Jarafuel, Zarra, Ayora) is described in detail and this approach focuses on the Ayora site as well. The firebreak network was established between 1998 and 2002, carried out by the company VAERSA and executed on both public and private land. Since the old firebreaks (established before the project) had a strong visual and ecological impact, the PSP designed a new type called “área cortafuego”. The continuous maintenance of the firebreaks is required which is also included in the pilot project. The total area protected by the firebreak network amounts to 33’851 ha while the management measures were executed on 1944,81 ha. The costs of the execution were 1312 Euro per ha, the maintenance 82.03 Euro per ha (all 2 years) and 31.37 Euro per ha (all 4 years).

Stages of implementation: After the establishment of the PSP (1996) and the declaration of Ayora to a ZAU (1997) the implementation of the pilot project was realized in the following phases: 1) splitting up of the territory based on the quality and the potential risk (using maps and aerial pictures), 2) field work (to examine the first draft of the firebreak network elaborated in the office), 3) office work (digitizing), 4) final map, 5) estimation of costs, 6) combination of firebreak plan with the cadastral land register.

Role of stakeholders: The PSP, the ZAU and the pilot projects were set up by the regional government of Valencia, in collaboration with the forest services. The PSP is put into operation each year by the forest services to plan the maintenance of the firebreak network. The effect on the local population is the creation of jobs in forest management.

2.3 រូបភាពនៃវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ

2.5 ប្រទេស/តំបន់/ទីតាំងកន្លែង ដែលវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយត្រូវបានអនុវត្តន៍

2.6 កាលបរិច្ឆេទនៃការចាប់ផ្តើម និងបញ្ចប់នៃវិធីសាស្រ្តផ្សព្វផ្សាយនេះ

2.7 ប្រភេទនៃវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ

• ផ្អែកលើគម្រោង/កម្មវិធី

2.8 គោលបំណង/ទិសដៅសំខាន់នៃវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ

The Approach focused mainly on SLM with other activities (analysis/mapping of historic fires to support decision-making in silvicultural issues, classification of forest systems by quality and fire risk to prioritise actions and establish local/regional plans)

Research on historic fires to support decision-making in silvicultural practices, fire risk reduction, reducing the burnt area through splitting up the forest, improvement of fire prevention and extinction measures (e.g. improvement of access for fire-fighting vehicles and protection of fire fighters), establish local/regional plans to prevent fires (through silvicultural actions), promote conservation of the forest on a large scale

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: High amount of continuous fuel due to lack of management which increases the risk of vast and devastating fires, lack of fire prevention and extinction measures, ecological and visual impact of old firebreaks.

2.9 លក្ខខណ្ឌអនុញ្ញាត ឬរារាំងការអនុវត្តន៍បច្ចេកទេសដែលស្ថិតនៅក្រោមវិធីសាស្រ្តផ្សព្វផ្សាយ

3.1 អ្នកពាក់ព័ន្ធដែលបានចូលរួមក្នុងវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ និងតួនាទីរបស់ពួកគេ

3.2 ការចូលរួមរបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដីក្នុងតំបន់/ សហគមន៍ក្នុងតំបន់ក្នុងដំណាក់កាលផ្សេងគ្នានៃវិធីសាស្រ្តផ្សព្វផ្សាយ

	ការចូលរួមរបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដីក្នុងតំបន់/សហគមន៍ក្នុងតំបន់	សូមបញ្ជាក់នរណាត្រូវបានចូលរួម ព្រមទាំងពណ៌នាសកម្មភាពទាំងនោះ
ការចាប់ផ្តើម/ការលើកទឹកចិត្ត	គ្មាន	By government of Valencia
ការរៀបចំផែនការ	គ្មាន	By government of Valencia
ការអនុវត្តន៍	ការគាំទ្រពីខាងក្រៅ	local people working in the execution and maintenance of the firebreak network, led by forest agents and forest engineers of the government of Valencia
ការត្រួតពិនិត្យ និងវាយតម្លៃ	គ្មាន	By government of Valencia
Research	គ្មាន	By government of Valencia

3.3 គំនូសបំព្រួញ (ប្រសិនបើមាន)

3.4 ការសម្រេចចិត្តលើការជ្រើសរើសបច្ចេកទេស SLM

តើការសម្រេចចិត្តក្នុងការជ្រើសរើសបច្ចេកទេស(ច្រើន)ត្រូវបានធ្វើឡើងយ៉ាងដូចម្តេច?

• Politicians in collaboration with SLM specialists

ចូរពន្យល់:

The PSP, the ZAU and the pilot projects (firebreak network) were set up by the regional government of Valencia, in collaboration with the forest services (which also include SLM specialists)

Decisions on the method of implementing the SLM Technology were made by Politicians in collaboration with SLM specialists

4.1 ការកសាងសមត្ថភាព/ បណ្តុះបណ្តាល

តើវគ្គបណ្តុះបណ្តាលបានផ្តល់ឱ្យអ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដី/អ្នកពាក់ព័ន្ធផ្សេងៗទៀតដែរឬទេ?

បាទ/ចា៎

សូមបញ្ជាក់តើអ្នកណាត្រូវបានបណ្តុះបណ្តាល:

• អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដី

ទម្រង់នៃការបណ្តុះបណ្តាល:

• អនុវត្តន៍ជាមួយការងារ

ប្រធានបទបណ្តុះបណ្តាល:

Training of local people in the use of machinery in forest management (execution and maintenance of firebreaks)

4.2 សេវាផ្តល់ប្រឹក្សាយោបល់

តើអ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដីបានទទួលនូវសេវាផ្តល់ប្រឹក្សាដែរ ឬទេ?

បាទ/ចា៎

សូមបញ្ជាក់ប្រសិនបើសេវាកម្មប្រឹក្សាយោបល់ត្រូវបានផ្តល់ឱ្យ:

• នៅមជ្ឈមណ្ឌលជាអចិន្ត្រៃ

ពណ៌នា/ពន្យល់:

Advisory service is quite adequate to ensure the continuation of land conservation activities; The maintenance of the pilot projects is included in the PSP and is planned and executed by the government of Valencia. Already three maintenance projects followed after the execution of the pilot projects (2000-2004, 2004-2008, 2008-2012). Future funding of activities is not clear.

4.3 ការពង្រឹងសមត្ថភាពស្ថាប័ន (ការអភិរឌ្ឍន៍អង្គភាព)

តើស្ថាប័នទាំងអស់ត្រូវបានបង្កើតឡើង ឬពង្រឹងសមត្ថភាពតាមរយៈវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយដែរ ឬទេ?

• ទេ

4.4 ការត្រួតពិនិត្យ និងវាយតម្លៃ

តើការត្រួតពិនិត្យ និងវាយតម្លៃគឺជាផ្នែកមួយនៃវិធីសាស្ត្រដែរឬទេ?

បាទ/ចា៎

មតិយោបល់:

technical aspects were regular monitored by project staff, government through observations; indicators: Observations of built-up of fuel to decide when and where maintenance is required

There were no changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation: None

There were few changes in the Technology as a result of monitoring and evaluation: The technology is the same since the execution of the project but maintenance (e.g. clearing of firebreaks) is applied. Some more firebreaks were established where it was still required and not covered by the pilot project.

4.5 ការស្រាវជ្រាវ

តើការស្រាវជ្រាវ គឺជាផ្នែកមួយនៃវិធីសាស្រ្តដែរឬទេ?

បាទ/ចា៎

បញ្ជាក់ប្រធានបទ:

• សេដ្ឋកិច្ច/ទីផ្សារ
• បរិស្ថានវិទ្យា
• បច្ចេកវិទ្យា

សូមផ្តល់ព័ត៌មានបន្ថែមទៀតឱ្យបានលម្អិត និងចង្អុលបង្ហាញនរណាដែលបានធ្វើការស្រាវជ្រាវ:

analysis/mapping of historic forest fires in Valencia (1984-1994) to support decision-making in silvicultural practices, classification of the forest by quality and fire risk, research on causes of forest fires

Research was carried out both on station and on-farm

5.1 ថវិកាប្រចាំឆ្នាំសម្រាប់ផ្សព្វផ្សាយ SLM

ប្រសិនបើចំនួនពិតប្រាកដនៃថវិកាប្រចាំឆ្នាំមិនត្រូវបានដឹងច្បាស់ សូមប្រាប់ពីចន្លោះនៃថវិកានោះ:

• 100,000-1,000,000

មតិយោបល់ (ឧ. ប្រភពសំខាន់នៃមូលនិធិ/ម្ចាស់ជំនួយចំបង):

Approach costs were met by the following donors: government (government of Valencia ): 100.0%

5.2 ការគាំទ្រផ្នែកហិរញ្ញវត្ថុ / សម្ភារៈដែលបានផ្តល់ទៅឱ្យអ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដី

តើអ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដីបានទទួលការគាំទ្រផ្នែកហិរញ្ញវត្ថ/សម្ភារៈសម្រាប់ការអនុវត្តន៍បច្ចេកទេសដែរឬទេ:

បាទ/ចា៎

ប្រសិនបាទ/ច៎ា សូមបញ្ជាក់ប្រភេទ(ច្រើន)នៃការគាំទ្រ លក្ខខណ្ឌ និងអ្នកផ្តល់ឱ្យ(ច្រើន):

state (government of Valencia)

5.3 សូមបញ្ជាក់ពីធាតុចូលត្រូវបានផ្តល់បដិភាគ (រួមទាំងកម្លាំងពលកម្ម)

• សម្ភារៈ

• ហេដ្ឋារចនាសម្ព័ន្ធ

ប្រសិនបើកម្លាំងពលកម្មធ្វើដោយអ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដី តើវាជាធាតុចូលដ៏សំខាន់មួយដែរ ឬទេ:

• បង់ជាសាច់ប្រាក់

មតិយោបល់:

execution and maintenance of firebreak network (forest management)

5.4 ឥណទាន

តើឥណទានដែលបានផ្តល់នៅក្រោមវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយសម្រាប់សកម្មភាព SLM នេះយ៉ាងដូចម្តេច?

ទេ

6.1 ផលប៉ះពាល់នៃវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ

6.2 ការលើកទឹកចិត្តចម្បងៗរបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដីសម្រាប់ការអនុវត្តបច្ចេកទេស SLM

6.3 សកម្មភាពផ្សព្វផ្សាយដែលប្រកបដោយចីរភាព

តើអ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដីអាចធ្វើឱ្យមានចីរភាពនូវអ្វីដែលត្រូវបានអនុវត្តន៍តាមរយៈវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយដែរឬទេ(ដោយពុំមានការគាំទ្រពីអ្នកខាងក្រៅ)?

• ទេ

ប្រសិន ទេ ឬមិនប្រាកដសូមបញ្ជាក់ និងពន្យល់:

The maintenance is expensive and has to be financed by the state. Furthermore, forest services need to provide technical assistance.

6.4 ភាពខ្លាំង/ គុណសម្បត្តិនៃវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ

ភាពខ្លាំង/ គុណសម្បត្តិ/ ឱកាស​ ទស្សនៈរបស់បុគ្គលសំខាន់ៗ
Before the implementation of the pilot projects of the PSP there was a lack of money and no institutional base. The pilot project allowed to establish a firebreak network (fully financed by the government of Valencia) (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: The government should sustain its investment in forest management. )
The maintenance of the firebreak network is included in the PSP. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: The government should sustain its investment in forest management.)
The firebreak network facilitates the access for fire fighters (and vehicles) and guarantees a higher security for people, thus increasing the possibility to control/slow down a fire. By arranging the territory in different parcels (firebreaks of first, second and third order) the spread of large forest fires is less probable (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: The maintenance of firebreaks is crucial. Furthermore, there must be a good coordination and organisation within the fire fighter staff in case of an emergency)
There are also firebreaks which were not established within the pilot project but due to a request of forest agents. The project was important to upscale this technology and to get people’s attention for the problem of forest fires. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Public awareness raising. )
There are both social and economic benefits for local people. The establishment and the maintenance of firebreaks provide jobs for rural people, which allows them to increase their livelihood conditions. People do not depend on unemployment payments and are therefore more accepted in society. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: The government should sustain its investment in forest management and include the local population)

6.5 ភាពខ្សោយ/ គុណវិបត្តិនៃវិធីសាស្ត្រ និងរកដំណោះស្រាយ

ភាពខ្សោយ/ គុណវិបត្តិ/ ហានិភ័យក្នុងទស្សនៈរបស់បុគ្គលសំខាន់ៗ	តើបច្ចេកទេសទាំងនោះបានដោះស្រាយបញ្ហាដូចម្តេច?
Firebreaks do mainly work in fire extinction and less in fire prevention	Investigation of other management practices and approaches. An integrative way of forest management could be the clearing of fire-prone species and the planting of more fire-resistant species as suggested by CEAM.
Little involvement of the local population. The projects were designed by the government without including local land users	Include local land users in the planning of forest management. Work in a transdisciplinary way.
Land users cannot continue the SLM approach/ technology on their own. The maintenance is expensive and has to be financed by the state. Once the government will not continue paying the maintenance of the firebreaks the technology will probably not be managed anymore. Furthermore, forest services need to provide technical assistance	The government should sustain its investment in forest management. More trainings could be provided to local land users by the government of Valencia

7.1 វិធីសាស្ត្រ/ ប្រភពនៃព័ត៌មាន

7.2 ឯកសារយោងដែលបានចេញផ្សាយ

ចំណងជើង អ្នកនិពន្ធ ឆ្នាំ ISBN:

Plan de selvicultura preventiva, laws, fire prevention plans, ...

មានប្រភពមកពីណា? ថ្លៃដើមប៉ុន្មាន?

Conselleria de infraestructura, territorio y medio ambiente de la Generalitat Valenciana www.cma.gva.es and http://www.112cv.com/prevencion/guatlla30/web-2520exportar/indice.aspx@nodo=206&idioma=c.htm